Alfabet fonetik NATO: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Menolak 3 perubahan teks terakhir (oleh 36.72.213.185, 120.188.66.193 dan Nohirara) dan mengembalikan revisi 14802250 oleh Veracious Tag: Pengembalian manual |
Membalikkan revisi 22990019 oleh 182.1.177.86 (bicara) Tag: Pembatalan halaman dengan galat kutipan |
||
(25 revisi perantara oleh 10 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{distinguish|Alfabet Fonetik Internasional}}
[[Berkas:FAA Phonetic and Morse Chart2.svg|jmpl|350px|ka|Alfabet radiotelefoni FAA dan tabel [[kode Morse]]]]{{listen|filename=NATO_Phonetic_Alphabet_reading.ogg|title=ICAO phonetic alphabet|description=rekaman suara: alfabet fonetik ICAO}}
Baris 19 ⟶ 20:
== Pengucapan kode ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!'''Pengucapan''' ([[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|AFI]])<ref>DIN 5009:2022-06, Anhang B: Buchstabiertafel der ICAO („Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet“)</ref>
|-
! align="center" | [[A]]
| '''Alfa'''<!--Apparent misspelling only. The correct spelling is Alfa, not Alpha. Chosen by ICAO to facilitate English pronunciation for non-English speakers.-->
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[B]]
|'''Bravo'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[C]]
|'''Charlie'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[D]]
|'''Delta'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[E]]
|'''Echo'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[F]]
|'''Foxtrot'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[G]]
|'''Golf'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[H]]
|'''Hotel'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[I]]
|<!--Do not change; it's India, not indigo-->'''India'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[J]]
| '''Juliett'''<!--Apparent misspelling only. Chosen by ICAO to facilitate English pronunciation for non-English speakers.-->
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[K]]
|'''Kilo'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[L]]
|'''Lima'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[M]]
|'''Mike'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[N]]
|'''November'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[O]]
|'''Oscar'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[P]]
|'''Papa'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[Q]]
|'''Quebec'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[R]]
|'''Romeo'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[S]]
| '''Sierra'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[T]]
|'''Tango'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[U]]
|'''Uniform'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[V]]
|'''Victor'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[W]]
|'''Whiskey'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[X]]
|'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[Y]]
|'''Yankee'''
| {{IPA|
|-
! align="center" | [[Z]]
|'''Zulu'''
| {{IPA|
|-
![[
|Zero
| {{IPA|ˈziro}}
|-
![[
|One
| {{IPA|ˈwan}}
|-
![[
|Two
| {{IPA|ˈtu}}
|-
![[
|Three
| {{IPA|ˈtri}}
|-
![[
|Four
| {{IPA|ˈfoa}}
|-
![[
|Five
| {{IPA|ˈfai̯f}}
|-
![[
|Six
| {{IPA|ˈsɪks}}
|-
![[
|Seven
| {{IPA|ˈsɛvən}}
|-
![[
|Eight
| {{IPA|ˈei̯t}}
|-
![[
|Nine
| {{IPA|ˈnai̯na}}
|-
! ([[pemisah desimal]])
|Decimal
| {{IPA|ˈdeˈsiˈmal}}
|-
!00
|Hundred
| {{IPA|ˈhandrɛd}}
|-
!000
|Thousand
| {{IPA|ˈtau̯ˈzand}}
|-
! align="center" | [[Tanda hubung|-]]
|Hyphen
| {{IPA|ˈhai̯fən}}
|-
!
|Stop
| {{IPA|ˈstɔp}}
|}
Baris 449 ⟶ 196:
* General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Kairo, 1938)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/TelegraphAndTelephoneConferences.aspx?conf=4.29|title=General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Cairo, 1938)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2017-10-30}}</ref>
* Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1004/020.1000/4.62.43.en.100|title=Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947)|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> where "it was decided that the International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aeronautical organizations would assume the responsibility for procedures and regulations related to aeronautical communication. However, ITU would continue to maintain general procedures regarding distress signals."
* 1959 Administrative Radio Conference (Jenewa, 1959)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/02/S02020000014502PDFE.pdf|title=Administrative Radio Conference (Geneva, 1959)|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-date=2014-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215192629/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/02/S02020000014502PDFE.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* [[ITU-R|International Telecommunications Union, Radio]]
* Final Acts of WARC-79 (Jenewa, 1979).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S02010000394002PDFE.PDF|title=Final Acts of WARC-79 (Geneva, 1979)|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-date=2014-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108170745/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S02010000394002PDFE.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Here the alphabet was formally named "Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code".
* International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (direvisi 2003)<ref>{{citation|title=International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003)|url=http://www.seasources.net/PDF/PUB102.pdf|year=1969|ref=CITEREFICS1969}} <!-- Another possible link for pub102:
{{cite web
Baris 468 ⟶ 215:
!UECU 1920<ref name=":1" />
!International Radiotelegraph Convention (CCIR) 1927 (Washington, D.C.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/5.20.61.en.100.pdf|title=Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
!General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN) 1932<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.faa.gov/news/safety_briefing/2012/media/NovDec2012Translation.pdf|title=(Don't Get) Lost in Translation|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.qsl.net/wd8das/RadioCodes.pdf|title=Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations|last=Alcorn|first=John|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603053050/http://www.qsl.net/wd8das/RadioCodes.pdf|archive-date=2016-06-03|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}</ref>
!Kode International Radiocommunication Conference 1938 (Kairo)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.50.43.en.100.pdf|title=General Radiocommunication Regulations (Revision of Cairo, 1938; Additional Radiocommunication regulations (revision of Cairo, 1938); Additional Protocol.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
!International Radio Conference 1947 (Atlantic City)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.62.43.en.100.pdf|title=Radio Regulations Annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention (Atlantic City, 1947)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
!ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet|Joint Army/Navy]])<ref name=":32" />
!ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK)
<ref name=":0" />
<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure|last=Myers, Capt., U.S.N.|first=G. B.|last2=Charles, Cdr., R.N.V.R.|first2=B. P.|date=1945-02-14|publisher=Combined Communications Board|year=1945|isbn=|location=Washington 25, D. C.|pages=1, 2}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.n7cfo.com/tgph/Dwnlds/sigcorps/FM24-12.pdf|title=FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref
!Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|title=Item 48 in the Friedman Collection: Letter from Everett Conder to William F. Friedman, February 11, 1952.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106201729/http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|archive-date=2021-11-06|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}</ref>
!ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947<ref name=":32" />
!Proposal IATA ke ICAO 1947<ref name=":32" />
Baris 1.306 ⟶ 1.053:
Untuk fonetik 1938 dan 1947, setiap pengucapan angka didahului dan diikuti oleh pengucapan "as a number" sebanyak dua kali.
ITU mengadopsi alfabet eja fonetik [[International Maritime Organization]] pada tahun 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S020100004B4804PDFE.PDF|title=Documents of the World Administrative Radio Conference to deal with matters relating to the maritime mobile service (WARC Mar) (Geneva, 1967)|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-date=2015-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710081939/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/01/S020100004B4804PDFE.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tahun 1969, ITU menyatakan alasannya "untuk diterapkan pada komunikasi laut saja".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/0A/S020A0000765302PDFE.PDF|title=Report on the Activities of The International Telecommunication Union in 1967|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-date=2015-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710081915/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/0A/S020A0000765302PDFE.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Pengucapan tidak ditetapkan sebelum 1959. Untuk fonetik 1959–sekarang, suku kata bergaris bawah di setiap kata-huruf harus dipertegas dan setiap suku kata kode angka (1969–sekarang) juga harus dipertegas.
Baris 1.320 ⟶ 1.067:
!ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti [[Allied Military Phonetic Spelling Alphabet|Joint Army/Navy]])<ref name=":32" />
!ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK)
<ref name=":
<ref name=":
!Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)<ref name=":2" />
!ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947<ref name=":32" />
|