Louis Armstrong: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox musical artist
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|caption = Armstrong pada tahun 1953
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|background = solo_singer
|birth_name = Louis Armstrong
|birth_date = 4 Agustus 1901
|birth_place =[[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], Amerika Serikat
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|death_place =[[Corona, Queens|Corona]], [[Queens]], [[New York City]]
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'''Louis Armstrong'''<ref>Ia suka namanya dilafalkan sebagai '''Louie'''. "It's like Louis Armstrong - he spelled his name Louis, but he liked it to be said as Louie," begitu menurut [[Louie Bellson]] [http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/Louie%20Bellson_12.htm]. Armstrong menuliskan namanya sebagai "Lewie" pada [[Sensus Amerika Serikat 1920|sensus tahun 1920]]. Pada berbagai rekaman konser, dia dipanggil "Louie" di atas panggung, seperti pada lagu "Can Anyone Explain?" (1952) dari album konser ''In Scandinavia vol.1''. "Lewie" adalah pelafalan bahasa
Namanya terkenal pada tahun 1920-an sebagai pemain [[trompet]] dan [[kornet]] yang "inventif", Armstrong mempengaruhi dasar-dasar musik jazz, menggeser fokus musik jazz dari improvisasi kolektif menjadi penampilan solo. Berkat suara seraknya yang berat, khas, dan mudah dikenali, Armstrong sekaligus seorang penyanyi berpengaruh, menunjukkan kecekatan dalam improvisasi, melencengkan lirik dan melodi dari sebuah lagu untuk mengungkapkan ekspresi. Ia juga sangat terampil bernyanyi [[scat (jazz)|scat]] (melantunkan bunyi-bunyian dan suku kata sebagai pengganti lirik).
Dikenal sebagai sosok karismatik di atas panggung, suara parau sekaligus permainan trompetnya, pengaruh Armstrong jauh melampaui musik jazz. Pada akhir kariernya pada tahun 1960-an, ia secara luas dianggap berpengaruh besar terhadap musik populer secara umum. Armstrong adalah salah satu dari penghibur Afrika-Amerika populer pertama yang berhasil "lintas ras". Di Amerika Serikat yang waktu itu sangat terbagi menurut ras, musiknya justru lebih penting daripada warna kulitnya. Ia jarang memolitikkan rasnya sehingga sering mengecewakan sesama Afrika-Amerika. Namun ia bersikap tegas mengenai [[desegregasi]] dalam kasus [[Krisis Little Rock]]. Keahlian sebagai seniman dan kepribadiannya membuat Louis Armstrong diterima secara sosial di kalangan atas masyarakat Amerika yang waktu itu sangat jarang dimasuki pria kulit hitam.
== Penghargaan ==
=== Grammy Award ===
Pada tahun 1972, Armstrong menerima secara anumerta [[Penghargaan Grammy Prestasi Seumur Hidup]] dari Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Penghargaan ini diberikan berdasarkan pemungutan suara untuk artis yang sepanjang hidupnya telah memberikan kontribusi artistik luar biasa dalam bidang rekaman.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/ |title=Lifetime Achievement Award |publisher=Grammy.com |date=February 8, 2009 |accessdate=August 17, 2009 |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513210429/http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
|-
|colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Grammy Award'''
|-
! Tahun
! Kategori
! Judul
! Genre
! Label
! Hasil
|- align=center
|1964
|Penampilan Vokal Pria
|"[[Hello, Dolly! (lagu)|Hello, Dolly!]]"
|Pop
|Kapp
|Menang
|}
=== Grammy Hall of Fame ===
Rekaman-rekaman Armstrong mendapat [[Grammy Hall of Fame Award|Grammy Hall of Fame]], penghargaan Grammy istimewa yang mulai diberikan pada tahun 1973 untuk menghormati rekaman berusia lebih dari dua puluh lima tahun, dan memiliki "nilai penting secara kualitatif dan historis".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame |title=Grammy Hall of Fame Database |publisher=Grammy.com |date=February 8, 2009 |accessdate=August 17, 2009 |archive-date=2015-04-10 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6XgCr7uEi?url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grammy.com/PressReleases/443_466_Hall%20of%20Fame%20release%20FINAL.pdf |title=The Recording Academy |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=August 17, 2009 |archive-date=2009-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612184539/http://www.grammy.com/PressReleases/443_466_Hall%20of%20Fame%20release%20FINAL.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
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|colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Grammy Hall of Fame'''
|-
! Tahun rekaman
! Judul
! Genre
! Label
! Tahun diterima
! Catatan
|- align=center
|1929
|"[[St. Louis Blues (lagu)|St. Louis Blues]]"
|[[Jazz]] (Singel)
|OKeh
|2008
|bersama Bessie Smith
|- align=center
|1928
|"Weather Bird"
|Jazz (singel)
|OKeh
|2008
|bersama [[Earl Hines]]
|- align=center
|1930
|"[[Standing on the Corner (Blue Yodel No. 9)|Blue Yodel #9<br>(Standing on the Corner)]]"
|Country (singel)
|Victor
|2007
|Jimmie Rodgers (Featuring Louis Armstrong)
|- align=center
|1932
|"[[All of Me (lagu)|All of Me]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|Columbia
|2005
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|- align=center
|1958
|''[[Porgy and Bess (Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong album)|Porgy and Bess]]''
|Jazz (Album)
|Verve
|2001
|bersama [[Ella Fitzgerald]]
|- align=center
|1964
|"[[Hello, Dolly! (lagu)|Hello Dolly!]]"
|Pop (singel)
|Kapp
|2001
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|- align=center
|1926
|"[[Heebie Jeebies (komposisi)|Heebie Jeebies]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|OKeh
|1999
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|- align=center
|1968
|"[[What a Wonderful World]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|ABC
|1999
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|- align=center
|1955
|"[[Mack the Knife]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|Columbia
|1997
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|- align=center
|1925
|"[[St. Louis Blues (lagu)|St. Louis Blues]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|Columbia
|1993
|[[Bessie Smith]] with Louis Armstrong, cornet
|- align=center
|1928
|"[[West End Blues]]"
|Jazz (singel)
|OKeh
|1974
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|}
=== Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ===
[[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] memasukkan lagu ''West End Blues'' dari Armstrong ke dalam daftar 500 lagu yang telah membentuk Rock and Roll.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rockhall.com/exhibits/one-hit-wonders-songs-that-shaped-rock-and-roll/ |title=Experience The Music: One Hit Wonders and The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll |publisher=Rockhall.com |date= |accessdate=May 7, 2011 |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509180015/http://rockhall.com/exhibits/one-hit-wonders-songs-that-shaped-rock-and-roll/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
|-
! Tahun rekaman
! Judul
! Label
! Grup
|- align=center
|1928
|[[West End Blues]]
|[[Okeh Records|Okeh]]
|[[Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five]]
|}
=== Penghormatan ===
Pada tahun 1995, the [[List of people on stamps of the United States|Kantor Pos Amerika Serikat]] menerbitkan prangko peringatan 32 sen Louis Armstrong.
{|class=wikitable
|-
! Tahun
! Pemberi
! Hasil
! Catatan
|- align=center
|2007
|[[Louisiana Music Hall of Fame]]
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|- align=center
|2007
|[[Gennett Records]] Walk of Fame, [[Richmond, Indiana]]
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|- align=center
|2007
|[[Long Island Music Hall of Fame]]
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|- align=center
|2004
|Nesuhi Ertegün Jazz Hall of Fame<br />at [[Jazz at Lincoln Center]]
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|- align=center
|1990
|[[List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees|Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]
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|Pengaruh awal
|- align=center
|1978
|[[Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame]]
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|- align=center
|1952
|[[Down Beat|Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame]]
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|- align=center
|1960<ref name=HollywoodWalkOfFame>{{cite web|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/louis-armstrong |title=Hollywood Walk of Fame |publisher=Walkoffame.com |date=1960-02-08 |accessdate=2011-10-02}}</ref>
|[[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
|Star
|at 7601 Hollywood Blvd.
|}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
Baris 33 ⟶ 215:
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.
* [http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive/MarchApril00/archive-louisarmstrong.html Louis Armstrong by Nat Hentoff]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0804.html Obituary, NY Times]
* [http://www.satchmo.com/louisarmstrong/quotes.html Quotes and tributes]
* [http://www.michaelminn.net/armstrong Discography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812185050/http://www.michaelminn.net/armstrong/ |date=2007-08-12 }}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001918/ Filmography] @ [http://www.imdb.com imdb.com]
* [http://www.larmstrongsoc.org The Louis Armstrong Society Jazz Band]
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/40982/louis-armstrong-a-life-in-music Louis Armstrong: A Life in Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513192639/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/40982/louis-armstrong-a-life-in-music |date=2010-05-13 }} - slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''
* [http://www.seeingblack.com/x040901/armstrong.shtml ''Seeing Black'' jazz critic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020814201249/http://www.seeingblack.com/x040901/armstrong.shtml |date=2002-08-14 }} on the Uncle Tom question
* [http://www.louisarmstronghouse.org/ the official website of the Louis Armstrong House & Archives]
* [http://www.themeister.co.uk/dixie/dixieland_jazz.htm "Louis Armstrong Transcription Project - john p birchall"]
* [http://pbskids.org/jazz/nowthen/louis.html Louis Armstrong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527024840/http://pbskids.org/jazz/nowthen/louis.html |date=2006-05-27 }} at pbskids.org
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/opinion/23margolick.html David Margolick, The Day Louis Armstrong Made Noise]
* [http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/armstrong/index.htm Smithsonian] Louis Armstrong: A Cultural Legacy
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=36 Louis Armstrong Memorial] at [[Find A Grave]]
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15185958 Louis Armstrong at NPR Music]
* [http://redhotjazz.com/louie.html Louis Armstrong: discography and early recordings (Real Player format)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501141638/http://redhotjazz.com/louie.html |date=2014-05-01 }} on the Red Hot Jazz website.
* [http://www.threeperfectminutes.com/search/label/Louis%20Armstrong Milestone Louis Armstrong recordings] at Three Perfect Minutes
* Louis Armstrong's autobiography online book
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{{lifetime|1901|1971|Armstrong}}
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[[Kategori:Pemusik jazz]]
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