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{{Infobox Person
|name = James Hudson Taylor
|image = J Hudson Taylor 1865.jpg
|caption = Misionari ke China
|image_size = 200px
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1832|05|21}}
|birth_place = [[Barnsley]], [[Yorkshire]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1905|06|3|1832|05|21}}
|death_place = [[Changsha]], [[Hunan]], China
|education = [[Royal College of Surgeons of England|Royal College of Surgeons]]
|title = [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|MRCS]] [[FRGS]]
|spouse = [[Maria Jane Taylor]]<br />([[née]] Dyer);<br />[[Jennie Faulding Taylor|Jennie Taylor]]<br />([[née]] Faulding)
|parents = James Taylor<br />Amelia Hudson
}}
'''James Hudson Taylor''' (Tionghoa: '''戴德生''') (21 Mei 1832 - 3 Juni 1905), adalah [[misionaris]] [[Protestan]] asal Inggris, dan pendiri [[China Inland Mission]] (CIM) (sekarang [[OMF International]]). Taylor menghabiskan 51 tahun di Cina, dan mampu berkhotbah dalam beberapa jenis bahasa Tionghoa, di antaranya [[Mandarin]], [[Chaozhou]], dan [[dialek Wu]] dari Shanghai dan Ningbo. Yang terakhir ini ia menguasainya dengan cukup baik untuk membantunya menyusun edisi bahasa sehari-hari dari Perjanjian Baru.<ref>{{cite book|last = Christian Literature Society for China|year = 1911|title = [http://www.archive.org/download/chinamissionyear02unknuoft/chinamissionyear02unknuoft.pdf The China Mission Year Book]|publisher = Christian Literature Society for China|location = Shanghai}} pp. 281-282</ref>
== Kronologi ==
'''Lahir sampai usia 21 1832-1853'''
* '''Lahir tanggal 21 Mei 1832''' di Barnsley, Inggris
* '''Masuk menjadi orang Kristen''' Juni 1849 di Barnsley
* Mulai studi kedokteran, dengan harapan akan pergi ke Tiongkok, Mei 1850 di [[Kingston upon Hull]]
* Dibaptis tahun 1851 di Kingston upon Hull
* Pindah tanggal 2 September 1852 ke London
'''Kunjungan pertama di Tiongkok 1854'''
* '''Berlayar ke Tiongkok naik kapal "Dumfries" sebagai agen dari [[Chinese Evangelisation Society]]''' 19 September 1853 dari [[Liverpool]], Lancashire, Inggris
* Kapal Dumfries tiba tanggal 1 Maret 1854 di Shanghai, Tiongkok
* Tujuh bulan bersama [[William Chalmers Burns]] 1855–1856
* Berlayar ke [[Shantou]] (Swatow), [[Guangdong]], Tiongkok naik kapal "Geelong" 12 Maret 1856
* Pindah pada bulan Oktober 1856 ke [[Ningbo]], [[Zhejiang]], Tiongkok
<!--*Resigned from the Chinese Evangelisation Society June 1857 in Ningbo
*Ningbo Mission started after June 1857 in Ningbo-->
* Menikah dengan Maria Jane Dyer, 20 Januari 1858 di Presbyterian Compound, Ningbo
* Grace Dyer Taylor lahir tanggal 31 Juli 1859 di Ningbo Mission House<!--
*Undertook charge of William Parker's hospital with Maria, September 1859 outside Salt Gate, Ningbo
*Makes first appeal to England for helpers 16 January 1860 in Ningbo
-->
'''Tinggal di London 1860-1866'''
* '''Berlayar ke Inggris''' (melalui [[Tanjung Harapan Baik]]) dalam masa liburan naik kapal "Jubliee"<!--Jubliee adalah ejaan yang tepat (bukan Jubilee)--> bersama Maria, Grace dan Wang Laijun, 19 Juli 1860 dari Shanghai. The Jubliee tiba tanggal 20 November 1860 di Gravesend, Inggris
* Menetap sejak tanggal 20 November 1860 di 63 Westbourne Grove, [[Bayswater]], London
* Menyelesaikan revisi [[Perjanjian Baru]] dalam bahasa sehari-hari Ningbo untuk [[British and Foreign Bible Society]] 1860–1865
* Herbert Hudson Taylor lahir tanggal 3 April 1861 di 63 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London
* Pindah setelah tanggal 9 April 1861 ke 1 Beaumont Street, London
<!--*Earned diploma of Member of the Royal College of Surgeons 1862 in [[Royal London Hospital]], London-->
* Frederick Howard Taylor lahir tanggal 25 November 1862 di 1 Beaumont Street, London
* Samuel Dyer Taylor lahir tanggal 24 Juni 1864 di Barnsley, Yorkshire
* Pindah tanggal 6 Oktober 1864 ke 30 Coborn Street, London
* The China Inland Mission didirikan tanggal 25 Juni 1865 di [[Brighton]] Beach, Sussex
* ''[[Wikisource:China's Spiritual Need and Claims|China's Spiritual Need and Claims]]'' diterbitkan, Oktober 1865 di London
* Occasional Paper of the China Inland Mission Number 1 diterbitkan, 12 Maret 1866 di London
'''Kunjungan ke-2 di Tiongkok 1866-1871'''
* '''Berlayar ke Tiongkok''' (lewat Tanjung Harapan Baik) naik kapal Lammermuir bersama Maria dan empat anak mereka, 26 Mei 1866 dari [[East India Docks]], London Kapal Lammermuir tiba tanggal 29 September 1866 di Shanghai, Tiongkok
* Settled with the [[Lammermuir Party]], December 1866 in 1 Xin Kai Long (New Lane), [[Hangzhou]], Zhejiang
* Maria Hudson Taylor lahir tanggal 3 February 1867 in 1 Xin Kai Long (New Lane), Hangzhou
* Daughter Grace Dyer Taylor died 23 August 1867 di a temple at Pengshan, near Hangzhou
* Survived riot with Maria, 22 August 1868 di Yangzhou
* Charles Edward Taylor born 29 November 1868 di Yangzhou
* Entered into "The Exchanged Life": — "God has made me a new man!" 4 September 1869-->
* Putranya, Samuel Dyer Taylor, meninggal tanggal 4 Februari 1870 di atas sebuah perahu di [[Yangtze River]] dekat [[Zhenjiang]]
* Noel Taylor lahir tanggal 7 July 1870 di Zhenjiang
* Son Noel meninggal 13 hari setelah lahir tanggal 20 July 1870 di Zhenjiang
* Maria Jane Dyer meninggal tanggal 23 Juli 1870 di Zhenjiang
'''Liburan dan pernikahan ke-2 1871-1872'''
* Berlayar ke [[Marseilles]] dalam liburan melalui [[Saigon]], [[Sri Langka]], [[Aden]], [[Suez]] naik kapal MM Ava setelah 5 Agustus 1871 dari Guangzhou, Guangdong, Tiongkok. Tiba di Inggris 25 September 1871 dari Marseilles, Prancis (lewat Paris ke London)
* Menikah dengan Jane Elizabeth Faulding, 28 November 1871 di [[Regent's Park Chapel]], London
* Pindah tanggal 15 Januari 1872 ke 6 Pyrland Road, Islington, London
'''Kunjungan ke-3 di Tiongkok 1872 to 1874'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok naik kapal [[M M Tigre]] bersama Jennie, 9 Oktober 1872 dari Marseilles, Prancis (lewat Paris dari London). M M Tigre tiba tanggal 28 November 1872 di Shanghai, Tiongkok
* Putra (kembar) Taylor lahir tanggal 13 April 1873 di [[Nanjing]], [[Jiangsu]], Tiongkok
* Putri (kembar) Taylor lahir tanggal 14 April 1873 di Nanjing, Jiangsu, Tiongkok
* Jatuh dari tangga pada kapal sungai dan tulang belakangnya terluka tanggal pada bulan Mei 1874 di Tiongkok
'''Berobat di Inggris 1874-1876'''
* Berlayar ke Inggris dalam masa liburan bersama Jennie, 30 Agustus 1874. Tiba tanggal 15 Oktober 1874 di Inggris
* Mengalami paralisis selama musim dingin 1874–1875 di London
* '''"An appeal for eighteen workers" diterbitkan pada bulan Januari 1875 di London'''
* Ernest Hamilton Taylor born 7 January 1875 in 2 Pyrland Road, Islington
* ''"[https://archive.org/details/chinasmillions00tayl China's Millions]"'' Vol. 1, No. 1, diterbitkan Juli 1875 di London
* Amy H. Taylor born 7 April 1876 in Islington
'''Kunjungan ke-4 di Tiongkok 1876-1877'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok 8 September 1876. Tiba tanggal 22 Oktober 1876 di Tiongkok
<!--*General Missionary Conference 10 May 1877 in Shanghai, Tiongkok
*Sailed to England 9 November 1877. Arrived 20 December 1877 in England-->
'''Kunjungan ke-5 di Tiongkok 1879-1883'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok 24 Februari 1879. Tiba tanggal 22 April 1879 di Tiongkok
<!--*First visit August 1880 in [[Guangxin River]], [[Jiangxi]]
*Leaves for England 6 February 1883 in [[Yantai]] (Chefoo)
*Sailed to England on furlough 10 February 1883. Arrived 27 March 1883 in England-->
'''Kunjungan ke-6 di Tiongkok 1885-1888'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok 20 Januari 1885. Tiba tanggal 3 Maret 1885 di Tiongkok
<!--*Second visit May 1886 in Guangxin (Kwangsin) River, Jiangxi
*Pastor Hsi set apart 5 August 1886 in Shanxi
*'''First meeting of China Council, Appeal for "[[The Hundred missionaries]]" 13 November 1886 di China'''
*Sailed to England 9 January 1887. Arrived 18 February 1887 in England
*Addressed the [[Keswick Convention]] after February 1887 in Keswick, England
*Sailed to US aboard the [[RMS Etruria]] 23 June 1888. Arrived 1 July 1888 in New York City, attended [[Niagara Bible Conference]] and crossed the continent on the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]].-->
'''Kunjungan ke-7 di Tiongkok 1888-1889'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok dari Vancouver, Kanada lewat Yokohama, Jepang 5 Oktober 1888. Tiba tanggal 30 Oktober 1888 di Shanghai, Tiongkok
<!--*Sailed to England via France 12 April 1889. Tiba di England 21 May 1889
*Arrived 6 July 1889 in New York City
*Sailed to England 17 August 1889. Arrived 24 August 1889 in England-->
* ''[http://www.worldinvisible.com/library/hudsontaylor/hudsontaylorv2/hudsontaylorv233.htm To Every Creature]'' diterbitkan Oktober 1889 di London
'''Kunjungan ke-8 di Tiongkok 1890-1892'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok 17 Maret 1890. Tiba 27 April 1890 in Shanghai, Tiongkok
<!--*Preached opening sermon at General Missionary Conference 7 May 1890 in Shanghai, Tiongkok
*'''Sailed to Australia 26 August 1890'''. Berlayar ke Tiongkok 20 November 1890. Tiba 21 December 1890 in Shanghai, Tiongkok
*Arrived with Jennie, March 1892 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
*Sailed to England via Canada with Jennie, 10 May 1892. Arrived with Jennie, 26 July 1892 in England
*Addressed the Keswick Convention 1893 in Keswick, England
*''Union and Communion'' published 1893 in England
*''[http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/biotaylor6.pdf A Retrospect]'' autobiography published 1894 di Inggris
*Provided testimony to the [[Royal Commission on Opium]] as an opponent of the trade. before 14 February 1894 in England-->
'''Kunjungan ke-9 di Tiongkok 1894-1897'''
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok melalui AS naik kapal [[SS Germanic (1875)|RMS Germanic]] bersama Jennie, 14 Februari 1894 dari Liverpool dan Queenstown, Inggris
<!--*Arrived aboard the RMS Germanic with Jennie, 24 February 1894 in Ellis Island, New York-->
* <!--Spoke at Students' Conference after 24 February 1894 in [[Detroit]], Michigan.--> Tiba bersama Jennie, 17 April 1894 in Shanghai, Tiongkok
<!--*Sailed aboard the Oceania (M. M. Oceanien?) with Jennie, 2 May 1896. Arrived, 17 June 1896 in England
*Addressed the Keswick Convention after 17 June 1896 in Keswick, England
*Putrinya, Maria Hudson Taylor, meninggal tanggal 28 September 1897 di [[Wenzhou]], Zhejiang, Tiongkok
*Sailed to US with Jennie, 24 November 1897. Arrived with Jennie, 18 December 1897 in US-->
* ''[[Wikisource:Separation and Service|Separation and Service]]'' diterbitkan tahun 1898 di Inggris
'''Kunjungan ke-10 di Tiongkok'''
* Tiba dengan Jennie, 15 Januari 1898 di Shanghai, Tiongkok
* ''[[Wikisource:A Ribband of Blue And Other Bible Studies|A Ribband of Blue, and other Bible Studies]]'' diterbitkan pada tahun 1899 di Inggris
* Konferensi, 16 Januari 1899 di [[Chongqing]], [[Sichuan]], Tiongkok
* Menghadiri pertemuan-pertemuan China Council 28 Juni 1899 di Shanghai
* Berlayar ke Australia, Selandia Baru, dan AS bersama Jennie, 25 September 1899. Tiba, 5 April 1900 di [[San Francisco]], AS
* Berpidato pada [[Ecumenical Missions Conference]] setelah 5 April 1900 di [[Carnegie Hall]], New York City
* Berlayar ke Inggris dari AS bersama Jennie, ketika Boxer Uprising dimulai di Tiongkok, 9 Juni 1900. Tiba, 19 Juni 1900 di Inggris
* Pensiun bersama Jennie, setelah 19 Juni 1900 di [[Davos]], Swiss
* '''Mengundurkan diri dari jabatan "Director of the China Inland Mission"''' November 1902
* Jane Elizabeth "Jennie" Faulding meninggal tanggal 31 Juli 1904 di [[Les Chevalleyres]], Swiss
'''Kunjungan ke-11 dan terakhir di Tiongkok'''
* Berlayar ke Amerika Serikat (New York City) naik kapal [[RMS Baltic]] 15 Februari 1905 dari Liverpool, Lancashire, England. Tiba pada bulan Maret 1905 di New York City
* Berlayar ke Tiongkok dari San Francisco, 23 Maret 1905. Tiba tanggal 17 April 1905 di Shanghai, Tiongkok.
* '''Meninggal pada tanggal 3 Juni 1905 di [[Changsha]], [[Hunan]], Tiongkok. Dimakamkan pada tanggal 9 Juni 1905 di Protestant Cemetery (sekarang tidak ada lagi) di [[Zhenjiang]], [[Jiangsu]], Tiongkok
'''Pemakaman ulang'''
* Jenazah dikebumikan ulang di suatu gereja lokal di Zhenjiang, setelah 28 Agustus 2013
== Karya ==
* ''Ah-lah kyiu-cü Yiæ-su Kyi-toh-go Sing Iah Shü: peng-veng fæn Nying-po t'u-wô. Feng p'in-tang-p'in: Yih-pin cü siang-te-go tsih-tsông.'' (''New Testament in the Ningbo Dialect. Part 1'') (1865)
* ''[[Wikisource:China's Spiritual Need and Claims|China's Spiritual Need and Claims]]'' (1865)<ref name="Taylor1865">{{cite book|author=James Hudson Taylor|title=China spiritual need and claims|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/China%27s_Spiritual_Need_and_Claims|year=1865|publisher=James Nisbet}}</ref>
* ''China & the Chinese'' an address to the Young (1865)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/chinasmillions00tayl China's Millions]''<ref>{{cite book|quote=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NmYQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=China's millions|volume=|author=China Inland Mission|year=1886|edition=|editor=J. Hudson Taylor|publisher=China Inland Mission|location=Hazell, Watson, and Viney, London and Aylesbury|page=|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>
* ''[http://www.whatsaiththescripture.com/Text.Only/pdfs/Union_And_Communion_Text.pdf Union & Communion]'' (1893)
* ''[http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/biotaylor6.pdf A Retrospect]'' (1894)
* ''[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100161283 After Thirty Years]'' (1895)
* ''[[Wikisource:Separation and Service|Separation and Service]]'' (1898)
* ''[[Wikisource:A Ribband of Blue And Other Bible Studies|A Ribband of Blue And Other Bible Studies]]'' (1899)
== Arsip ==
Tulisan-tulisan dan surat-surat yang berkaitan dengan James Hudson Taylor disimpan sebagai bagian koleksi "China Inland Mission" oleh "Archives of the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]]" di London.<ref>[http://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/ Arsip perpustakaan SOAS]</ref>
== Peninggalan ==
Biografi Hudson Taylor mengilhami sejumlah orang Kristen untuk mengikuti teladan pelayanan dan pengorbanannya. Beberapa contoh, termasuk: misionaris ke India [[Amy Carmichael]], peraih medali emas Olimpiade [[Eric Liddell]], misionaris dan martir abad ke-20 [[Jim Elliot]], pendiri Bible Study Fellowship [[Audrey Wetherell Johnson]], serta penginjil internasional [[Billy Graham]] dan [[Luis Palau]].
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Pustaka tambahan ==
* {{cite book|first = Evan|last = Davies|authorlink = Evan Davies (missionary)|year = 1846|title = The Memoir of Samuel Dyer: Sixteen Years Missionary to the Chinese|publisher = John Snow|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Dr. and Mrs. Howard|last = Taylor|authorlink = Frederick Howard Taylor|year = 1911|title = Hudson Taylor In Early Years; The Growth of a Soul|url = http://worldinvisible.com/library/hudsontaylor/hudsontaylorv1/hudsontaylorv1tc.htm|publisher = Morgan and Scott|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Dr. and Mrs. Howard|last = Taylor|authorlink = Frederick Howard Taylor|year = 1918|title = Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission; The Growth of a Work of God|url = http://worldinvisible.com/library/hudsontaylor/hudsontaylorv2/hudsontaylorv2tc.htm|publisher = Morgan and Scott|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1982|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Barbarians at the Gates|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1982|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Over The Treaty Wall|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1983|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: If I had A Thousand Lives|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1984|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Survivor's Pact|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1985|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century, Book Five: Refiner's Fire|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London }}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1986|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Assault On The Nine|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Alfred|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Alfred James Broomhall|year = 1989|title = Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: It Is Not Death To Die|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = Marshall|last = Broomhall|authorlink = Marshall Broomhall|year = 1901|title = Last Letters and Further Records of Martyred Missionaries of the China Inland Mission|url = http://www.archive.org/download/lastlettersfurth00unknuoft/lastlettersfurth00unknuoft.pdf|publisher = Morgan and Scott|location = London}}
* {{cite book|first = N. Gist|last = Gee|authorlink =|year = 1905|title = The Educational Directory for China|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PQcBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43&dq=china+inland+mission#PPR8,M1|publisher = Educational Association of China|location = Suzhou}}
* {{cite book|first = Roger|last = Steer|authorlink = Roger Steer|year = 1990|title = Hudson Taylor: A Man In Christ|publisher = Hodder and Stoughton|location = London}}
* {{cite book|last = Christian Literature Society for China|year = 1911|title = The China Mission Year Book|url = http://www.archive.org/download/chinamissionyear02unknuoft/chinamissionyear02unknuoft.pdf|publisher = Christian Literature Society for China|location = Shanghai}}
* {{cite book|first = James Hudson III|last = Taylor|authorlink = James Hudson Taylor III|year = 2005|title = Christ Alone: A Pictorial Presentation of Hudson Taylor's Life and Legacy|publisher = OMF Books|location = Hong Kong}}
* {{cite book|first = Ruth|last = Tucker|authorlink = Ruth A. Tucker|year = 1983|title = From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya: A Biographical History of Christian Missions|url = https://archive.org/details/fromjerusalemtoi0000tuck|publisher = Zondervan|location = Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn = 0-310-23937-0}}
* [[Historical Bibliography of the China Inland Mission]]
* ''According to your Faith,'' George Morrish, London, n.d.
* Hudson Taylor. ''Christian History & Biography'' #52.
* Petersen, William J. ''C. S. Lewis Had a Wife; Catherine Marshall Had a Husband.'' Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House, 1986. Has a chapter on Hudson Taylor's marriage.
* Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. Howard. J. ''Hudson Taylor; God's Man in China.'' Chicago: Moody Press, 1965.
* "Taylor, James Hudson." ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.'' Edited by F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone. Oxford, 1997.
* "Taylor, James Hudson." ''Biographical Dictionary of Evangelicals.'' Timothy Larsen, editor. Downers-Grove, Illinois: Intevarsity Press, 2003.
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikisourcepar|Author:J. Hudson Taylor|J. Hudson Taylor}}
{{wikiquotepar|James Hudson Taylor}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Taylor,+James+Hudson}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Hudson Taylor |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=1534}}
* [http://www.wholesomewords.org/biography/biorptaylor.html Christian Biography Resources]
* [http://www.spurgeon.org/s_and_t/totkc.htm Spurgeon's "Interviews with Three of the King's Captains"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608064808/http://www.spurgeon.org/s_and_t/totkc.htm |date=2007-06-08 }}
* [http://www.genealogy.com/users/y/o/r/Brian-York-Burnsville/?Welcome=1091209026 Genealogy.com: The family of James Hudson Taylor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212919/http://www.genealogy.com/users/y/o/r/Brian-York-Burnsville/?Welcome=1091209026 |date=2007-09-26 }}
* [http://www.hudsontaylorcentre.ca/?q=en/node/1 Hudson Taylor Centre for Chinese Ministries], [[Tyndale University College and Seminary]], Toronto, ON
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Taylor&GSiman=1&GScid=2511879&GRid=37625187& Hudson Taylor Grave]
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{{s-rel}}
{{s-bef|before=(none)}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director of the [[China Inland Mission]]
|years=1865–1900}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dixon Edward Hoste]]}}
{{end}}
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