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Pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox civilian attack
|title = Pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln
|partof =the [[AmericanPerang CivilSaudara WarAmerika]]
| image = Assassination of President = Lincoln assassination slide c1900 - Restoration.jpg
| caption = ''Pembunuhan Presiden Lincoln'' ([[Currier & Ives]], 1865), dari kiri ke kanan:= [[Mayor]]John [[HenryWilkes RathboneBooth]], [[Clara Harris]], [[Mary Todd Lincoln]],membunuh [[Abraham Lincoln]], dan pembunuhdi [[JohnTeater Wilkes BoothFord]]
|location = [[Ford'sTeater TheatreFord]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
|target = {{Plainlist|
*[[Abraham Lincoln]] (berhasil)
*[[Andrew Johnson]] (gagal)
*[[William H. Seward]] (gagal)
}}
|type = {{Flatlist|
Baris 19:
|timezone = Waktu Standar Timur
|weapons = {{Flatlist|
*Pistol [[Philadelphia DeringerDerringer]]
* Belati
}}
Baris 27:
|motive =
}}
[[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Abraham Lincoln|ke-16]], [[pembunuhan|dibunuh]] oleh [[John Wilkes Booth]] pada [[Jumat Agung]], [[14 April|14 April 1865]], saat menghadiri drama ''[[Our American Cousin]]'' di [[Teater Ford's Theatre]], [[Washington, D.C.]], saat [[Perang Saudara Amerika]] menjelang akhir.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.nhpr.org/node/15187 |title=Good Friday, 1865: Lincoln's Last Day |publisher=''The NHPR Staff'' |date=February 18, 2008 |accessdate=January 11, 2014 |archive-date=2017-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023308/http://info.nhpr.org/node/15187 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pembunuhan tersebut terjadi lima hari setelah komandan Tentara Negara-negara Terkonfederasi|Konfederasi]] [[Tentara Virginia Utara]], [[Jenderal]] [[Robert E. Lee]], [[Pertempuran Appomattox Court House#Penyerahan|menyerah]] kepada [[Letnan Jenderal]] [[Ulysses S. Grant]] dan [[Tentara Potomac]].
 
Lincoln adalah presiden Amerika Serikat ketiga yang wafat saat menjabat, dan yang pertama dari empat yang dibunuh, yaitu [[Pembunuhan James A. Garfield|James A. Garfield]], [[Pembunuhan William McKinley|William McKinley]] dan [[Pembunuhan John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr14.html |title=Lincoln Shot at Ford's Theater}}</ref> Sebuah [[Andrew Jackson#Serangan dan upaya pembunuhan|upaya]] gagal dibuat terhadap [[Andrew Jackson]] pada 30 tahun sebelumnya, pada 1835, dan Lincoln sendiri telah menjadi subyek dari sebuah upaya pembunuhan terdahulu oleh seorang penyerang tak dikenal pada Agustus 1864. Pembunuhan Lincoln direncanakan dan dilakukan oleh aktor panggung terkenal [[John Wilkes Booth]], sebagai bagian dari sebuah konspirasi besar dalam sebuah tawaran untuk membangkitkan sebab [[Negara-negara Terkonfederasi Amerika|Konfederasi]]
 
Para konspirator dari Booth adalah [[Lewis Powell (konspirator)|Lewis Powell]] dan [[David Herold]], yang ditugaskan untuk membunuh [[Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat|Sekretaris Negara]] [[William H. Seward]], dan [[George Atzerodt]], yang ditugaskan untuk membunuh [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat|Wakil Presiden]] [[Andrew Johnson]]. Dengan menyingkirkan tiga orang papan atas dalam pemerintahan tersebut, Booth dan para konspiratornya berharap bisa mengganggu pemerintahan Amerika Serikat.
 
Saat Presiden sedang menonton drama, Booth menembak Lincoln dari belakang dengan jarak tiga atau empat kaki,<ref name="Abel">{{cite book|last1=Abel|first1=E. Lawrence|title=A Finger in Lincoln's Brain: What Modern Science Reveals about Lincoln, His Assassination, and Its Aftermath|date=2015|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ax0UBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=March 14, 2017|quote=Forensic evidence clearly indicates Booth could not have fired at point-blank range. ... At a distance of three or more feet, the gunshot would not leave any stippling or any other resides on the surface of Lincoln's head. ... Dr. Robert Stone, the Lincoln's' family physician, was explicit: "The hair or scalp (on Lincoln's head) was not in the least burn[t]."}}</ref> menyerangnya di bagian belakang kepalanya. Pada pukul 7:22&nbsp;a.m. keesokan harinya, Lincoln wafat di [[Petersen House]] di seberang jalan dari teater tersebut.<ref name = "Heritage">{{cite journal|title=How Did Lincoln Die?|journal=American Heritage|date=February–March 1995|volume=46|issue=1|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/how-did-lincoln-die?page=show|author=Richard A. R. Fraser, MD}}</ref> Sisa rencana para konspiratornya gagal; Powell hanya melukai Seward, sementara Atzerodt, yang akan membunuh Johnson, hilang rimbanya dan kabur. Booth melakukan pelarian dramatis, yang menyebabkan pemburuan manusia yang berakhir dengan kematiannya. Beberapa konspirator lainnya kemudian diadili dan digantung. [[Pemakaman dan penguburan Abraham Lincoln]] menjadi masa berkabung nasional.
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=}}
<ref name=bishop>[[Jim Bishop|Bishop, Jim]]. ''The Day Lincoln Was Shot''. Harper, New York, 1955. {{OCLC|2018636}}</ref>
<ref name=jampoler>[[Andrew C. A. Jampoler|Jampoler, Andrew]]. ''The Last Lincoln Conspirator: John Surratt's Flight from the Gallows''. Naval Institute Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59114-407-6</ref>
<ref name=goodwin>[[Doris Kearns Goodwin|Goodwin, Doris Kearns]]. ''Team of Rivals: the political genius of Abraham Lincoln''. Simon and Schuster, New York, 2005. ISBN 978-0-684-82490-1</ref>
<ref name=guelzo>[[Allen C. Guelzo|Guelzo, Allen C.]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=L7ZDo_sjOFMC&printsec=frontcover ''Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President'']. Library of Religious Biography. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2002. ISBN 978-0-8028-4293-0</ref>
<ref name=harris>Harris, Thomas M., ''Brig. Gen.''. Rome's [''i.e.'' the Vatican's] Responsibility for the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Petersburg, Ohio: Pilgrim Brethren Press, 1897. Without ISBN</ref>
<ref name=kauffman>{{cite book |last=Kauffman |first=Michael W. |title=American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies |year=2004 |publisher=Random House | location=New York | isbn=978-0-375-50785-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86RH6NNCl0QC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=kunhardtdorothy>[[Dorothy Kunhardt|Kunhardt, Dorothy Meserve]], and Kunhardt Jr., Phillip B. ''Twenty Days''. Castle Books, 1965. ISBN 1-55521-975-6</ref>
<ref name=kunhardtlincoln>Kunhardt Jr., Phillip B., Kunhardt III, Phillip, and [[Peter Kunhardt|Kunhardt, Peter W.]] ''Lincoln: An Illustrated Biography''. Gramercy Books, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-517-20715-X</ref>
<ref name=larson>[[Kate Clifford Larson|Larson, Kate]]. ''The Assassin's Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln''. Basic Books, 2008. ISBN 978-0-465-03815-2</ref>
<ref name=sandburg>[[Carl Sandburg|Sandburg, Carl]]. ''Abraham Lincoln: The War Years IV''. Harcourt, Brace & World, 1936. {{OCLC|46381986}}</ref>
<ref name=serup>[[Paul Serup|Serup, Paul]]. ''Who Killed Abraham Lincoln?: An investigation of North America's most famous ex-priest's assertion that the Roman Catholic Church was behind the assassination of America's greatest President''. Salmova Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9811685-0-0</ref>
<ref name=steers>[[Edward Steers, Jr.|Steers, Edward]]. ''Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln''. University Press of Kentucky, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8131-9151-5</ref>
<ref name=swanson>Swanson, James. ''Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer''. Harper Collins, 2006. ISBN 978-0-06-051849-3</ref>
<ref name=vowell>[[Sarah Vowell|Vowell, Sarah]]. ''Assassination Vacation''. Simon and Schuster, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-6003-1</ref>
}}
 
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* Hodes, Martha. ''Mourning Lincoln'' (Yale University Press, 2015) x, 396 pp.
* [[Benjamin King (author)|King, Benjamin]]. ''A Bullet for Lincoln'', Pelican Publishing, 1993. ISBN 0-88289-927-9
* [[John Lattimer|Lattimer, John]]. ''Kennedy and Lincoln, Medical & Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations''. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York. 1980. ISBN 978-0-15-152281-1 [includes description and pictures of Seward's jaw splint, not a neck brace]
* [[Edward Steers Jr.|Steers Jr., Edward]], and [[Harold Holzer|Holzer, Harold]], eds. ''The Lincoln Assassination Conspirators: Their Confinement and Execution, as Recorded in the Letterbook of John Frederick Hartranft''. Louisiana State University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8071-3396-5
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070524121308/http://www.law.uga.edu/academics/profiles/wilkes.html Donald E. Wilkes, Jr.], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215215300/http://www.law.uga.edu/dwilkes_more/other_6Lincoln1.html Lincoln Assassinated!], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120427013654/http://www.law.uga.edu/dwilkes_more/other_7Lincoln2.html Lincoln Assassinated!, Part 2].
* {{cite journal| url= http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21648528-our-coverage-death-american-president-assassination-mr-lincoln | title= The assassination of Mr Lincoln | date= April 29, 1865 | journal= [[The Economist]]| volume= XXIII | issue=1,131| editor1-last =Bagehot | editor1-first= Walter | editor1-link= Walter Bagehot}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Assassination of Abraham Lincoln}}
* [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?doctor-of-abraham-lincoln-obervation-of-presidents-last-hours-alive-and-postmortem Abraham Lincoln's Physician's Observation and Postmortem Reports: Original Documentation]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Shapell Manuscript Foundation
* [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?earliest-first-responder-report-doctor-leale-abraham-lincoln-fords-theatre-assassination First Responder Dr. Charles Leale Eyewitness Report of Assassination]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alrintr.html Lincoln Papers: Lincoln Assassination: Introduction]
* [http://www.footnote.com/viewer.php?image=6390472 Original Documents Online: Lincoln Assassination Papers]
* [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?ticket-for-fords-theatre-april-1865-night-of-lincoln-assassination April 14th, 1865, Ford's Theatre Ticket]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/foth/index.htm Ford's Theatre National Historic Site]
* [http://rogerjnorton.com/Lincoln.html Abraham Lincoln's Assassination]
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/lincoln/ Abraham Lincoln: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.geh.org/ne/str115/htmlsrc/lincoln_sum00001.html Lincoln Conspiracy Photograph Album at George Eastman museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028074301/http://www.geh.org/ne/str115/htmlsrc/lincoln_sum00001.html |date=2008-10-28 }}
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/41362/the-men-who-killed-lincoln The Men Who Killed Lincoln] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516112620/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/41362/the-men-who-killed-lincoln |date=2010-05-16 }}&nbsp;– slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=450/ The Lincoln Assassination: New research unravels old myths]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=308/ Mary Eugenia Surratt (1823–1865)]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=119/ Civil War Sites in Maryland]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=290/ On this date: April 24, 1865 Hancock issues proclamation]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=293/ On this day: April 26, 1865 John Wilkes Booth Killed!]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=314/ Lincoln Assassination Books]
* [http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=287/ Frederick A. Aiken Biography]
* [http://www.samuelmudd.com Dr. Samuel A. Mudd Research Site]
 
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