Ular karang: Perbedaan antara revisi
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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Taxobox | name = Ular karang | image = Coralillo (Micruroides euryxanthus) (6955307478).jpg | image_caption = Ular karang gurun Sonoran, ''Micruroides euryxanthu...' |
k →Genus ''Sinomicrurus'' (Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson, 2001): pembersihan kosmetika dasar |
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{{infobox spesies}}
'''Ular karang''' adalah sebutan untuk berbagai jenis ular-ular berbisa berwarna cerah, yang semuanya diklasifikasikan sebagai bagian dari famili [[Elapidae]]. Ular karang tersebar di [[Benua Amerika]] dan [[Asia]]. Di [[Indonesia]], spesies ular yang juga disebut "ular karang" di antaranya adalah [[ular cabai]] (''Calliophis intestinalis'') dan [[ular cabai besar]] (''Calliophis bivirgatus'').
== Klasifikasi ==
=== Genus ''Calliophis'' (Gray, 1834) ===
[[Berkas:Blue Malayan Coral Snake from Singapore.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular cabai besar]] (''Calliophis bivirgatus'')]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* ''[[Calliophis beddomei]]'' <small>SMITH, 1943</small>
* ''[[Calliophis bibroni]]'' <small>(JAN, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis bilineata]]'' <small>(PETERS, 1881)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis bivirgatus]]'' <small>(BOIE, 1827)</small> - [[Ular cabai besar]]
* ''[[Calliophis castoe]]'' <small>SMITH, OGALE, DEEPAK & GIRI, 2012</small>
* ''[[Calliophis gracilis]]'' <small>GRAY, 1834</small>
* ''[[Calliophis haematoetron]]'' <small>SMITH, MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI & SOMAWEERA, 2008</small>
* ''[[Calliophis intestinalis]]'' <small>(LAURENTI, 1768)</small> - [[Ular cabai]]
* ''[[Calliophis maculiceps]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis melanurus]]'' <small>(SHAW, 1802)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis nigrescens]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1862)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis philippina]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1864)</small>
* ''[[Calliophis salitan]]'' <small>BROWN, SMART, LEVITON & SMITH, 2018</small>
* ''[[Calliophis suluensis]]'' <small>(STEINDACHNER, 1891)</small>
}}
=== Genus ''Hemibungarus'' (Peters, 1862) ===
[[Berkas:Hemibungarus calligaster calligaster - ZooKeys-266-001-g095.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|''[[Hemibungarus calligaster]]'']]
* ''[[Hemibungarus calligaster]]'' <small>(WIEGMANN, 1835)</small>
* ''[[Hemibungarus gemianulis]]'' <small>(PETERS, 1872)</small>
* ''[[Hemibungarus mcclungi]]'' <small>(TAYLOR, 1922)</small>
=== Genus ''Micruroides'' (K.P. Schmidt, 1928) ===
[[Berkas:Micruroides 3.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular-karang Arizona]] (''Micruroides euryxanthus'')]]
* ''[[Micruroides euryxanthus]]'' <small>(KENNICOTT, 1860)</small> - [[Ular-karang Arizona]]
=== Genus ''Micrurus'' (Wagler, 1824) ===
[[Berkas:Micrurus fulviusHolbrookV3P10AA.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|''[[Micrurus fulvius]]'' (ilustrasi)]]
[[Berkas:Micrurus tener.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular-karang Texas]] (''Micrurus tener'')]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* ''[[Micrurus albicinctus]]'' <small>AMARAL, 1925</small>
* ''[[Micrurus alleni]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1936</small>
* ''[[Micrurus altirostris]]'' <small>(COPE, 1860)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus ancoralis]]'' <small>JAN, 1872</small>
* ''[[Micrurus annellatus]]'' <small>PETERS, 1871</small>
* ''[[Micrurus averyi]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1939</small>
* ''[[Micrurus baliocoryphus]]'' <small>(COPE, 1860)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus bernadi]]'' <small>(COPE, 1887)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus bocourti]]'' <small>(JAN, 1872)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus bogerti]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus boicora]]'' <small>BERNARDE, TURCI, ABEGG & FRANCO, 2018</small>
* ''[[Micrurus brasiliensis]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus browni]]'' <small>SCHMIDT & SMITH, 1943</small>
* ''[[Micrurus camilae]]'' <small>RENJIFO & LUNDBERG, 2003</small>
* ''[[Micrurus circinalis]]'' <small>(DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus clarki]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1936</small>
* ''[[Micrurus collaris]]'' <small>(SCHLEGEL, 1837)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus corallinus]]'' <small>(MERREM, 1820)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus decoratus]]'' <small>(JAN, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus diana]]'' <small>ROZE, 1983</small>
* ''[[Micrurus diastema]]'' <small>(DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus dissoleucus]]'' <small>COPE, 1860</small>
* ''[[Micrurus distans]]'' <small>KENNICOTT, 1860</small>
* ''[[Micrurus diutius]]'' <small>(BURGER, 1955)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus dumerilii]]'' <small>JAN, 1858</small>
* ''[[Micrurus elegans]]'' <small>JAN, 1858</small>
* ''[[Micrurus ephippifer]]'' <small>(COPE, 1886)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus filiformis]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1859)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus frontalis]]'' <small>DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854</small>
* ''[[Micrurus fulvius]]'' <small>(LINNAEUS, 1766)</small> - Ular-karang timur
* ''[[Micrurus hemprichii]]'' <small>(JAN, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus hippocrepis]]'' <small>(PETERS, 1862)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus ibiboboca]]'' <small>(MERREM, 1820)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus isozonus]]'' <small>(COPE, 1860)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus langsdorffi]]'' <small>(WAGLER, 1824)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus laticollaris]]'' <small>PETERS, 1870</small>
* ''[[Micrurus latifasciatus]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1933</small>
* ''[[Micrurus lemniscatus]]'' <small>(LINNAEUS, 1758)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus limbatus]]'' <small>FRASER, 1964</small>
* ''[[Micrurus margaritiferus]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus medemi]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus meridensis]]'' <small>ROZE, 1989</small>
* ''[[Micrurus mertensi]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1936</small>
* ''[[Micrurus mipartitus]]'' <small>(DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus mosquitensis]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1933</small>
* ''[[Micrurus multifasciatus]]'' <small>JAN, 1858</small>
* ''[[Micrurus multiscutatus]]'' <small>RENDAHL & VESTERGREN, 1940</small>
* ''[[Micrurus narduccii]]'' <small>(JAN, 1863)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus nattereri]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1952</small>
* ''[[Micrurus nebularis]]'' <small>ROZE, 1989</small>
* ''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus]]'' <small>(GIRARD, 1854)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus obscurus]]'' <small>(JAN, 1872)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus oligoanellatus]]'' <small>AYERBE & LÓPEZ, 2005</small>
* ''[[Micrurus ornatissimus]]'' <small>(JAN, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus pacaraimae]]'' <small>MORATO DE CARVALHO, 2002</small>
* ''[[Micrurus pachecogili]]'' <small>CAMPBELL, 2000</small>
* ''[[Micrurus paraensis]]'' <small>DA CUNHA & NASCIMENTO, 1973</small>
* ''[[Micrurus peruvianus]]'' <small>SCHMIDT, 1936</small>
* ''[[Micrurus petersi]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus potyguara]]'' <small>PIRES, DA SILVA Jr, FEITOSA, PRUDENTE, PREIRA-FILHO & ZAHER, 2014</small>
* ''[[Micrurus proximans]]'' <small>SMITH & CHRAPLIWY, 1958</small>
* ''[[Micrurus psyches]]'' <small>(DAUDIN, 1803)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus putumayensis]]'' <small>LANCINI, 1962</small>
* ''[[Micrurus pyrrhocryptus]]'' <small>(COPE, 1862)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus remotus]]'' <small>ROZE, 1987</small>
* ''[[Micrurus renjifoi]]'' <small>(LAMAR, 2003)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus ruatanus]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1895)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus sangilensis]]'' <small>NICEFORO MARIA, 1942</small>
* ''[[Micrurus scutiventris]]'' <small>(COPE, 1869)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus serranus]]'' <small>HARVEY, APARICIO & GONZALEZ, 2003</small>
* ''[[Micrurus silviae]]'' <small>DI BERNARDO, BORGES-MARTINS & DA SILVA, 2007</small>
* ''[[Micrurus spixii]]'' <small>WAGLER, 1824</small>
* ''[[Micrurus spurrelli]]'' <small>(BOULENGER, 1914)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus steindachneri]]'' <small>(WERNER, 1901)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus stewarti]]'' <small>BARBOUR & AMARAL, 1928</small>
* ''[[Micrurus stuarti]]'' <small>ROZE, 1967</small>
* ''[[Micrurus surinamensis]]'' <small>(CUVIER, 1817)</small>
* ''[[Micrurus tener]]'' <small>BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853</small> - [[Ular-karang Texas]]
* ''[[Micrurus tikuna]]'' <small>FEITOSA, DA SILVA Jr, PIRES, ZAHER & PRUDENTE, 2015</small>
* ''[[Micrurus tschudii]]'' <small>JAN, 1858</small>
}}
=== Genus ''Sinomicrurus'' (Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson, 2001) ===
[[Berkas:Sinomicrurus sauteri w0073.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|''[[Sinomicrurus sauteri]]'']]
* ''[[Sinomicrurus hatori]]'' <small>(TAKAHASHI, 1930)</small>
* ''[[Sinomicrurus houi]]'' <small>WANG, PENG & HUANG, 2018</small>
* ''[[Sinomicrurus japonicus]]'' <small>(GÜNTHER, 1868)</small>
* ''[[Sinomicrurus kelloggi]]'' <small>(POPE, 1928)</small>
* ''[[Sinomicrurus macclellandi]]'' <small>(REINHARDT, 1844)</small>
* ''[[Sinomicrurus sauteri]]'' <small>(STEINDACHNER, 1913)</small>
==
{{reflist}}
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* [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] 1896. ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ)...'' Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (''Elaps'', 28 species, pp. 411–433 + Plate XX.)
* [[Janis Roze|Roze, J.A.]] 1996. ''Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms''. Krieger. Malabar, Florida. 340 pp. {{ISBN|978-0894648472}}.
* Tanaka G. D., Furtado Md. F. D., Portaro F. C. V., Sant'Anna O. A. & Tambourgi D. V. (2010). "Diversity of ''Micrurus'' Snake Species Related to Their Venom Toxic Effects and the Prospective of Antivenom Neutralization". ''[[PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]'' '''4'''(3): e622. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pntd.0000622}}
* {{es}} Universidad de Costa Rica (2009). ''[http://icp.ucr.ac.cr/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=15&Itemid=30&lang=es El envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente en Centroamérica]'' ("Snakebite poisonings in Central America"). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica.
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* {{NRDB genus|genus=Calliophis}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Hemibungarus}}
* {{NRDB species|genus=Micruroides|species=euryxanthus}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Micrurus}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Sinomicrurus}}
[[Kategori:Ular berbisa]]
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