Alfabet fonetik NATO: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

'''International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet''', biasa disebut '''alfabet fonetik [[ICAO]]''', dan kadang juga ditulis '''alfabet fonetik dan kode angka ITU''' dan '''alfabet fonetik [[NATO]]''', adalah [[alfabet eja]] radiotelepon yang paling banyak digunakan. Meski sering disebut "alfabet fonetik", alfabet eja tidak sama dengan sistem [[transkripsi fonetik]] seperti [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. Alfabet [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) adalah kode [[akrofoni]] yang disesuaikan dengan huruf-huruf [[alfabet Inggris]], jadi huruf dan angkanya harus bisa diucapkan dan dipahami oleh orang-orang yang bertukar pesan suara lewat radio atau telepon tanpa memandang bahasa ibu atau kualitas saluran komunikasinya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icao.int/Pages/AlphabetRadiotelephony.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-04-27 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320140711/http://www.icao.int/Pages/AlphabetRadiotelephony.aspx |archivedate=20 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

 

 

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! align="center" | [[A]]

| '''Alfa'''<!--Apparent misspelling only. The correct spelling is Alfa, not Alpha. Chosen by ICAO to facilitate English pronunciation for non-English speakers.-->

|-

! align="center" | [[B]]

|'''Bravo'''

|-

! align="center" | [[C]]

|'''Charlie'''

|-

! align="center" | [[D]]

|'''Delta'''

|-

! align="center" | [[E]]

|'''Echo'''

|-

! align="center" | [[F]]

|'''Foxtrot'''

|-

! align="center" | [[G]]

|'''Golf'''

|-

! align="center" | [[H]]

|'''Hotel'''

|-

! align="center" | [[I]]

|<!--Do not change; it's India, not indigo-->'''India'''

|-

! align="center" | [[J]]

| '''Juliett'''<!--Apparent misspelling only. Chosen by ICAO to facilitate English pronunciation for non-English speakers.-->

|-

! align="center" | [[K]]

|'''Kilo'''

|-

! align="center" | [[L]]

|'''Lima'''

|-

! align="center" | [[M]]

|'''Mike'''

|-

! align="center" | [[N]]

|'''November'''

|-

! align="center" | [[O]]

|'''Oscar'''

|-

! align="center" | [[P]]

|'''Papa'''

|-

! align="center" | [[Q]]

|'''Quebec'''

|-

! align="center" | [[R]]

|'''Romeo'''

|-

! align="center" | [[S]]

| '''Sierra'''

|-

! align="center" | [[T]]

|'''Tango'''

|-

! align="center" | [[U]]

|'''Uniform'''

|-

! align="center" | [[V]]

|'''Victor'''

|-

! align="center" | [[W]]

|'''Whiskey'''

|-

! align="center" | [[X]]

|-

! align="center" | [[Y]]

|'''Yankee'''

|-

! align="center" | [[Z]]

|'''Zulu'''

|-

|Zero

|-

|One

|-

|Two

|-

|Three

|-

|Four

|-

|Five

|-

|Six

|-

|Seven

|-

|Eight

|-

|Nine

|-

|-

|Hundred

|-

|Thousand

|-

|-

|}

 

Alfabet ini didefinisikan oleh berbagai konvensi radio internasional, termasuk:

* Universal Electrical Communications Union, Washington, D.C., Desember 1920<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVgNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101|title=Draft of Convention and Regulations, Washington, D.C., December, 1920|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

* General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Kairo, 1938)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/TelegraphAndTelephoneConferences.aspx?conf=4.29|title=General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Cairo, 1938)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2017-10-30}}</ref>

* Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.62.43.en.100|title=Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947)|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> where "it was decided that the International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aeronautical organizations would assume the responsibility for procedures and regulations related to aeronautical communication. However, ITU would continue to maintain general procedures regarding distress signals."

* [[ITU-R|International Telecommunications Union, Radio]]

* International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (direvisi 2003)<ref>{{citation|title=International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003)|url=http://www.seasources.net/PDF/PUB102.pdf|year=1969|ref=CITEREFICS1969}} <!-- Another possible link for pub102:

{{cite web

!UECU 1920<ref name=":1" />

!International Radiotelegraph Convention (CCIR) 1927 (Washington, D.C.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/5.20.61.en.100.pdf|title=Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

!Kode International Radiocommunication Conference 1938 (Kairo)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.50.43.en.100.pdf|title=General Radiocommunication Regulations (Revision of Cairo, 1938; Additional Radiocommunication regulations (revision of Cairo, 1938); Additional Protocol.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

!International Radio Conference 1947 (Atlantic City)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.62.43.en.100.pdf|title=Radio Regulations Annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention (Atlantic City, 1947)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

!ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet|Joint Army/Navy]])<ref name=":32" />

!ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK)

 

!ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947<ref name=":32" />

!Proposal IATA ke ICAO 1947<ref name=":32" />

Untuk fonetik 1938 dan 1947, setiap pengucapan angka didahului dan diikuti oleh pengucapan "as a number" sebanyak dua kali.

 

 

Pengucapan tidak ditetapkan sebelum 1959. Untuk fonetik 1959–sekarang, suku kata bergaris bawah di setiap kata-huruf harus dipertegas dan setiap suku kata kode angka (1969–sekarang) juga harus dipertegas.

!ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet|Joint Army/Navy]])<ref name=":32" />

!ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK)

 

!Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)<ref name=":2" />

!ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947<ref name=":32" />

!Kode ICAO 1949<ref name=":32" />

!Kode ICAO 1951<ref name=":4" />

|}

 

 

* "Delta" diganti dengan "Data", "Dixie", atau "David" di bandara yang sering dikunjungi maskapai [[Delta Air Lines]] seperti [[Bandar Udara Internasional Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta]] agar tidak membingungkan karena "Delta" juga merupakan kode panggil Delta.<ref>Civil Aviation Authority, [http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP704.pdf "Aircraft Call Sign Confusion Evaluation Safety Study"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041224034105/http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP704.pdf |date=24 December 2004 }}, April 2000</ref>

 

* [[International Code of Signals]]

* [[Alfabet eja]]

* [[Daftar kata PGP]]

 

{{reflist|group="Note"}}

 

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

 

{{Wiktionary|ICAO spelling alphabet}}

* [http://www.icao.int/ Public ICAO site]

* [http://militarytimechart.com/military-phonetic-alphabet/ The Military Alphabet (Phonetic from Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta to Zulu)]