Wikipedia

Danau Peipsi: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
EmausBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
581.594 suntingan
k Bot: Migrasi 44 pranala interwiki, karena telah disediakan oleh Wikidata pada item d:Q19253
k →top: pembersihan kosmetika dasar
 
(11 revisi perantara oleh 7 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Kotak info danau
{{Infobox_lake
|lake_name = '''Danau Peipsi-Pihkva'''<br /><small>Peipsi-Pihkva järv<br />Чудско-Псковское озеро</small>
|image_lake = Lake PeipsiPeipus, Landsat2000LandSat-8, 2016-10-20.jpegjpg
|image-width_lake = 300px
|caption_lake = Danau Peipsi-Pihkva<br />(hasil citra [[satelit]] [[Program Landsat|Landsat]])
Baris 25:
|cities = [[Mustvee]], [[Kallaste]]
}}
'''Danau Peipsi-Pihkva''',<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/448876/Lake-Peipus Lake Peipus | lake, Europe | Britannica<!-- Judul otomatis yang dihasilkan bot -->]</ref> ({{lang-et|Peipsi järv, Pihkva järv}}; {{lang-ru|Чудско-Псковское озеро}} (Chudsko-Pskovskoe ozero), {{lang-de|Peipussee}}, {{lang-en|Peipus}}) adalah danau [[perairan internasional|lintas perbatasan]] terbesar di [[Eropa]] pada perbatasan antara [[Estonia]] (bagian [[Uni Eropa]]) dan [[Rusia]].
 
Danau ini adalah yang terbesar kelima di Eropa setelah [[Danau Ladoga]] dan [[Danau Onega]] di Rusia (di sebelah utara [[St. Petersburg]]), [[Vänern|Danau Vänern]] di [[Swedia]], dan [[Danau Saimaa]] di [[Finlandia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v28/v28-25.pdf |title=The Roles of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors of Ecological State in the Lake Peipus |accessdate=2008-10-15 |last=Kapanen |first=Galya |coauthors=Jaan–Mati Punning, Irina Blinova, and Külli Kangur |year=2008 |publisher=International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology |archive-date=2013-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915112532/http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v28/v28-25.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Danau Peipsi-Pihkva adalah sisa badan air yang lebih besar yang pernah terwujud di kawasan ini pada [[Zaman es]]. Danau ini seluas 3.555&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, dan memiliki rerata kedalaman 7,1 meter, titik terdalamnya adalah 15 meter.<ref name=bse>{{cite web|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00089/94700.htm|title=Chudsko-Pskovskoe ozero|publisher=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]|access-date=2011-10-28|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205182705/http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00089/94700.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Bolshie Lake Rossii">[http://geo.1september.ru/2006/04/31.gif Russia Lakes area of more than 350 km<sup>2</sup>]</ref> Danau ini memiliki beberapa pulau dan terdiri dari tiga bagian:
 
* '''Danau Peipsi/Chudskoe''' ({{lang-et|[[:et:Peipsi järv|Peipsi järv]]}}, {{lang-ru|[[:ru:Чудское озеро|Чудское озеро]]}}), yakni bagian utara danau, seluas 2.611&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> atau 73%.
* '''Danau LämmijärvPihkva/TeploePskovskoe''' ({{lang-et|[[:et:LämmijärvPihkva järv|LämmijärvPihkva järv]]}}, {{lang-ru|[[:ru:ТёплоеПсковское озеро|ТёплоеПсковское озеро]]}}), adalah selat yang menghubungkanyakni bagian utara dan selatan danau, seluas 236708&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> atau 720%.▼
 
* '''Danau PihkvaLämmijärv/PskovskoeTeploe''' ({{lang-et|[[:et:Pihkva järvLämmijärv|Pihkva järvLämmijärv]]}}, {{lang-ru|[[:ru:ПсковскоеТёплое озеро|ПсковскоеТёплое озеро]]}}), yakniadalah selat yang menghubungkan bagian utara dan selatan danau, seluas 708236&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> atau 207%.
 
▲*'''Danau Lämmijärv/Teploe''' ({{lang-et|[[:et:Lämmijärv|Lämmijärv]]}}, {{lang-ru|[[:ru:Тёплое озеро|Тёплое озеро]]}}) adalah selat yang menghubungkan bagian utara dan selatan danau, seluas 236&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> atau 7%.
 
Danau ini dipergunakan untuk memancing dan rekreasi, tetapi menderita kerusakan lingkungan sejak periode pertanian [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]]. Ada 30 sungai dan riam yang bermuara di Danau Peipsi. Sungai terbesar adalah [[Sungai Ema|Ema]] dan [[Sungai Velikaya|Velikaya]]. Yang menjadi saluran pembuangan danau ini adalah [[Sungai Narva]].
Baris 65 ⟶ 63:
</div>
 
Relief bagian bawah relatif datar dan seragam, secara bertahap menaik di dekat tepian dan diliputi oleh [[lanau]], dan di beberapa tempat oleh [[pasir]].<ref name="iss"/> Titik terdalam adalah 15,3 meter yang terletak di Danau Teploe, 300 meter dari pantai.<ref name="Ozera and Rivers South Estonii">[http://www.gid.ee/link/o-54.html danau dan sungai di selatan Estonia, kepulauan]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
Danau mengalir dengan baik, di mana asupan air tahunan sama dengan setengah volume keseluruhan air.<ref name="Gidrografiya SSSR" />
 
Air danau begitu segar dan bersih, dengan kedalaman transparensi (tembus pandang) hingga 2,5 meter karena [[plankton]] dan [[sedimen]] yang tertumpuk karena aliran sungai.<ref name="Gidrografiya SSSR" /> Laju air relatif lamban (5–9&nbsp;cm/detik); mereka diimbasi oleh angin dan kembali tenang ketika angin tiada. Tetapi, selama banjir musim semi, terdapat arus permukaan konstan dari selatan ke utara.<ref name="iss">[{{Cite web |url=http://arhiv.ivangorod.ru/econ/SuPortNet/str01.htm |title=kajian situasi pelabuhan di Sungai Narva] |access-date=2011-10-28 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221740/http://arhiv.ivangorod.ru/econ/SuPortNet/str01.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Karena kedalaman yang dangkal, danau secara cepat menghangat, secara cepat pula mendingin. Suhu air mencapai 25–26&nbsp;°C pada bulan Juli.<ref name="Ozera and Rivers South Estonii" /> Danau membeku pada akhir bulan November – awal bulan Desember dan melebur pada akhir bulan April – awal bulan Mei, danau pertama Teploe dan Pihkva dan kemudian danau Peipus.<ref name="Gidrografiya SSSR" />
Baris 76 ⟶ 74:
{| Class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"
|+
|Width = "25 %"|[[Berkas:Kallaste-Peipussee.JPG|centerpus|195px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[Berkas:LakePeipus01.JPG|centerpus|195px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[Berkas:Ranna-Peipussee.JPG|centerpus|195px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[Berkas:LakePeipus02.JPG|centerpus|195px]]
|-
|[[Kallaste]]
Baris 88 ⟶ 86:
</center>
 
[[Berkas:Narva basin map.svg|thumbjmpl|300px|rightka|Peta Telaga [[Narva]] dan Danau Peipsi-Pihkva.]]
 
== Cekungan dan pulau-pulau ==
<!--
About 30 rivers flow into the lake.<ref name="PO PSKOVSKO-CHUDSKOMU VODOEMU">[http://www.zachetka.ru/referat/preview.aspx?docid=34571&page=3 By Peipus pond]</ref> The largest are [[Velikaya River|Velikaya]] and [[Emajõgi]], smaller rivers include Zadubka, Cherma, Gdovka, Kuna, Torohovka, Remda, Rovya, Chernaya, Lipenka, Startseva, Borovka, Abija, Obdeh, [[Piusa River|Piusa]], [[Võhandu River|Võhandu]], Kodza, Kargaya, Omedu, Tagajõgi and Alajõgi. The lake is drained by only one river, the [[Narva (river)|Narva]] into the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name=bse/>
 
The lake contains 29 islands with a total area of 25.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, with 40 more islands located within the delta of the [[Velikaya River]].<ref name="Ozera and Rivers South Estonii" /> The islands are low wetlands, elevated above the lake surface on average by only 1–2 m (maximum 4.5 m) and therefore suffer from floods. The largest islands are [[Piirissaar]] (area 7.39&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, located in the southern part of Lake Peipus), [[Kolpino (Island)|Kolpino]] (area 11&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, in the Pihkva Lake) and Kamenka (area 6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). In the center of Pihkva Lake there is a group of Talabski Islands (Belova, Zalita and Talavenets).<ref name="Gidrografiya SSSR" />
-->
== Flora dan fauna ==
<!--
The lake hosts 54 species of coastal aquatic flora, including [[cane]], [[Acorus calamus|calamus]], [[Scirpus|bulrush]], [[Butomus|grass rush]], [[Typha angustifolia|Lesser Bulrush]] and [[Sium latifolium|water parsnip]]. Floating plants are rare and are of only three types: [[Sagittaria|arrowhead]], [[Nuphar lutea|yellow water-lily]] and [[Persicaria amphibia|water knotweed]].<ref name="Ryby Pskov oblasti">[http://pskovfish.ru/ozera.htm Fish and Lake Pskov region. Lakes]</ref> The wetlands of the coastal strip of the lake are important resting and feeding grounds for swans, geese and ducks migrating between the [[White Sea]] and [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name="iss" /><ref name="svali.ru">[http://www.svali.ru/catalog~0~26258~index.htm Tourist portal svali.ru]</ref> The lake is home to [[European perch|perch]], [[Sander (genus)|pike-perch]], [[Carp bream|bream]], [[Rutilus|roaches]], [[Coregonus|whitefishes]], [[European smelt|smelt]] and other fish species.<ref name = bse />
-->
== Ekologi ==
<!--
The ecological condition of the lake basin is, in general, satisfactory – water is mostly of grades I and II (clean), and is of grade III in some rivers due to the high content of [[phosphorus]]. The water condition of the rivers has improved since 2001–2007, but there is an increase in population of [[Cyanobacteria|blue-green algae]]. The main problem of Lake Peipus is its [[eutrophication]].<ref name="Sovmestnoy Rossiysko-Estonskoy commission for the protection and rational use of transboundary vod">[http://www.ravnopravie.com/Site/News/FederalNews.aspx?id=185&type=3 Minutes of the eleventh meeting of the Joint Russian-Estonian commission for the protection and rational use of transboundary waters]</ref>
 
{| Class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"
|+
|Width = "25 %"|[[File:PercaFluviatilisMediumSize.JPG|center|180px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[File:AbramisBramaCarpBream.JPG|center|210px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[File:Blausteinsee Tierwelt 03.jpg|center|180px]]
|Width = "25 %"|[[File:Walleye painting.jpg|center|210px]]
|-
|[[European perch]]
|[[Carp bream]]
|[[Rutilus|roach]]
|[[Sander (genus)|Pike-perch]]
|}
-->
== Ekonomi ==
<!--
The towns standing on the banks are relatively small and include [[Mustvee]] (population 1,610), [[Kallaste]] (population 1,260) and [[Gdov]] (population 4,400). The largest city, [[Pskov]] (population 202,000) stands on the [[Velikaya River]], 10&nbsp;km from the lake.<ref name="Entsiklopediya turista" /> Ship navigation is well developed and serves fishery, transport of goods and passengers and tourist tours.<ref name="svali.ru" /><ref name="TrevelTurs">[http://www.traveltours.ru/spb/articles/countries/russia/resorts/lenobl/ivangorod/narva/ TrevelTurs. Peipsi-Pskov lake system]</ref><ref name="Transport Pskov oblasti">[http://www.all-transport.info/regions/ru60.html#pskov Transport of Pskov Oblast]</ref> The picturesque shores of the lake are a popular destination for tourism and recreation at several tourist camps and sanatoriums.<ref>[http://www.noveltour.ru/places/pskov/Recreation Pskov region. Peipsi and Lake Pskov]</ref><ref>[http://www.megatis.ru/news/55/2002/08/08/3_14452.html More and more foreigners resting on Lake Peipus]</ref><ref>[http://vladsc.narod.ru/library/enc_tur/k.htm Tourist Encyclopedia]</ref>
-->
== Sejarah ==
<!--
In 1242, the southern part of Lake Peipus hosted a major historical battle where [[Teutonic Knights]] were defeated by the Russian troops from [[Novgorod]] led by [[Alexander Nevsky]]. The battle is remarkable in that it was mostly fought on the frozen surface of the lake and is therefore called the [[Battle on Lake Peipus|Battle on the Ice]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA564|page=564|author=Tony Jaques|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=0313335389}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=XKWRct15XfkC&pg=PA299|page=299|author=Toivo Miljan|title=Historical dictionary of Estonia|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2004|isbn=0810849046}}</ref>
 
The largest city on the lake, [[Pskov]], is also one of the oldest cities in Russia, known from at least 903 AD from a record in the [[Primary Chronicle]] of the [[Laurentian Codex]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00063/74100.htm|title=Pskov|publisher=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hEawXSP4AVwC&pg=PA114|page=114|author=Wladyslaw Duczko|title=Viking Rus: studies on the presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|isbn=9004138749}}</ref> Several historical buildings remain in the city, including [[Mirozhsky Monastery]] (1156, which contains famous frescoes of 14–17th centuries), [[Pskov Kremlin]] (14–17th centuries) with the five-domed Trinity Cathedral (1682–1699), churches of Ivanovo (until 1243), [[Snetogorsky monastery]] (13th century), Church of Basil (1413), Church of Cosmas and Damian (1462), Church of St. George (1494) and others.<ref name="Drevny city Pskov">[http://www.old-pskov.ru/ ancient city of Pskov]</ref>
 
[[Gdov]] was founded in 1431 as a fortress and became a city in 1780;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00017/09000.htm|title=Gdov|publisher=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> the only remains of the historical [[Gdov Kremlin]] are three fortress walls.<ref name="Moy Gdov">[http://mygdov.ru/history My Gdov]</ref> [[Kallaste]] was founded in the 18th century by the [[Old Believers]] who had fled from the [[Novgorod]] area,<ref name="Kallaste. Few istorii">[http://www.moles.ee/00/Jun/28/4-2.html Kallaste. A bit of history]</ref><ref name="Staroobryadcheskaya community Kallaste">[http://www.starover.ee/ru/kirikud/kallaste.html Old Believer community Kallaste]</ref> and there is still a functional [[Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church]] in the town. Near Kallaste, there is one of the largest surfacings of [[Devonian]] [[sandstone]] with a length of 930 m and a maximum height of 8 m, as well as several caves and one of the largest in Estonia colonies of [[swallow]]s.<ref name="Russkoyazychny site about the city Kallaste">[http://kallaste.ucoz.org/index/0-2 Russian site about the city Kallaste]</ref>
 
{| Class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center"
|+
|Width = "50 %"|[[File:Mirozh02.JPG|center|390px]]
|Width = "50 %"|[[File:Kremlin of Pskov-2008-1.jpg|center|390px]]
|-
|[[Mirozhsky Monastery]]
|Pskov Kremlin
|}
-->
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
Baris 143 ⟶ 93:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Lake Peipus}}
* [http://www.peipsi.ee/ Peipsi Infokeskus] Situs web informasi pariwisata Estonia
 
[[Kategori:Danau di Eropa]]
[[Kategori:Danau di Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Danau di Estonia]]
 
{{Link GA|ru}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Danau_Peipsi"