Debat Valladolid: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
'''Debat Valladolid''' (1550-1551) membahas perlakukan terhadap para penduduk asli Amerika di Benua Baru. Debat yang diadakan di kota [[Valladolid]], [[Spanyol]], ini menampilkan dua sikap utama yang bertentangan dalam hal kolonialisasi bangsa [[Eropa]] di [[Benua Amerika]]. Biarawan [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]] dan uskup [[Chiapas]], Bartolomé de las Casas, berargumen bahwa ''Amerindians'' (sebutannya untuk para penduduk asli Amerika) adalah orang-orang yang merdeka di dalam tatanan alam semesta dan berhak atas perlakukan yang sama dengan umat manusia lainnya sesuai dengan teologi [[Katolik]].<ref name="Crow, John A. 1992">Crow, John A. ''The Epic of Latin America'', 4th ed. University of California Press, Berkeley: 1992.</ref> Di pihak lain rekannya sesama rohaniwan [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]], Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, yang bersikukuh bahwa orang-orang Indian adalah budak alami, dan oleh karenanya pengurangan hak mereka ke dalam perbudakan adalah suatu hal yang sejalan dengan teologi [[Katolik]] dan hukum alam.<ref
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Las Casas, from the [[School of Salamanca]] and the [[Humanism|Humanist]] movement, worked for years to expose the cruel treatment of natives in the ''[[encomienda]]'' system. This work had led to the [[Laws of the Indies]] of [[1542]], which promised to bring the encomienda system to an end. The humanity of the natives had already been established by the papal bull ''[[Sublimus Dei]]'' of 1537. Moved by Las Casas and others, the [[King of Spain]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] ordered that further aggressions against the natives should cease and called a ''[[jury|Junta]]'' (Jury) of eminent doctors and theologians to hear both sides and to issue a ruling on the controversy<ref>Crow, John A. ''The Epic of Latin America'', 4th ed. University of California Press, Berkeley: 1992.</ref>. Las Casas' position found support from the monarchy and the Catholic Church, who wanted to control the power of the encomenderos, while Sepúlveda's arguments supported the interests of the colonists and landowners who benefited from the system.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}
Baris 5:
Though Las Casas tried to bolster his position by recounting his experiences with the encomienda system's mistreatment of the Indians, the debate remained on largely theoretical grounds. Sepúlveda took a more secular approach, basing his arguments largely on [[Aristotle]] and the [[humanism|humanist]] tradition to say the Indians were naturally predisposed to slavery, and could be subjected to bondage or war if necessary.<ref>Crow, John A. ''The Epic of Latin America'', 4th ed. University of California Press, Berkeley: 1992.</ref>. Las Casas objected, arguing that Aristotle's definition of the "barbarian" and the natural slave did not apply to the Indians, who were fully capable of reason and should be brought to Christianity without force or coersion.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} In the end, both parties declared they had won the debate, but neither received the outcome they desired. Las Casas did not see an end to Spanish wars of conquest in the New World, nor did Sepúlveda see the New Laws restricting the power of the encomienda system overturned.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The debate did result in the weakening of the encomienda system, but did not substantially alter the treatment of the Indians.
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== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* Crow, John A. ''The Epic of Latin America'', 4th ed. University of California Press, Berkeley: 1992.
* Hernandez, Bonar Ludwig. [http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~epf/2001/hernandez.html "The Las Casas-Sepúlveda Controversy: 1550-1551"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924023452/http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~epf/2001/hernandez.html |date=2008-09-24 }}. Retrieved [[January 23]], [[2007]].
[[Kategori:Sejarah Gereja Katolik Roma]]
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