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The '''''Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group''','' (terjemahan orbebas '''PPG''',Kelompok isFilogeni anPaku-pakuan''''') informalatau international'''PPG''', groupadalah ofkelompok systematic[[botani]]<nowiki/>wan [[botany|botanistssistematika]] whoantarbangsa collaborateinformal toyang establishmenggarap akonsensus consensusdi onbidang theklasifikasi [[Taxonomytumbuhan (biology)|classification]] of [[pteridophyte]]spaku ([[Lycopodiopsida|lycophytes]] anddan [[fernPolypodiopsida]]s) thatmelalui reflectspenghimpunan knowledgeberbagai abouthasil plantpenelitian relationshipskekerabatan discoveredtumbuhan throughberdasarkan [[phylogenetics|phylogeneticfilogeni]] studies. InPublikasi 2016,pertama thedikeluarkan grouppada publishedtahun a2016, classificationdan forbiasa extantdijuluki pteridophytes,sebagai termedsistem "PPG I". TheArtikel paperpublikasi hadtersebut melibatkan 94 authorspenulis (26 principalorang andutama dan 68 additionalorang pembantu).<ref name=PPGI/>
 
== PPG I ==
Sebagai sistem konsensus pertama, PPG I dibuat pada tahun 2016 dan mencakup hanya tumbuhan paku yang ''extant'' (masih hidup di bumi, belum punah). Sistem klasifikasinya, berbeda dari [[Sistem klasifikasi APG|sistem APG]], masih mendasarkan pada peringkat takson, menggunakan takson kelas (''Classis''), anakkelas (''Subclassis''), bangsa (''Ordo''), anakbangsa (''Subordo''), suku (''Familia''), anaksuku (''Subamilia''), dan marga (''Genus'').<ref name=PPGI/>
A first classification, PPG I, was produced in 2016, covering only extant (living) pteridophytes. The classification was rank-based, using the [[Taxonomic rank|ranks]] of class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily and genus.<ref name=PPGI/>
 
=== Filogeni ===
TheKlasifikasi classificationdibuat wasberdasarkan basedfilogeni on a consensus phylogenykonsensus, showndan belowberikut topenyajjian thesampai levelaras ofBangsa Bangsa(Ordo).<ref name=PPGI/>
{{clade
|label1=[[tracheophyteTracheophyta]]s
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Lycopodiopsida]]
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}}
}}
|label2=[[euphyllophyteEuphyllophyta]]s
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Polypodiopsida]]
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|label1=[[Marattiidae]]
|1=[[Marattiales]]
|label2=[[Polypodiidae (plant)|Polypodiidae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Osmundales]]
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}}
}}
|2=[[spermatophytetumbuhan berbiji]]s
}}
}}
}}
 
Bangsa Polypodiales, yang sangat luas cakupannya, dibagi menjadi dua anakbangsa ditambah dengan suku yang tidak ditempatkan pada salah satu anakbangsa:<ref name=PPGI/>
The very large Bangsa Polypodiales was divided into two suborders, as well as Suku not placed in a suborder:<ref name=PPGI/>
{{clade
|label1=[[Polypodiales]]
|1={{clade
|1=Sukusuku [[Saccolomataceae]], [[Cystodiaceae]], [[Lonchitidaceae]], anddan [[Lindsaeaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=suku [[Pteridaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=suku [[Dennstaedtiaceae]]
|label2=eupolypods
|2={{clade
|1=Anakbangsaanakbangsa [[Aspleniineae]] (eupolypods II)
|2=Anakbangsaanakbangsa [[Polypodiineae]] (eupolypods I)
}}
}}
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}}
 
=== Klasifikasi hingga aras anaksuku ===
Sampai dengan aras anaksuku, klasifikasi PPG I adalah sebagai berikut.<ref name=PPGI/>
*Kelas [[Lycopodiopsida]] <small>Bartl.</small> (3 ordersBangsa, 3 Sukusuku, 18 marga)
::*Bangsa [[Lycopodiales]] <small>DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> (1 Sukusuku, 16 marga)
::::*Suku [[Lycopodiaceae]] <small>P.Beauv.</small> (16 marga)
:::::*Anaksuku [[Lycopodielloideae]] <small>W.H.Wagner & Beitel ex B.Øllg.</small> (4 marga)
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::*Bangsa [[Equisetales]] <small>DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> (1 Suku, 1 marga)
::::*Suku [[Equisetaceae]] <small>Michx. ex DC</small> (1 marga)
:*Anakkelas [[Ophioglossidae]] <small>Klinge</small> (2 ordersbangsa, 2 Suku, 12 marga)
::*Bangsa [[Psilotales]] <small>Prant</small> (1 Suku, 2 marga)
::::*Suku [[Psilotaceae]] <small>J.W.Griff. & Henfr.</small> (2 marga)
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::*Bangsa [[Marattiales]] <small>Link</small> (1 Suku, 6 marga)
::::*Suku [[Marattiaceae]] <small>Kaulf</small> (6 marga)
:*Anakkelas [[Polypodiidae (plant)|Polypodiidae]] <small>Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.</small> (7 ordersbangsa, 44 Suku, 300 marga)
::*Bangsa [[Osmundales]] <small>Link</small> (1 Sukusuku, 6 marga)
::::*Suku [[Osmundaceae]] <small>Martinov</small> (6 marga)
::*Bangsa [[Hymenophyllales]] <small>A.B.Frank</small> (1 Suku, 9 marga)
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:::::*Anaksuku [[Phegopteridoideae]] <small>Salino, A.R.Sm. & T.E.Almeid</small> (3 marga)
:::::*Anaksuku [[Thelypteridoideae]] <small>C.F.Reed</small> (27 marga)
:::*SuborderAnakbangsa [[Polypodiineae]] <small>Dumort.</small> (9 Suku, 108 marga)
::::*Suku [[Didymochlaenaceae]] <small>Ching ex Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang</small> (1 marga)
::::*Suku [[Hypodematiaceae]] <small>Ching</small> (2 marga)
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:::::*Anaksuku [[Elaphoglossoideae]] <small>(Pic.Serm.) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel</small> (11 marga)
:::::*Anaksuku [[Dryopteridoideae]] <small>Link</small> (6 marga)
:::::*2 marga nottidak assigneddimasukkan to apada anaksuku apapun.
::::*Suku [[Nephrolepidaceae]] <small>Pic.Serm.</small> (1 marga)
::::*Suku [[Lomariopsidaceae]] <small>Alston</small> (4 marga)
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:::::*Anaksuku [[Polypodioideae]] <small>Sweet</small> (9 marga)
:::::*Anaksuku [[Grammitidoideae]] <small>Parris & Sundue</small> (33 marga)
:::::*1 marga nottidak assigneddimasukkan to apada anaksuku apapun.
 
== Kontroversi tentang banyaknya marga ==
==Number of genera==
ThePPG numberI ofdikritik generakarena useddianggap interlalu PPGbanyak Imenggunakan hasnama provedgenus controversial.(337 PPGgenus, I usesdengan 18 lycophytegenus andlikofita dan 319 ferngenus generapaku).<ref name=PPGI/> TheDua earliersistem systemmoderen putsebelumnya forwardyang bydiajukan, Smithdan etsistem al.Christenhusz & Chase (20062014) hadmasing-masing suggestedmemberikan a274 rangesampai of312 274marga topaku 312diusulkan generaoleh forsistem fernsSmith aloneet al. (2006) <ref name=SmitPryeSchuKora06/> Bydan contrast,5 the system of Christenhusz & Chase (2014) used 5marga lycophytelikofita anddan aboutsekitar 212 fernmarga generapaku.<ref name=ChriChas14/> TheYang numberterakhir ofbahkan fernmengurangi generabanyaknya wasmarga furtherpaku reduced tomenjadi 207 in apada subsequentpublikasi publicationlanjutan.<ref name=ChriChas18/>
 
The number of genera used in each of these two approaches has been defended by their proponents. Defending PPG I, Schuettpelz et al. (2018) argue that the larger number of genera is a result of "the gradual accumulation of new collections and new data" and hence "a greater appreciation of fern diversity and [..] an improved ability to distinguish taxa". They also argue that the number of species per genus in the PPG I system is already higher than in other groups of organisms (about 33 species per genus for ferns as opposed to about 22 species per genus for [[flowering plant|angiosperms]]) and that reducing the number of genera as Christenhusz and Chase propose yields the excessive number of about 50 species per genus for ferns.<ref name=SchuRouhPryeRoth18/> In response, Christenhusz & Chase (2018) argue that the excessive splitting of genera destabilises the usage of names and will lead to greater instability in future, and that the highly split genera have few if any characters that can be used to recognize them, making identification difficult, even to generic level. They further argue that comparing numbers of species per genus in different groups is "fundamentally meaningless".<ref name=ChriChas18/>
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*[[List of fern families]] -->
 
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=ChriChas14>{{Citation |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J. M. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |date=2014 |title=Trends and concepts in fern classification |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=571–594 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct299 |lastauthoramp=yes |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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<ref name=ChriChas18>{{Citation |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J. M. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |date=2018 |title=PPG recognises too many fern genera |journal=Taxon |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=481–487 |doi=10.12705/673.2 |lastauthoramp=yes |doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229}}</ref>
 
<ref name=SchuRouhPryeRoth18>{{Citation |last1=Schuettpelz |first1=Eric |last2=Rouhan |first2=Germinal |last3=Pryer |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Rothfels |first4=Carl J. |last5=Prado |first5=Jefferson |last6=Sundue |first6=Michael A. |last7=Windham |first7=Michael D. |last8=Moran |first8=Robbin C. |last9=Smith |first9=Alan R. |date=2018 |title=Are there too many fern genera? |journal=Taxon |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=473–480 |doi=10.12705/673.1 |lastauthoramp=yes |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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}}
 
[[Kategori:Taksonomi tumbuhan]]
[[Category:Botany organizations]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan paku]]
[[Category:Plant taxonomy]]
[[Category:Taxonomy organizations]]
[[Category:Systems of plant taxonomy]]
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