Asam domoat: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Asam domoat''' adalah [[neurotoksin]] yang menyebabkan [[keracunan kerang amnesik]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clayden|first1=Jonathan|last2=Read|first2=Benjamin|last3=Hebditch|first3=Katherine|title=Chemistry of domoic acid, isodomoic acids, and their analogues|url=http://clor2.ch.man.ac.uk/~jpc-website/downloadable/published%20pdfs/donizetti.pdf|accessdate=2 April 2015|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003122/http://clor2.ch.man.ac.uk/~jpc-website/downloadable/published%20pdfs/donizetti.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Asam ini dihasilkan oleh [[alga]] dan berakumulasi dalam kerang, [[sarden]], dan [[teri]]. [[Singa laut]], manusia, atau predator lainnya yang memakan ikan atau kerang yang terkontaminasi dapat mengalami keracunan. Asam ini berdampak terhadap [[otak]] dan memicu kejang yang dapat berujung pada kematian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Domoic Acid Toxicity|url=http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html|website=The Marine Mammal Center|accessdate=2 April 2015|archive-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624015501/http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Mekanisme dampak ==
Asam domoat merupakan analog dari [[glutamat]], yaitu [[neurotransmiter]] yang mengaktifkan [[reseptor glutamat]] di otak. Asam domoat memiliki afinitas yang tinggi terhadap reseptor-reseptor tersebut, akibatnya otak menjadi terlalu terangsang dan akhirnya malah merusak [[hipokampus]] dan nukleus [[amigdala|amigdaloid]]. Asam ini merusak neuron dengan mengaktifkan [[AMPAreseptor kainat]] dan [[reseptor kainatAMPA]], yang mendatangkan kalsium dalam jumlah yang tak terkendali. Walaupun kalsium biasanya mengalir ke dalam sel, jika jumlahnya berlebihan maka sel akan mengalami degenerasi. Akibat rusaknya hipokampus, orang yang terkena dampak neurotoksin ini dapat mengalami kehilangan ingatan jangka pendek. Asam domoat juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal, termasuk dalam kadar yang dianggap aman untuk konsumsi manusia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pulido|first1=Olga|title=Domoic Acid Toxicologic Pathology: A Review|journal=Mar Drugs|date=2008|pmc=2525487|pmid=18728725|doi=10.3390/md20080010|volume=6|issue=2|pages=180–219}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Torrey|title=Toxin in seafood causes kidney damage in mice at levels considered safe for consumption|url=http://www.avantemedicalcenter.com/news-info/avante-blog/127-toxin-in-seafood-causes-kidney-damage-in-mice-at-levels-considered-safe-for-consumption.html|website=avante medical center|access-date=2019-02-14|archive-date=2019-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214233343/https://www.avantemedicalcenter.com/news-info/avante-blog/127-toxin-in-seafood-causes-kidney-damage-in-mice-at-levels-considered-safe-for-consumption.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Toksikologi ==
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== Pranala luar ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.inter.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Gulf/DAPR |title=Domoic Acid and ''Pseudo-nitzschia'' References |publisher=[[Fisheries and Oceans Canada]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204023151/http://www.inter.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Gulf/DAPR |archivedate=2013-12-04 |df= }}
* {{ cite web | url = http://www.issha.org/Welcome-to-ISSHA/Harmful-Algae-Links/Phycotoxins/Domoic-Acid-ASP | title = Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, Domoic Acid, and ''Pseudo-nitzschia'' | publisher = International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae ISSHA | access-date = 2019-02-14 | archive-date = 2013-12-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012507/http://www.issha.org/Welcome-to-ISSHA/Harmful-Algae-Links/Phycotoxins/Domoic-Acid-ASP | dead-url = yes }}
* {{ cite web | url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/animal/pim670.htm | title = Domoic acid | publisher = IPCS INCHEM }}
* {{ cite web | url = http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/shellfish/razorclams/domoic_acid.html | title = Domoic Acid - A Major Concern to Washington State’s Shellfish Lovers | publisher = Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife }}
* {{ cite web | url = http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html | title = Domoic Acid Toxicity | access-date = 2019-02-14 | archive-date = 2016-06-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160624015501/http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html | dead-url = yes }}
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[[Kategori:Neurotoksin]]