Ivan Aivazovsky: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|image = Berkas:Aivazovsky - Self-portrait 1874.jpg
|image_size = 235px
|caption = Potret diri, 1874, minyak di atas kanvas, 74 × 58 cm, [[Uffizi]], [[Firenze]]<ref name="Pilikian"/><ref>{{cite web|title=И. К. Айвазовский. Автопортрет. 1874 [I. K. Aivazovsky. Self-Portrait. 1874]|url=http://www.smr.ru/centre/win/artists/aivaz/portret_aivaz_1.htm|publisher=Center of Spiritual Culture, [[:ru:Самарский государственный аэрокосмический университет|Leading and National Research Samara State Aerospace University]]|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319041734/http://www.smr.ru/centre/win/artists/aivaz/portret_aivaz_1.htm|archivedate=
|birth_date = Hovhannes Aivazian <small>(dibaptis)</small><br/>{{OldStyleDate|29 Juli|1817|17 Juli}}
|birth_place = [[Feodosia]], [[Kegubernuran Taurida|Taurida]], Kekaisaran Rusia (sekarang [[Krimea]], dipersengketakan oleh Ukraina dan Rusia){{efn|Semenanjung Krimea adalah bagian ''de jure'' dari Ukraina sebagai [[Republik Otonomi Krimea]], namun, wilayah tersebut secara ''de facto'' dikendalikan oleh Rusia sebagai [[Republik Krimea]].}}
Baris 11:
|field = [[Melukis]], [[menggambar]]
|training = [[Imperial Academy of Arts]]
|movement = [[Romantisisme]], [[Neoklasikisme#Menggambar dan membuat cetakan|Neoklasikisme]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Magie du paysage russe. Chefs-d'oeuvre de la Galerie nationale Trétiakov, Moscou|url=http://elisabeth.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/08/29/magie-du-paysage-russe-chefs-doeuvre-de-la-galerie-nationale-tretiakov-moscou/|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=29 August 2014|language=fr|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306114931/http://elisabeth.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/08/29/magie-du-paysage-russe-chefs-doeuvre-de-la-galerie-nationale-tretiakov-moscou/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|awards = ''[[#Pangkat dan penghargaan|lihat di bawah]]''
|spouse = Julia Graves (1848–77)<br />Anna Burnazian (1882–1900)
}}
{{Nama Slavik Timur|Konstantinovich|Aivazovsky}}
[[Berkas:Aivazovsky 1866 signature.png|
'''Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky''' ({{lang-ru|Ива́н Константи́нович Айвазо́вский}}, {{lang-hy|Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի ''Hovhannes Ayvazovski''}};{{efn|Hampi semua sumber Armenia, beberapa sumber Rusia<ref>[[Museum Negara Rusia]], dimana beberapa karyanya diteltakkan, menerbitkan sebuah album pada 2000 dengan judul "Hovhannes Aivazovsky"; lihat {{cite web|title=Publications / Catalogues and Albums / 2000/|url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/editions/catalog/2000/|publisher=The State Russian Museum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/
Setelah ia belajar di [[Imperial Academy of Arts]], Aivazovsky menjelajahi Eropa dan menjalani sebagian masa hidupnya di [[Italia]] pada awal
Sebagai salah satu [[daftar artis Rusia|artis Rusia]] paling berpengaruh pada masanya, Aivazovsky juga terkenal di luar Rusia. Ia mengadakan sejumlah [[pameran solo]] di Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Sepanjang kariernya yang berlangsung selama enam puluh tahun, ia membuat sekitar 6,000 lukisan,<ref name="Rogachevsky"/>{{sfn|Sarkssian|1963|p=26}} membuatnya menjadi artis paling berpenghasilan pada masanya.{{sfn|Leek|2012|p=178}}<ref name="Lang"/> Kebanyakan karyanya adalah [[pemandangan laut]], namun ia sering menggambar adegan-adegan pertempuran, tema-tema Armenia, dan portraiture. Sebagian besar Aivazovsky disimpan di museum-museum Rusia, Ukraina dan Armenia serta koleksi-koleksi pribadi.
== Biografi ==
[[Berkas:Aivazovsky sketch.jpg|
=== Latar belakang dan pendidikan ===
Ivan Aivazovsky lahir pada 17 Juli (29 dalam [[penanggalan Gaya Lama dan Gaya Baru|Gaya Baru]]) 1817 di kota [[Feodosia]], [[Krimea]], Kekaisaran Rusia.<ref name="Ghazarian"/> Dalam catatan baptis lokal Gereja Armenia St. Sargis, Aivazovsky didaftarkan sebagai '''Hovhannes, putra Gevorg Aivazian''' ({{lang-hy|Գէորգ Այվազեանի որդի Յօհաննեսն}}).{{sfn|Harutiunian|1965|p=89}} Pada saat ia belajar di [[Imperial Academy of Arts]], ia dikenal dalam pengejaan Rusia dengan sebutan '''Ivan Gaivazovsky''' (Иванъ Гайвазовскій dalam pengejaan pra-1918).<ref>{{cite book|last=Petrov|first=Pyotr|title=Указатель к Сборнику матеріалов для исторіи Императорской С.-Петербургской Академіи художеств за сто лѣт ея существованія [Indeks koleksi bahan-bahan sejarah Akademi Kesenian Kekaisaran St. Petersburg selama 100 tahun keberadaannya]|year=1887|publisher=[[:ru:Стасюлевич, Михаил Матвеевич|M. M. Stasulevich]]|location=St. Petersburg|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gQQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=%22%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%22&source=bl&ots=vp1E5n2MC1&sig=6xe3XUOCCwlUouN75rA9lVpumYM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hkKpUtPoFtSMkAfO_4CIBg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%22&f=false 51]|authorlink=:ru:Петров, Пётр Николаевич|language=ru}}</ref> Ia menjadi dikenal dengan sebutan Aivazovsky sejak {{circa|1840}}, ketika di Italia.{{sfn|Harutiunian|1965|p=93}} Ia menandatangani sebuah surat 1844 dengan versi di-[[Italianisasi]]-kan dari namanya: Giovani Aivazovsky.<ref>{{cite web|title=AIVAZOVKSY, Ivan (1817–1900). Autograph letter signed ('Giovani Aivazovsky') to Auguste Vecchy, St Petersburg, 28 August 1844, in eccentric Italian|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/books-manuscripts/aivazovksy-ivan-autograph-letter-signed-5625851-details.aspx|publisher=[[Christie's]]|accessdate=18 January 2014}}</ref>
Ayahnya, Konstantin, ({{circa|1765}}–1840),{{sfn|Mikaelian|1991|p=69}} adalah seorang pedagang Armenia dari wilayah [[Persemakmuran Polandia-Lithuania|Polandia]] [[Galisia (Eropa Timur)|Galisia]]. Keluarganya berpindah ke Eropa dari [[Turki Armenia]] pada abadk ke-18. Setelah sejumlah konflik, Konstantin meninggalkan Galisia untuk menuju ke [[Moldavia]], kemudian berpindah ke [[Bukovina]], sebelum bermukim di Feodosia pada awal
[[Berkas:Иван Константинович Айвазовский - Дом на ферме и Мельница в лунном свете (1863).jpg|
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 57:
<ref name="RusArtNet">{{cite web|title=Hovhannes Aivazovsky|url=http://www.rusartnet.com/biographies/russian-artists/19th-century/late-19th-century/national-romantic/hovhannes-aivazovsky|publisher=RusArtNet.com The Premier Site for Russian Culture|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319030156/http://www.rusartnet.com/biographies/russian-artists/19th-century/late-19th-century/national-romantic/hovhannes-aivazovsky|archivedate=18 December 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="rusmuseum.ru">{{cite web|title=Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817–1900)|url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhib/lenta/exhibition2000/exhibition636/|publisher=[[Russian Museum]]|accessdate=10 December 2013|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114324/http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhib/lenta/exhibition2000/exhibition636/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="athenaeum">{{cite web|title=Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovsky|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/people/detail.php?ID=2159|publisher=The Athenaeum: Interactive Humanities Online|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319030255/http://www.the-athenaeum.org/people/detail.php?ID=2159|archivedate=15 December 2013}}</ref>
Baris 75:
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|last=Newmarch|first=Rosa|title=The Russian Arts|url=https://books.google.am/books?id=oe4MAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194|year=1917|publisher=[[E. P. Dutton|E.P. Dutton & Company]]|location=New York|authorlink=Rosa Newmarch|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Adamian|first=A|title=Նոր վավերագրեր նկարիչ Հովհաննես Այվազովսկու մասին [New documentaries about the artist Hovhannes Ayvazovsky]|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1958|issue=11|pages=89–94|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/1666/|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|language=hy|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202142335/http://basss.asj-oa.am/1666/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sarkssian|first=M. S.|title=Հովհաննես Այվազովսկին և հայ մշակույթը [Hovhannes Ayvazovsky and Armenian Culture]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|year=1963|issue=4|pages=25–38|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/551/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Koorghinian|first=K. N.|title=Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի (Ծննդյան 150-ամյակի առթիվ) [Hovhannes Ayvazovsky]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|year=1967|issue=2–3|pages=187–194|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1067/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195353/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1067/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite journal|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/1151/|journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]]|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|title=Հովհ. Այվազովսկու տեղը և նշանակությունը հայ նկարչության մեջ [The Place and Importance of Aivazovsky in the History of the Armenian Painting of the 19th century]|last=Sarkissian|first=M.|year=1967|issue=10|pages=70–81|language=hy|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080907/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/1151/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite journal|last=Harutiunian|first=Gr.|title=Հովհաննես Այվազովսկու տոհմի ծագումնաբանությունը և ազգանվան փոփոխումը [Hovhannes Aivazovsky family genealogy and family name change]|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1965|issue=2|pages=89–94|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/2596/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202142332/http://basss.asj-oa.am/2596/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref={{harvid|Ghazarian|1974||pp=350–351}}|last=Ghazarian|first=Manya|encyclopedia=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]]|volume=1|language=hy|location=Yerevan|publisher=Armenian Encyclopedia|article=Այվազովսկի [Aivazovsky]|year=1974|pp=350–351}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sarkissian|first=M. S.|language=hy|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|title=Հովհաննես Այվազովսկու "Բայրոնի այցը Մխիթարյաններին Ս. Ղազար կղզում" նկարը [Hovhannes Aivazovsky's Painting "Byron's Arrival to Mekhitarists on the Island of St. Lazar".]|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4984/|issue=2|pages=224–226|issn=0135-0536|year=1988|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203126/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4984/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite journal|last=Mikaelian|first=V. A.|title=И. К. Айвазовский и его соотечественники [H. K. Ayvazovsky and his compatriots]|journal=Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri|year=1991|issue=1|pages=59–70|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/3201/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=ru|ISSN=0320-8117|ref=harv|access-date=2016-01-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193448/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/3201/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|title=Reception of Byron in Europe|last=Cardwell|first=Richard|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|location=London|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8264-6844-4|OCLC=646740691|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Bolton|first=Roy|title=Views of Russia & Russian Works on Paper|year=2010|publisher=Sphinx Fine Art|location=London|isbn=978-1-907200-05-2|ref=harv}}
Baris 105:
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.ru/ajvazovskij_ivan_konstantinovich.htm Russian Art Encyclopedia]
* [http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/list.php?s=yu&m=a&aid=2159 The Athenaeum]
* [http://oia.net/2013/12/17/ivan-aivazovskis-old-istanbul-paints/ Old Istanbul paints] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618150109/http://oia.net/2013/12/17/ivan-aivazovskis-old-istanbul-paints/ |date=2014-06-18 }} at [[Organization of Istanbul Armenians]]
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