Bifobia: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k ~ref |
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 |
||
| (1 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 13:
Bifobia dapat mengakibatkan orang-orang menganggap bahwa biseksualitas "tidaklah nyata", dengan menekankan bahwa orang yang ''mengaku'' biseksual tidaklah ''murni'' biseksual, atau bahwa fenomena biseksualitas lebih jarang terjadi daripada klaim yang ada. Salah satubentuk penyangkalan ini didasari pada pandangan [[Heteroseksisme|heteroseksis]] bahwa [[heteroseksualitas]] adalah satu-satunya orientasi seksual yang alami. Penyimpangan dianggap sebagai sebuah patologi psikologis atau sebuah [[perilaku antisosial]]. Dengan demikian, homofobia dan bifobia tidaklah banyak berbeda secara substansi.
Bentuk penyangkalan lainnya adalah berdasarkan pandangan biner akan seksualitas : bahwa semua orang dianggap [[Monoseksualitas|monoseksual]], atau dengan kata lain hanya [[gay]]/[[lesbian]] atau heteroseksual. Pada tahun 1980s, kajian modern terhadap seksualitas didominasi gagasan bahwa orientasi seksual yang sah hanyalah heteroseksualitas dan homoseksualitas, manakala biseksualitas dianggap sebagai "homoseksualitas kedua".<ref name="ProQuest">{{Cite book|date=2008-01-01|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=5iayOla-7qcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=%2522Managing+Heterosexism+and+Biphobia:+A+Black+Bisexual+Male+Perspective&ots=f6xf6Kx-0s&sig=U0rv73VAXngWQt2HeAaQ-u9ZBK0#v=onepage&q=%2522Managing%2520Heterosexism%2520and%2520Biphobia%253A%2520A%2520Black%2520Bisexual%2520Male%2520Perspective&f=false|title=Managing Heterosexism and Biphobia: A Revealing Black Bisexual Male Perspective|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9780549622482}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kaum biseksual dianggap sebagai orang-orang homoseksual yang tidak terang-terangan akan identitas mereka atau seseorang (baik gay/lesbian maupun heteroseksual) yang ingin bereksperimen secara seksual di luar seksualitas "biasanya".<ref>Michael Musto, April 7, 2009. [http://blogs.villagevoice.com/dailymusto/archives/2009/04/ever_meet_a_rea.php Ever Meet a Real Bisexual?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413152614/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/dailymusto/archives/2009/04/ever_meet_a_rea.php|date=April 13, 2010}}, ''The Village Voice''</ref><ref name="bisexual erasure">{{cite journal|last=Yoshino|first=Kenji|authorlink=Kenji Yoshino|date=January 2000|title=The Epistemic Contract of Bisexual Erasure|url=http://www.kenjiyoshino.com/articles/epistemiccontract.pdf|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|publisher=[[Stanford Law School]]|volume=52|issue=2|pages=353–461|doi=10.2307/1229482|jstor=1229482}}</ref><ref name="gold star">{{cite web|date=April 11, 2008|title=Why Do Lesbians Hate Bisexuals?|url=http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/community/why-do-lesbians-hate-bisexuals/|publisher=lesbilicious.co.uk|accessdate=March 26, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207232907/http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/why-do-lesbians-hate-bisexuals/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="bisexual workers">{{cite web|last=Geen|first=Jessica|date=October 28, 2009|title=Bisexual workers 'excluded by lesbian and gay colleagues'|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/10/28/bisexual-workers-excluded-by-lesbian-and-gay-colleagues|accessdate=March 26, 2011}}</ref> Pernyataan seperti "hanya ada orang gay, heteroseksual atau pembohong" merupakan pengejawantahan pandangan dikotomi akan orientasi seksual.<ref name="Dworkin">{{cite journal|author=Dworkin, SH|year=2001|title=Treating the bisexual client|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-psychology_2001-05_57_5/page/671|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology|volume=57|issue=5|pages=671–80|doi=10.1002/jclp.1036|pmid=11304706}}</ref>
Ada pula yang menerima keberadaan teoretis biseksualitas tetapi dengan pemahaman terbatas sebagai ketertarikan ''yang sama'' terhadap laki-laki dan perempuan.<ref name="Dworkin" /> Kaum biseksual yang tidak memiliki ketertarikan yang sama pada kedua gender dianggap sebagai homoseksual atau heteroseksual, tergantung pada tingkat preferensi mana yang lebih tinggi. Ada pula yang hanya mengakui bahwa perempuanlah yang dapat menjadi biseksual, dan menyangkal keberadaan lelaki biseksual.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Do Bisexual Men Really Exist?|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/do-bisexual-men-really-exist/|language=en|access-date=2017-02-12}}</ref>
Baris 36:
The mental and sexual health effects of biphobia on bisexual people are numerous. Studies show that bisexuals are often trapped in between the binaries of heterosexuality and homosexuality, creating a form of invalidation around their sexual identity. This often leads to recognized indicators of mental health issues such as low self-esteem and self-worth. These indicators and pressures to "choose" a [[sexual identity]] can, in many cases, lead to [[depression (mood)|depression]] as they may feel they live in a culture that does not recognize their existence.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Individual and Social Factors Related to Mental Health Concerns among Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States|journal = Journal of bisexuality|date = 2012-01-01|issn = 1529-9716|pmc = 3383005|pmid = 22745591|pages = 223–245|volume = 12|issue = 2|first = Brian|last = Dodge|first2 = Phillip W.|last2 = Schnarrs|first3 = Michael|last3 = Reece|first4 = Omar|last4 = Martinez|first5 = Gabriel|last5 = Goncalves|first6 = David|last6 = Malebranche|first7 = Barbara|last7 = Van Der Pol|first8 = Ryan|last8 = Nix|first9 = J. Dennis|last9 = Fortenberry|doi=10.1080/15299716.2012.674862}}</ref>
While doing research on sexual tendencies of women who have sex with women, one study, from the ''Journal of Bisexuality,'' concluded that bisexual women are more likely to engage in various high risk behaviors and were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Sexual and drug-use risk factors for HIV and STDs: a comparison of women with and without bisexual experiences.|url = http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.89.12.1841|journal = American Journal of Public Health|pages = 1841–1846|volume = 89|issue = 12|doi = 10.2105/ajph.89.12.1841|first = V|last = Gonzales|first2 = K M|last2 = Washienko|first3 = M R|last3 = Krone|first4 = L I|last4 = Chapman|first5 = E M|last5 = Arredondo|first6 = H J|last6 = Huckeba|first7 = A|last7 = Downer}}</ref> These behaviors have been attributed to the unlikeliness of bisexuals to discuss their sexuality and proper protection with health professionals for fear of judgement or discrimination, leaving them uneducated.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/12-054_LGBTHealtharticle_v3_07-09-12.pdf|title = Improving the Health Care of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People: Understanding and Eliminating Health Disparities|last = Makadon MD|first = Harvey J|date = 2012-07-09|journal = Fenway Institute|doi = |pmid = |access-date = |last2 = Ard MD, MPH|first2 = Kevin L|publisher = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services|archive-date = 2018-08-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180820115858/http://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/12-054_LGBTHealtharticle_v3_07-09-12.pdf|dead-url = yes}}</ref>
== Perspektif interseksional ==
| |||