Pemberontakan Dungan (1862–1877): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{For|pemberontakan tahun 1895–1896|Pemberontakan Dungan (1895–1896)}}
'''Pemberontakan Dungan''' ({{zh|s=同治新疆回变|t=同治新疆回變|p=Tóng Zhì Xīn Jiāng Huí Biàn}}) adalah sebuah perang etnis yang terjadi pada abad ke-19 di [[Tiongkok]]. Perang ini disebut juga '''Perang Minoritas Hui'''. Masalah awalnya adalah karena [[pemberontakan Taiping]] menyebabkan [[dinasti Qing]] menaikkan pajak di wilayah ini sehingga menimbulkan keresahan di antara rakyat. Kemudian beredarlah rumor bahwa pemerintah Qing akan membantai penduduk Xinjiang seperti yang mereka lakukan di [[Gansu]] dan [[Shaanxi]].▼
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict= Pemberontakan Dungan
|partof=
|image=Veselovski-1898-Yakub-Bek.jpg
|image_size=250px
|caption=[[Yaqub Beg]]
|date= 1862–1877
|place= [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], dan [[Xinjiang]]
|casus= Perselisihan [[tawar menawar]] harga tiang bambu
|territory =
|result = Kemenangan [[Dinasti Qing|Qing]]
|combatant1 = [[Berkas:Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg|22px]] [[Dinasti Qing]]
----
Loyalis Muslim Hui
----
Ordo [[Khufiyya]] di bawah Ma Zhan'ao di Gansu (1872–1877)
----
Sebelas Batalion Gedimu di Shaanxi (1872–1877)
* Batalion Cui Wei (1872-1877)
* Batalion Hua Dacai (1872–1877)<ref name="Garnaut">{{cite web|url=http://www.ouigour.fr/recherches_et_analyses/Garnautpage_93.pdf |title=From Yunnan to Xinjiang:Governor Yang Zengxin and his Dungan Generals |last=Garnaut |first=Anthony |publisher=Pacific and Asian History, Australian National University) |accessdate=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309054654/http://www.ouigour.fr/recherches_et_analyses/Garnautpage_93.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-09 }}</ref>{{rp|105}}
|combatant2 = [[Berkas:Flag of Yettishar (1873-1877).svg|22px]] [[Kashgar]]ia (Andijani Uzbek Kokandi di bawah Yaqub Beg)
''Didukung oleh'':
<br />{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Imperium Britania]]
<br />{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah]]
----
Pemberontak Muslim Turk [[Taranchi]] di Ili
''Didukung oleh'':
<br>{{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Kekaisaran Rusia]]
|combatant3= Pemberontak Muslim Hui
----
Batalion Shaanxi Kedelapanbelas Gedimu (Para pemimpin Sebelas Batalion menyerah dan membelot ke Dinasti Qing, enam tewas, dan satu, Bai Yanhu, melarikan diri ke Rusia)
* Batalion Cui Wei (1862–1872)
* Batalion Hua Dacai (1862–1872)
* Batalion [[Bai Yanhu]]
----
Ordo [[Jahriyya]] di bawah Ma Hualong di Gansu
----
Ordo Khufiyya di bawah Ma Zhan'ao di Gansu (1862–1872)
|commander1= [[Zuo Zongtang]]<br>Dolongga<br>[[Liu Jintang]]<br>Wang Dagui<br>[[Dong Fuxiang]]<br>[[Ma Zhan'ao]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Anliang]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Qianling]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Haiyan]] (1872–1877)<br>Cui Wei (1872–1877)<br>Hua Decai (1872–1877)
|commander2= [[Yaqub Beg]]<br>Hsu Hsuehkung<br>Bai Yanhu
|commander3=Cui Wei (1862–1872)<br>Hua Decai (1862–1872)<br>Bai Yanhu
----
[[Ma Hualong]]<br />[[T'o Ming]]
----
[[Ma Zhan'ao]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Anliang]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Qianling]] (1872–1877)<br>[[Ma Haiyan]] (1862–1872)
|strength1= [[Tentara Chu|Tentara Hunan]], 120.000 tentara Zuo Zongtang dan tentara [[Khafiya]] [[suku Hui|Tionghoa Muslim]]
|strength2= Pasukan Uzbek Andijani dan sukarelawan Afghan, Tionghoa Han dan Hui secara paksa direkrut menjadi tentara Yaqub, dan memisahkan milisi Tionghoa Han
|strength3= Pemberontak di Shaanxi dan Gansu
|casualties1 = '''Total tewas:''' 20,77 juta
|notes =
}}
▲'''Pemberontakan Dungan (1862–1877)''' atau '''Pemberontakan Tongzhi Hui''' ({{zh|s=同治
Maka kaum [[Muslim]] [[Hui]] mulai memperkuat diri dengan bantuan [[Turki]], [[Kazakstan]], [[Uighur]], dan [[Kirgistan]].
Baris 19 ⟶ 74:
* [[Pemberontakan Miao]]
* [[Pemberontakan Panthay]]
* [[Perang Nepal-
* {{PD-old-text|title=Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterkunde, Volume 4, Issues 1-2|year=1904|author=Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afd. Letterkunde}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Sectarianism and religious persecution in China: a page in the history of religions, Volume 2|year=1904|author=Jan Jakob Maria Groot}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Accounts and papers of the House of Commons|year=1871|author=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Encyclopædia of religion and ethics, Volume 8|year=1916|author=James Hastings, John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events, Volume 4|year=1880|author=}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Translations of the Peking Gazette|year=|author=1880}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..., Volume 4|year=1888|author=}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=Appletons' annual cyclopedia and register of important events: Embracing political, military, and ecclesiastical affairs; public documents; biography, statistics, commerce, finance, literature, science, agriculture, and mechanical industry, Volume 19|year=1886|author=}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=The Chinese times, Volume 5|year=1891|author=}}▼
* {{PD-old-text|title=The Canadian spectator, Volume 1|year=1878|author=}}▼
== Referensi ==
=== Kutipan ===
{{reflist}}
===
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterkunde, Volume 4, Issues 1-2 |year=1904 |author=Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afd. Letterkunde}}
▲* {{PD-old-text| title=Sectarianism and religious persecution in China: a page in the history of religions, Volume 2 |year=1904 |author=Jan Jakob Maria Groot}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Accounts and papers of the House of Commons |year=1871 |author=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Encyclopædia of religion and ethics, Volume 8 |year=1916 |author=James Hastings, John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events, Volume 4 |year=1880 |author=}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Translations of the Peking Gazette |year= |author=1880}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..., Volume 4 |year=1888 |author=}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=Appletons' annual cyclopedia and register of important events: Embracing political, military, and ecclesiastical affairs; public documents; biography, statistics, commerce, finance, literature, science, agriculture, and mechanical industry, Volume 19 |year=1886 |author=}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=The Chinese times, Volume 5 |year=1891|author=}}
▲* {{PD-old-text |title=The Canadian spectator, Volume 1 |year=1878|author=}}
== Bibliografi ==
; Umum
* [[Kim Hodong]], "Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877". Stanford University Press (March 2004). ISBN 0-8047-4884-5. (Searchable text available on Amazon.com)
* Bruce Elleman, "Modern Chinese Warfare (Warfare and History)". 2001, ISBN 0-415-21474-2. (p. 65-, the section on "The Tungan Rebellion, 1862-73").
* Jonathan N. Lipman, "Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China (Studies on Ethnic Groups in China)", University of Washington Press (February 1998), ISBN 0-295-97644-6. (Searchable text available on Amazon.com)
* "Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier", by Sarah C. M. Paine (1996) ISBN 1-56324-723-2
* "The Ili Crisis: A Study of Sino-Russian Diplomacy, 1871-1881", by Immanuel Chung-yueh Hsü (1966)
* [http://new.hist.asu.ru/biblio/ruskit/03.html V.A. Moiseev, "Muslim Rebellion in Xinjiang and Russia's policy (1864-1871)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183639/http://new.hist.asu.ru/biblio/ruskit/03.html |date=2007-09-30 }}, in "Россия и Китай в Центральной Азии (вторая половина XIX в. - 1917 гг.)" (Russia and China in Central Asia (second half of the 19 c. thru 1917). [[Barnaul]], Azbuka Publishers, 2003. ISBN 5-93957-025-9
* Svetlana Rimsky-Korsakoff Dyer. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630174635/http://www.nanzan-u.ac.jp/SHUBUNKEN/publications/afs/pdf/a916.pdf Karakunuz: An Early Settlement of the Chinese Muslims in Russia], with an English translation of V. Tsibuzgin and A.Shmakov's work. "Asian Folklore Studies", Vol. 51 (1992), pp. 243–279.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060424085207/http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/1857/2004-7-9/53@130293.htm The "Shaanxi Village" in Kazakhstan] (Chinabroadcast.cn)
{{Topik Dinasti Qing}}
[[Kategori:Perang kemerdekaan]]
[[Kategori:Pemberontakan di Tiongkok]]
[[Kategori:Pemberontakan pada abad ke-19]]
[[Kategori:Pemberontakan pada masa Dinasti Qing]]
Baris 64 ⟶ 124:
[[Kategori:1860-an di Tiongkok]]
[[Kategori:1870-an di Tiongkok]]
[[Kategori:
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