Kerusuhan anti-Sikh 1984: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| date = 31 Oktober 1984 − 3 November 1984

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| fatalities = 2,.700–20,.000<ref name="Deol2000">{{cite book|last=Deol|first=Harnik|title=Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wKRP1-H8T8AC|accessdate=22 July 2011|year=2000|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415201087|page=109}}</ref>

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'''Pembunuhan massal anti-Sikh 1984 / Genosida'''<ref name="toiprog">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1353464.cms State pogroms glossed over]. [[The Times of India]]. 31 December 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/09sikh.htm |title=Anti-Sikh riots a pogrom: Khushwant |publisher=Rediff.com |accessdate=23 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="2009BBCremember">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8306420.stm|title=Indira Gandhi's death remembered|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|date=1 November 2009|publisher=BBC|quote=The 25th anniversary of Indira Gandhi's assassination revives stark memories of some 3,000 Sikhs killed brutally in the orderly pogrom that followed her killing|accessdate=2 November 2009| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20091102113639/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8306420.stm| archivedate= 2 November 2009 <!-11-DASHBot-->02| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcactive.com/BroadCastLearning/asp/catalogue/productdetail.asp?productcode=22026|title=The Assassinations of Indira & Rajiv Gandhi|last=Nugus|first=Phillip|date=Spring 2007|publisher=BBC Active|accessdate=23 July 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> atau '''Pembantaian Sikh 1984''' adalah kekerasan empat hari di [[India Utara]], khususnya [[Delhi]], di mana massa bersenjata (khususnya anggota kongres) menyerang [[Sikh]] & harta mereka dalam menanggapi pembunuhan Perdana Menteri [[Indira Gandhi]] oleh pengawalnya Sikh. [[Biro Pusat Investigasi|CBI]] mengatakan bahwa rencana baik diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah saat ini.<ref name="IBN23April">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/1984-antisikh-riots-backed-by-govt-police-cbi/251375-37-64.html |title=1984 anti-Sikh riots backed by Govt, police: CBI |publisher=[[IBN Live]]|date=23 April 2012 |accessdate=27 April 2012|archive-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425011626/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/1984-antisikh-riots-backed-by-govt-police-cbi/251375-37-64.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Kekerasan di Delhi dipicu oleh [[pembunuhan Indira Gandhi]] pada tanggal 31 Oktober 1984, oleh dua [[pengawal]] Sikh sebagai respon terhadap tindakannya yang mengizinkan operasi militer. Pemerintah India melaporkan 2.700 kematian dalam kekacauan berikutnya. Setelah terjadinya pembantaian, Pemerintah India melaporkan bahwa 20.000 orang telah melarikan diri dari kota, namun [[PUCL]] melaporkan "setidaknya" 50.000 [[orang terlantar]].<ref name="Mukhoty 1984">{{Citation |title=Who are the Guilty ? | last =Mukhoty | first =Gobinda | last2 =Kothari | first2 =Rajni |url=http://www.sacw.net/aii/WhoaretheGuilty.html |year=1984 |publisher=[[People's Union for Civil Liberties]]| accessdate=4 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> Daerah yang paling terpengaruh adalah lingkungan di [[Delhi]]. Organisasi hak asasi manusia dan surat kabar percaya bahwa pembantaian diorganisasi.<ref name="IBN23April2009BBCremember" /><ref name="2009BBCrememberIBN23April" /><ref name="Swadesh Bahadur Singh 1996">Swadesh Bahadur Singh (editor of the Sher-i-Panjâb weekly): "Cabinet berth for a Sikh", Indian Express, 31 May 1996.</ref> Kolusi pejabat politik dalam pembantaian dan kegagalan untuk menuntut pembunuh terasing Sikh normal dan meningkatkan dukungan untuk [[gerakan Khalistan]].<ref name="Watch/Asia(U.S.)1994">{{cite book|last1=Watch/Asia|first1=Human Rights|last2=(U.S.)|first2=Physicians for Human Rights|title=Dead silence: the legacy of human rights abuses in Punjab|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Dx7b8w6snbsC&pg=PA13|accessdate=29 July 2010|date=1994-05|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-130-5|page=10}}</ref> [[Akal Takht]], badan keagamaan yang mengatur [[Sikh]], menganggap pembunuhan merupakan [[genosida]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/1984-riots-were-Sikh-genocide-Akal-Takht/Article1-572372.aspx|title=1984 riots were 'Sikh genocide': Akal Takht – Hindustan Times|date=14 July 2010|work=Hindustan Times |accessdate=17 July 2010| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20100717030351/http://www.hindustantimes.com/1984-riots-were-Sikh-genocide-Akal-Takht/Article1-572372.aspx| archivedate= 17 July 2010 <!-07-DASHBot-->17| deadurl= no}}</ref>

Pada tahun 2011, [[Human Rights Watch]] melaporkan Pemerintah India telah "belum mengadili mereka yang bertanggung jawab atas pembunuhan massal".<ref>{{cite book|title=World Report 2011: India|url=http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/india_3.pdf|year=2011|publisher=Human Rights Watch|pages=1–5| accessdate=13 February 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110130175646/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/india_3.pdf| archivedate= 2011-01-30 January 2011| deadurl= no}}</ref> [[kabel WikiLeaks|Bocoran kabel Wikileaks tahun 2011]] mengungkapkan bahwa Amerika Serikat yakin tentang keterlibatan [[Pemerintah India]] yang diperintah oleh [[Kongres Nasional India]] dalam pembantaian, dan disebut itu sebagai "oportunisme" dan "kebencian" dari pemerintah terhadap Kongres Sikh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-06/india/29515961_1_anti-sikh-riots-gujarat-riots-nanavati-commission-report|title=US saw Cong hand in Sikh massacre, reveal Wiki leaks – Times Of India|work=[[Indiatimes]]|accessdate=10 May 2011|date=6 May 2011|archive-date=2011-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125013015/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-06/india/29515961_1_anti-sikh-riots-gujarat-riots-nanavati-commission-report|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2005/08/05NEWDELHI6310.html|title=Cable Viewer|work=[[WikiLeaks]]|accessdate=10 May 2011| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110427114246/http://www.wikileaks.ch/cable/2005/08/05NEWDELHI6310.html| archivedate= 27 April 2011 <!-04-DASHBot-->27| deadurl= no}} {{dead link|date=June 2011yes}}</ref> Juga pada 2011, satu set baru kuburan massal ditemukan di [[Haryana]] dan [[Human Rights Watch]] melaporkan bahwa "Meluasnya serangan anti-Sikh di Haryana adalah bagian dari serangan balas dendam yang lebih luas" di India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/04/25/india-bring-charges-newly-discovered-massacre-sikhs|title=India: Bring Charges for Newly Discovered Massacre of Sikhs|date=APRIL 25, 2011|publisher=Human Rights Watch|accessdate=2 August 2011| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110711124548/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/04/25/india-bring-charges-newly-discovered-massacre-sikhs| archivedate= 11 July 2011 <!-07-DASHBot-->11| deadurl= no}}</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

* {{cite book|last=Singh|first=Parvinder|title=1984 Sikhs’ Kristallnacht|url=http://www.ensaaf.org/pdf/reports/kristallnacht.pdf|date=May 2009|publisher=Ensaaf| accessdate=4 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|archive-date=2011-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726032411/http://www.ensaaf.org/pdf/reports/kristallnacht.pdf|dead-url=yes}}

* Parvinder Singh. ''1984 Sikhs' Kristallnacht.'' 28-page report, 2009.{{cite web |url=http://www.ensaaf.org/pdf/reports/kristallnacht.pdf |title=1984 Sikhs Kristallnacht |format=PDF |accessdate=23 September 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726032411/http://www.ensaaf.org/pdf/reports/kristallnacht.pdf |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite book|last1=Kaur|first1=Jaskaran|last2=Crossette|first2=Barbara|title=Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India|url=http://ensaaf-org.jklaw.net/publications/reports/20years/20years-2nd.pdf|edition=2nd|year=2006|publisher=Ensaaf|location=Portland, OR|isbn=978-0-9787073-0-9| accessdate=4 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->}}

* Ram Narayan Kumar et al. ''Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab.'' [[South Asia Forum for Human Rights]], 2003. [http://www.punjabjustice.org/report/report.htm Report] {{deadWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705030307/http://www.punjabjustice.org/report/report.htm link|date=June2006-07-05 2011}}

* Anurag Singh. ''Giani Kirpal Singh’s Eye-Witness Account of Operation Bluestar.'' 1999.

* Harnik Deol. ''Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab.'' London: Routledge, 2000

* Mark Tully. ''Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi's Last Battle.'' ISBN 978-0-224-02328-3.

* Iqbal Singh. ''Punjab Under Siege: A Critical Analysis.'' New York: Allen, McMillan and Enderson, 1986.

* PUCL report "[[Who Are The Guilty]].'' [http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Religion-communalism/2003/who-are-guilty.htm Link to report.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411054723/http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Religion-communalism/2003/who-are-guilty.htm |date=2018-04-11 }}

* Jarnail Singh, 'I Accuse...' (Penguin Books India, 2009), ISBN 978-0-670-08394-7

* [http://info.indiatimes.com/1984/ 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321085903/http://www1.info.indiatimes.com/1984/ |date=2018-03-21 }} at ''[[Times of India]]''

* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~arandhaw/classweb/home.htm 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: The Causes and The Repercussions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923061138/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~arandhaw/classweb/home.htm |date=2010-09-23 }}

* [http://districts.delhigovt.nic.in/84RIOTS/84RIOTS.htm 1984 riots case records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712065753/http://districts.delhigovt.nic.in/84RIOTS/84RIOTS.htm |date=2010-07-12 }}, Government of Delhi

* [http://www.witness84.com/human/ccsikri/CITIZENS witness84.com]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Commission – Sikri Report