Persamaan fungsional Cauchy: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Persamaan fungsional Cauchy''' adalah [[persamaan fungsional]] dari [[kebebasan linear]]:
:<math> f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y). \ </math>
Solusi untuk ini disebut [[peta aditif
* <math> f </math> adalah [[fungsi kontinu
* <math> f </math> adalah [[fungsi monotonik
* <math>f</math> adalah [[fungsi terikat
* <math> f </math> adalah [[Lebesgue terukur]].
Di sisi lain, jika tidak ada kondisi lebih lanjut yang diberlakukan <math>f</math>, kemudian (dengan asumsi [[aksioma pilihan]]) ada banyak fungsi lain yang memenuhi persamaan tersebut. Ini dibuktikan pada tahun 1905 oleh [[Georg Hamel]] menggunakan [[basis Hamel]]. Fungsi semacam itu terkadang disebut '' Fungsi Hamel''.<ref>Kuczma (2009), p.130</ref>
[[Masalah kelima Hilbert
== Solusi atas bilangan rasional ==
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== Properti solusi linier atas bilangan real ==
Kami membuktikan di bawah bahwa solusi lain harus memiliki fungsi [[Patologis (matematika)
kami menunjukkan bahwa solusi lain harus memiliki properti yang grafik <math>y = f(x)</math> adalah
[[himpunan padat
kecil) berisi titik dari grafik. Dari sini mudah untuk membuktikan berbagai kondisi
diberikan di paragraf pengantar.
Baris 99 ⟶ 101:
== Adanya solusi nonlinear atas bilangan riil ==
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The linearity proof given above also applies to <math>f:\alpha \mathbb{Q}\to\mathbb{R}</math>, where <math>\alpha\mathbb{Q}</math> is a scaled copy of the rationals. This shows that the only linear solutions are permitted when the domain of <math>f</math> is restricted to such sets. Thus, in general, we have <math>f(\alpha q)=f(\alpha)q</math> for all <math>\alpha\in \mathbb{R},\ q\in\mathbb{Q}</math>. However, as we will demonstrate below, highly pathological solutions can be found for functions <math>f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}</math> based on these linear solutions, by viewing the reals as a vector space over the field of rational numbers. Note, however, that this method is nonconstructive, relying as it does on the existence of a [[Basis (linear algebra)|(Hamel) basis]] for any vector space, a statement proved using [[Zorn's lemma]]. (In fact, the existence of a basis for every vector space is logically equivalent to the [[axiom of choice]].)
To show that solutions other than the ones defined by <math>f(x)=f(1)x</math> exist, we first note that because every vector space has a basis, there is a basis for <math> \mathbb{R}</math> over the field <math>\mathbb{Q}</math>, i.e. a set <math>\mathcal{B} \sub \mathbb{R}</math> with the property that any <math> x\in\mathbb{R}</math> can be expressed uniquely as <math display="inline"> x= \sum_{i\in I}{ \lambda_i x_i }</math>, where <math>\{ x_i \}_{i\in I}</math> is a finite subset of <math>\mathcal{B}</math> (i.e., <math>|I|<\aleph_0</math>), and each <math>\lambda_i\in\mathbb{Q}</math>. We note that because no explicit basis for <math> \mathbb{R}</math> over <math>\mathbb{Q}</math> can be written down, the pathological solutions defined below likewise cannot be expressed explicitly.
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* Solution to the Cauchy Equation [http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~useminar/cauchy.pdf Rutgers University]
* [http://cofault.com/2010/01/hunt-for-addictive-monster.html The Hunt for Addi(c)tive Monster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929224338/http://www.cofault.com/2010/01/hunt-for-addictive-monster.html |date=2011-09-29 }}
*{{cite web | url=https://math.stackexchange.com/q/423492 | title=Overview of basic facts about Cauchy functional equation | website=StackExchange | date=2013| accessdate=20 December 2015 | author = Martin Sleziak |display-authors=etal}}
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