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Baris 8: \|map = RFE Broadcast Regions crop.jpg \|msize = 300px \|mcaption = Kawasan penyiaran RFE/RL ~~Broadcast Region~~pada 2009 \|abbreviation = RFE/RL \|motto = Free Media in Unfree Societies \|formation = 1949 (Radio Free Europe), 1953 (Radio Liberty), 1976 (bergabung) \|type = [[501(c)\|Perusahaan Sec 501(c)3 nirlaba swasta]] \|purpose = ~~Broadcast~~Penyiaran ~~Media~~media \|headquarters = Prague Broadcast Center \|location = [[Praha]] Baris 20: \|leader_title = Manajer Interim \|leader_name = John Giambalvo, Nenad Pejic (sejak 28 Februari 2014);<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/rferl-appoints-interim-managers/25281045.html RFE/RL Appoints Interim Managers], RFE/RL, February 28, 2014</ref> Jeffrey Shell (ketua dewan RFE/RL sejak Oktober 2013).<ref>[http://www.bbg.gov/wp-content/media/2013/10/Resolution-Regarding-the-Boards-of-Directors-of-BBG-Funded-Grantees.pdf Resolution] Regarding the Boards of Directors of BBG-Funded Grantees, BBG, October 23, 2013.</ref> \|parent_organization = [[~~Broadcasting~~Badan ~~Board~~Media ofGlobal ~~Governors~~Amerika Serikat]]▼ ~~\|audience = 18 juta (FY 13 tanpa duplikat)~~ ▲\|parent_organization = [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]] \|num_staff = 487 \|num_volunteers = Baris 29 ⟶ 28: }} '''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''' ('''RFE'''/'''RL''') adalah badan penyiaran [[media negara\|milik negara]] [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menyediakan berita, informasi, dan analisis ke negara-negara di [[Eropa Timur]], [[Asia Tengah]], dan [[Timur Tengah]] yang "kemampuan penyaluran informasinya belum berkembang atau dilarang oleh pemerintah".<ref>[{{Cite web \|url=http://www.rferl.org/section/FAQ/777.html#section5 \|title=About RFE/RL - FAQs] \|access-date=2015-12-23 \|archive-date=2015-03-25 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325202157/http://www.rferl.org/section/FAQ/777.html#section5 \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> RFE/RL adalah perusahaan [[Organisasi 501(c)#501(c)(3)\|501(c)(3)]] yang tidak menerima pembiayaan dari pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan diawasi oleh [[~~Broadcasting~~Badan ~~Board~~Media ofGlobal ~~Governors~~Amerika Serikat]], badan yang mengawasi seluruh layanan penyiaran internasional pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat.~~<ref>[http://www.bbg.gov Broadcasting Board of Governors (official site)]</ref>~~ RFE didirikan sebagai sumber berita anti-komunis pada tahun 1949 oleh [[National Committee for a Free Europe]], bagian dari [[Operasi Psikologis (Amerika Serikat)\|Operasi Psikologis]] besar-besaran semasa [[Perang Dingin]]. RL didirikan dua tahun kemudian dan kedua organisasi ini bersatu pada tahun 1976. RFE/RL menerima pendanaan dari [[Central Intelligence Agency]] sampai tahun 1972.<ref>John Prados, ''Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA'' (Ivan R. Dee, 2012).</ref> Pada tahun-tahun pertama RFE, CIA dan [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat\|Departemen Luar Negeri A.S.]] mengeluarkan serangkaian aturan kebijakan. Kebijakan penyiaran ditentukan lewat negosiasi antara kedua lembaga tersebut dan staf RFE.<ref name="Mickelson 1983 126">{{harvnb\|Mickelson\|1983\|p=126}}</ref> RFE/RL bermarkas di [[Englischer Garten]] di [[Munich]], [[Jerman]], pada tahun 1949 sampai 1995. Tahun 1995, markasnya pindah ke [[Praha]], [[Republik Ceko]]. Operasi penyiaran di Eropa menurun drastis sejak Perang Dingin berakhir. Selain kantor pusat, RFE juga memiliki 20 biro lokal di negara-negara yang masuk dalam wilayah siarannya serta satu kantor perusahaan di [[Washington, D.C.]] RFE/RL mengudara dalam 28 bahasa<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aferrz909tI Youtube.com]</ref> todi 21 ~~countries~~negara<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFERL.org]</ref> termasuk [[Armenia]], [[Rusia]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Irak]].<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFE/RL Coverage Map]</ref> == Lihat pula == Baris 47 ⟶ 46: * {{cite news\|last = Cummings\|first = Richard\|title = 'The Ether War: Hostile Intelligence Activities Directed Against Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and the Émigré Community in Munich during the Cold War.'\|publisher = ''Journal of Transatlantic Studies.'' Vol. 6, No. 2\|year = 2008\|ref = harv}} * Holt, Robert T. ''Radio Free Europe'' (U of Minnesota Press, 1958) * {{cite book\|last = Johnson\|first = Ian\|title = A Mosque in Munich\|url = https://archive.org/details/mosqueinmunichna0000john\|year = 2010\|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt\|ref = harv }} * Johnson, A. Ross and R. Eugene Parta (eds.), ''Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.'' (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010) * Machcewicz, Paweł. ''Poland's War on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989'' (Trans. by Maya Latynski. Cold War International History Project Series) (Stanford University Press, 2015). 456 pp. [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=43341 online review] * {{cite book\|last = Mickelson\|first = Sig\|title = America's Other Voice: the Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty\|url = https://archive.org/details/americasothervoi00mick\|location = New York\|publisher = Praeger Publishers\|year = 1983\|ref = harv}} * {{cite news\|last = Mikkonen\|first = Simo\|title = 'Stealing The Monopoly Of Knowledge?: Soviet Reactions To U.S. Cold War Broadcasting'\|publisher = ''Kritika: Explorations In Russian & Eurasian History''\|year = 2010\|ref = harv}} * {{cite book\|last = Puddington\|first = Arch\|title = Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty\|location = Lexington\|publisher = [[University Press of Kentucky]]\|year = 2003\|ref= harv}} * {{cite book\|last = Sosin\|first = Gene\|title = Sparks of Liberty: An Insider's Memoir of Radio Liberty\|url = https://archive.org/details/sparksoflibertyi0000sosi\|location = University Park\|publisher = [[Pennsylvania State University Press]]\|year = 1999\|ref = harv}} * Urban, George R. ''Radio Free Europe and the pursuit of democracy: My war within the cold war'' (Yale University Press, 1997), He was the director of RFE in the 1980s Baris 63 ⟶ 62: {{Commons category\|Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} * [http://www.rferl.org/ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty], official website * [http://hoorferl.stanford.edu/RFE/exhibits_show.php?id=1 Hoover Institution Archives: Radio Liberty: 50 Years - Time Line] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018053417/http://hoorferl.stanford.edu/RFE/exhibits_show.php?id=1 \|date=2013-10-18 }} * [http://osaarchivum.org/db/fa/300.htm Open Society Archives: Records of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723194303/http://osaarchivum.org/db/fa/300.htm \|date=2015-07-23 }} * [https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/104/radio-free-europe-and-radio-liberty Wilson Center Digital Archive: Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty Collection] * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9x0nb3wc/ The Sig Mickelson papers] are available at the Hoover Institution Archives Baris 71 ⟶ 70: * [http://www.radioliberty.org Pals Radio Station Museum/] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070621175054/http://www.btinternet.com/~rrnotes/psywarsoc/fleaf/rfe.htm The Cold War Leaflet Campaign of Radio Free Europe] * [http://www.thegreatradiowar.com Documentary about RFE - Tell us your story] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517015758/http://thegreatradiowar.com/ \|date=2015-05-17 }} * [http://www.radioliberty.org Museum of the Radio Transmitter in Playa de Pals] (shortwave radio Liberty station in Spain) * [http://www.englishradio.co.uk European English Language Radio Stations] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218100430/http://www.englishradio.co.uk/ \|date=2006-12-18 }} * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xii/index.htm Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976, volume XII (Soviet Union, January 1969-October 1970)] * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xiv/index.htm FRUS volume XIV (Soviet Union, October 1971-May 1972)] * [https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/frus1969.pdf United States Government Support of Covert Action Directed at the Soviet Union: Memorandum for the 303 Committee Washington, December 9, 1969] Mentions a FY 1970 budget of $13,130,000 for the Radio Liberty Committee * [ftp://realaudio.rferl.org/ru/sosin.pdf Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035606/http://realaudio.rferl.org/ru/sosin.pdf \|date=2011-07-22 }} * {{Internet Archive short film\|id=gov.archives.arc.648946\|name=1956 Crusade for Freedom (1956)}} * {{Internet Archive short film\|id=gov.archives.arc.1956144\|name=Radio Free Europe (1960)}} * {{Internet Archive short film\|id=gov.archives.arc.1718448\|name=Eagle Cage (1960)}} {{U.S. Agency for Global Media}} ~~{{Broadcasting Board of Governors}}~~ {{Perang Dingin}} {{Telekomunikasi}} Baris 90 ⟶ 89: [[Kategori:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\| ]] [[Kategori:Stasiun radio yang didirikan tahun 1949]] [[Kategori:Penyiaran internasional]] [[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1949 di New York]] [[Kategori:Organisasi Perang Dingin]] [[Kategori:Organisasi propaganda pemerintah Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:~~Anti-komunisme~~Antikomunisme]] [[Kategori:Organisasi anti-komunis]] [[Kategori:Organisasi terdepan Central Intelligence Agency]] [[Kategori:Stasiun radio berbahasa Rusia]] [[Kategori:Hubungan Amerika ~~Serikat–Uni~~Serikat dengan Uni Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Munich]] [[Kategori:Praha]]