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Baris 56:
Awdal (أودل) mengambil namanya dari Kesultanan Adal abad pertengahan (عَدَل), yang awalnya berpusat di Zeila.<ref name="Lewis15">{{cite book| last1 = Lewis| first1 = I. M.| title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa| date = 1999| publisher = LIT Verlag Münster| isbn = 978-3-8258-3084-7| page = 15| url = https://www.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false| access-date = 15 January 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150202012709/http://www.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false| archive-date = 2 February 2015| url-status = live}}</ref> Daerah di sepanjang perbatasan Ethiopia dipenuhi dengan reruntuhan kota, yang dijelaskan oleh penjelajah Inggris Richard F. Burton.<ref>Richard Burton, ''First Footsteps in East Africa'', 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 132. For a more recent description, see A. T. Curle, "The Ruined cities of Somalia", ''Antiquity'', 11 (1937), pp. 315-327</ref>
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Wilayah Awdal adalah tiga zona topografi yang berbeda: zona pesisir, pegunungan, dan dataran tinggi (Ogo). Mulai dari utara di sepanjang laut adalah zona pesisir. Zona pantai terdiri dari dataran berpasir yang membentang dari wilayah Sahil di timur hingga Djibouti di barat laut dan memanjang hingga 70-90 kilometer dari laut dan berada sekitar 600 meter di atas permukaan laut. Di sebelah zona pesisir adalah zona pegunungan. Secara geologis, sebagian besar wilayah Awdal terletak di Lempeng Arab.<ref>Bosellini, Alfonso. "The Continental Margins of Somalia: Structural Evolution and Sequence Stratigraphy: Chapter 11: African and Mediterranean Margins." (1992): 185-205.</ref>
Awdal sebagian besar dihuni oleh orang-orang dari kelompok etnis Somalia, dengan subklan Gadabuursi dari Dir yang dianggap sebagai klan dominan di wilayah tersebut.<ref>Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," {{URL|1=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol1/iss1/9|2=Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9}}, p. 132.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296|access-date=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans.}}</ref> Menurut laporan PBB yang diterbitkan oleh Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), menyatakan karena dominannya klan Gadabuursi, politik daerah Awdal hampir identik dengan urusan internal klan Gadabuursi.<ref>UN (1999) Somaliland: Update to SML26165.E of 14 February 1997 on the situation in Zeila, including who is controlling it, whether there is fighting in the area, and whether refugees are returning. "The Gadabuursi clan dominates Awdal region. As a result, regional politics in Awdal is almost synonymous with Gadabuursi internal clan affairs." p. 5.</ref>▼
== Pemerintahan ==
Ada juga minoritas yang cukup besar dari subklan Issa dari Dir yang sebagian besar mendiami distrik Zeila.<ref name="Janzen von Vitzthum Somali Studies International Association 2001 p. 132">{{cite book| last1= Janzen| first1= J.| last2= von Vitzthum| first2= S.| author3= Somali Studies International Association| title= What are Somalia's Development Perspectives?: Science Between Resignation and Hope? : Proceedings of the 6th SSIA Congress, Berlin 6-9 December 1996| publisher= Das Arabische Buch| series= Proceedings of the ... SSIA-Congress| year= 2001| isbn= 978-3-86093-230-8| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132| access-date= 20 July 2018| page= 132| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180720102419/https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132| archive-date= 20 July 2018| url-status= live| df= dmy-all▼
=== Distrik ===▼
}}</ref>▼
▲== Distrik ==
Wilayah Awdal terdiri dari empat distrik:<ref name="Awr"/>
Baris 69 ⟶ 67:
! Distrik !! Tingkat !! Ibu kota !! Catatan !! Lokasi
|-
| [[Distrik Borama|Borama]]
|-
| [[Distrik Zeila|Zeila]]
|-
| [[Distrik Lughaya|Lughaya]]
|-
| [[Distrik Baki|Baki]]
|-
|}
=== Kota terbesar ===
* [[Borama]]
* [[Baki, Awdal|Baki]]
* [[Lughaya]]
* [[Zeila]]
* [[Dilla]]
* [[Jarahorato]]
* [[Amud]]
* [[Abasa, Awdal|Abasa]]
* [[Fiqi Aadan]]
* [[Quljeed]]
* [[Boon, Awdal|Boon]]
* [[Harirad]]
* [[Lawyacado]]
== Demografi ==
▲Awdal sebagian besar dihuni oleh orang-orang dari kelompok etnis Somalia, dengan subklan Gadabuursi dari Dir yang dianggap sebagai klan dominan di wilayah tersebut.<ref>Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," {{URL|1=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol1/iss1/9|2=Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9}}, p. 132.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296|access-date=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans.}}</ref> Menurut laporan PBB yang diterbitkan oleh Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), menyatakan karena dominannya klan Gadabuursi, politik daerah Awdal hampir identik dengan urusan internal klan Gadabuursi.<ref>UN (1999) Somaliland: Update to SML26165.E of 14 February 1997 on the situation in Zeila, including who is controlling it, whether there is fighting in the area, and whether refugees are returning. "The Gadabuursi clan dominates Awdal region. As a result, regional politics in Awdal is almost synonymous with Gadabuursi internal clan affairs." p. 5.</ref>
▲Ada juga minoritas yang cukup besar dari subklan Issa dari Dir yang sebagian besar mendiami distrik Zeila.<ref name="Janzen von Vitzthum Somali Studies International Association 2001 p. 132">{{cite book| last1= Janzen| first1= J.| last2= von Vitzthum| first2= S.| author3= Somali Studies International Association| title= What are Somalia's Development Perspectives?: Science Between Resignation and Hope? : Proceedings of the 6th SSIA Congress, Berlin 6-9 December 1996| publisher= Das Arabische Buch| series= Proceedings of the ... SSIA-Congress| year= 2001| isbn= 978-3-86093-230-8| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132| access-date= 20 July 2018| page= 132| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180720102419/https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132| archive-date= 20 July 2018| url-status= live| df= dmy-all
▲}}</ref>
=== Agama ===
Orang Somalia telah menjadi Muslim selama lebih dari seribu tahun dan termasuk dalam cabang Islam Sunni.<ref>Religion and Endowment Sector [http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf "Ministry of National Planning and Development, Awdal p.32"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126135546/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf |date=26 January 2016 }}.</ref> Selain hukum adat, hukum Islam dipraktikkan dalam semua masalah peradilan dan sosial. Sejak rezim militer Sosialis mengambil alih kekuasaan pada tahun 1969, peran agama baik dalam urusan sosial maupun hukum sangat minim dan ditekan. Baru setelah runtuhnya Negara Sosialis Somalia pada tahun 1991, praktik Islam kembali menguat dimana anak-anak dikirim ke sekolah-sekolah Islam di Jazirah Arab. Agama Islam kemudian menjadi satu-satunya agama negara.<ref>Awdal Religion [http://www.undp.org/content/dam/somalia/docs/MDGs/Somaliland%20MDG%20Report%20First%20draft%20(2).pdf "Ministry of religion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210213148/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/somalia/docs/MDGs/Somaliland%20MDG%20Report%20First%20draft%20(2).pdf |date=10 December 2015 }}</ref>
== Ekonomi ==
Kegiatan ekonomi utama di wilayah ini adalah penggembala, pertanian, perikanan dan perdagangan.<ref>Economic Activities [http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf "Ministry of National Planning and Development, Awdal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126135546/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf |date=26 January 2016 }}.P.14</ref> Kegiatan ekonomi utama masyarakat pesisir adalah beternak unta, domba dan kambing. Penangkapan ikan tradisional dan kegiatan komersial skala kecil juga menjadi kegiatan ekonomi utama masyarakat di kota pesisir Lughaya dan Zeila.<ref>Regional Development planining, Awdal [http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf "Ministry of National Planning and Development, Awdal " P.15] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126135546/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Awdal%20.pdf |date=26 January 2016 }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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