Papirus Edwin Smith: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[Berkas:Edwin Smith Papyrus v2.jpg|thumbjmpl|Papirus Edwin Smith.]]
'''Papirus Edwin Smith''' adalah teks medis [[Mesir Kuno]] yang berisi mengenai [[cedera|trauma]] bedah.<ref name="WilkinsRobert">{{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=Robert H. |date=1992 |orig-year=Pertama kali terbit pada 1965 |title=Neurosurgical Classics |edition=2nd |url= |location=[[Park Ridge, Illinois]] |publisher=[[American Association of Neurological Surgeons]] |page= |lccn=2011293270 |isbn=978-1-879284-09-8}}</ref> Papirus ini berasal dari masa [[Dinasti ke-16 Mesir|dinasti ke-16]] [[Dinasti ke-17 Mesir|dan ke-17]] pada [[Periode Menengah Kedua]] di Mesir Kuno, sekitar tahun 1600 SM.<ref name="Allen">{{cite book |last=Allen |first=James P. |author-link=James Peter Allen, "|date=2005 |title=The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt" |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=jNbVl5LOjHUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA6&dq=ancient+egyptian+medicine&ots=UlFyzz2q3V&sig=MsxkKn-GtrSWvKIgcYyu9mvgoFI#v=onepage&q=ancient%20egyptian%20medicine&f=false (|location=[[New York: City|New York]]/[[New Haven]] |publisher=The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art,]]/[[Yale 2005),University 70.Press]] |page= |lccn=2005016908 |isbn=978-0-300-10728-9}}</ref>{{rp|70}} Papirus Edwin Smith memiliki keunikan tersendiri bila dibandingkan dengan papirus medis lain yang masih bertahan hingga kini.<ref name="LewkoniaRay">{{cite book |last=Lewkonia |first=Ray |chapter=education |chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192629500.001.0001/acref-9780192629500-e-159?rskey=4e8KEg&result=151 |subscription=y |editor1-first=Stephen |editor1-last=Lock |editor2-first=John M. |editor2-last=Last |editor2-link=John M. Last |editor3-first=George |editor3-last=Dunea |date=2006 |orig-year=Pertama kali terbit pada 1986 |edition=Online |title=The Oxford Companion to Medicine |url= |location= |publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Oxford Reference]] |page= |doi=10.1093/acref/9780192629500.001.0001 |lccn=2001021799 |isbn=978-0-19-172745-0}}</ref> Sementara papirus lain, seperti Papirus Ebers dan Papirus Medis London, adalah teks medis berdasarkan sihir, Papirus Edwin Smith menunjukkan pendekatan rasional dan ilmiah terhadap pengobatan di Mesir Kuno.<ref name="Ghalioungui">{{cite book |last=Ghalioungui |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Ghalioungui, "|date=1965 |orig-year=Pertama kali terbit pada 1963 |title=Magic and Medical Science in Ancient Egypt". (|url=https://archive.org/details/magicmedicalscie0000ghal|location=New York: |publisher=[[Barnes and& Noble,]] Inc|page= ,1965),|lccn=65029851 58.|isbn=}}</ref>{{rp|58}}
 
Papirus ini berbentuk gulungan dengan panjang 4,68 meter. Pada bagian depan, terdapat 377 baris tulisan dengan 17 kolom; sementara pada bagian belakang, terdapat 92 baris tulisan dengan 5 kolom.<ref name="Allen" />{{rp|70}} Ditulis dengan penulisan [[hieratik]] dari kanan ke kiri menggunakan tinta berwarna hitam, sementara untuk penjelasan inti menggunakan tinta berwarna merah. Sebagian besar isi dari papirus ini berfokus pada cedera dan operasi, serta penjelasan singkat mengenai [[ginekologi]] pada bagian belakang.<ref name="RitnerRobert_a">{{cite book |last=Ritner |first=Robert K. |author-link=Robert K. Ritner |chapter=Medicine |chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001/acref-9780195102345-e-0437?rskey=ktaIGm&result=432 |editor1-first=Donald B. |editor1-last=Redford |editor1-link=Donald B. Redford |date=2005 |orig-year=Pertama kali terbit pada 2001 |edition=Online |subscription=y |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt |url= |location= |publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Oxford Reference]] |page= |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001 |lccn=99054801 |isbn=978-0-19-518765-6}}</ref> Pada bagian depan, terdapat 48 kasus cedera. Setiap kasus dijelaskan secara detail dengan menyertakan jenis cedera, perawatan terhadap pasien, diagnosis dan prognosis, serta metode penyembuhannya.<ref name="Nunn">{{cite book |last=Nunn |first=John F. |date=1996 |title=Ancient Egyptian Medicine |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianm0000nunn|location=[[Norman, Oklahoma]] |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |lccn=95039770 |isbn=978-0-8061-2831-3}}</ref>{{rp|26–28}}
== Catatan kaki ==
 
== Bacaan terkait ==
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]] "Medis Edwin Smith Papyrus The New York Academy of Medicine." Inv. 217, dipindahkan ke New Hieroglyphics, diterjemahkan dan diedit: Berlin 2011, Christoph Brunner, Basel, 2012, ISBN 978-3-033-03331-3.
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]]: "Der medizinische Papyrus Edwin Smith." The New York Academy of Medicine, Inv. 217; Neu in Hieroglyphen übertragen, übersetzt und bearbeitet: Berlin 2011; Christoph Brunner, Basel 2012, ISBN 978-3-033-03331-3.
* [http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/smith_home.html ''Turning the Pages''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729204608/http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/smith_home.html |date=2010-07-29 }}: a virtual reconstruction of the Edwin Smith Papyrus. From the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]].
* [http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptscience.html Ancient Egyptian Alchemy and Science], contains a detailed description of the manuscript.
* [http://www.touregypt.net/edwinsmithsurgical.htm ''The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus'']: translation of all 48 cases from the papyrus. An unacknowledged reprint of the translations from Breasted 1930.
* [http://www.arabworldbooks.com/articles8.htm ''Medicine In Ancient Egypt'']
* [http://www.neurosurgery.org/cybermuseum/pre20th/epapyrus.html Cybermuseum of Neurosurgery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205230644/http://www.neurosurgery.org/cybermuseum/pre20th/epapyrus.html |date=2020-02-05 }}: translation of 13 cases pertaining to injuries of the skull and spinal cord, with commentary.
* [http://www.aams.org.au/contents.php?subdir=library/history/&filename=pharonic_egypt History of Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305173434/http://www.aams.org.au/contents.php?subdir=library%2Fhistory%2F&filename=pharonic_egypt |date=2019-03-05 }}: lists other papyruses.
{{refend}}
 
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