Musim dingin nuklir: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Musim dingin nuklir''' ({{lang-en|nuclear winter}}) adalah sebuah hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa akan terjadi [[pendinginan global]] yang panjang dan parah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a165794.pdf|title=''Soviet exploitation of the 'nuclear winter' hypothesis'' Dr. Leon Goure 1985, Defense Nuclear Agency TR-84-373.pdf|publisher=|access-date=2018-10-03|archive-date=2016-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223213627/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a165794.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en-US&id=hq7_TAFD4osC&q=nuclear+winter&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=nuclear+winter&f=false|title=Human Impacts on Weather and Climate|first1=William R.|last1=Cotton|first2=Roger A. Pielke|last2=Sr|date=1 February 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> seusai [[badai api]] yang dipicu oleh [[perang nuklir]].<ref name="ToonRobockTurcoPhysicsToday 2008">[http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/ToonRobockTurcoPhysicsToday.pdf Environmental consequences of nuclear war] oleh Owen B. Toon, Alan Robock, and Richard P. Turco. ''Physics Today'', December 2008. ''"...environmental changes triggered by smoke from firestorms."''</ref> Hipotesis ini didasarkan pada fakta bahwa api tersebut dapat memasukkan [[jelaga]] ke dalam [[stratosfer]], sehingga akan menghalangi sinar matahari. Hal ini kemudian akan mengakibatkan pendinginan, sehingga memicu kegagalan panen dan kelaparan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Diep|first1=Francie|title=Computer Models Show What Exactly Would Happen To Earth After A Nuclear War|url=https://www.popsci.com/article/science/computer-models-show-what-exactly-would-happen-earth-after-nuclear-war|website=Popular Science|accessdate=4 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> Untuk mengembangkan permodelan musim dingin nuklir dalam komputer, para peneliti menggunakan data dari badai api di [[Hamburg]] dan [[Hiroshima]] selama [[Perang Dunia II]],<ref>[http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism. ''Atmos ChemPhys'' 7:1973–2002]</ref> yang dilengkapi dengan data dari badai api dan [[kebakaran liar]] pada masa modern.<ref name="ToonRobockTurcoPhysicsToday 2008"/><ref name="agu.org">{{cite journal|last1=Fromm |first1=M. |last2=Stocks |first2=B. |last3=Servranckx |first3=R. |last4=Lindsey |first4=D. |year=2006 |title=Smoke in the Stratosphere: What Wildfires have Taught Us About Nuclear Winter |journal=[[Eos (journal)|Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union]] |volume=87 |issue=52 Fall Meet. Suppl |pages=Abstract U14A–04 |url=http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm06/fm06-sessions/fm06_U14A.html |bibcode=2006AGUFM.U14A..04F |display-authors=3 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085234/http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm06/fm06-sessions/fm06_U14A.html |archivedate=October 6, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism. ''Atmos ChemPhys'' 7:1973–2002. "the injection height of the smoke is controlled by the energy release from the burning fuel not from the nuclear explosion."...smoke plumes deep within the stratosphere over Florida that had originated a few days earlier in Canadian fires, implying that the smoke particles had not been significantly depleted during injection into the stratosphere (or subsequent transport over thousands of kilometers in the stratosphere)."]</ref>

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