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<!--{{redirect|Table of NationsBangsa-Bangsa}}<!--|adaftar list of countriesnegara|list ofDaftar sovereignnegara-negara statesmerdeka}}-->
[[Berkas:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg|thumbjmpl|[[:en:T and O map|Peta T dan O]], dari versi cetakan pertama ''[[Etymologiae]]'' karya [[Isidorus dari Sevilla|Isidore]], mengidentifikasi tiga benua yang dikenal identifies the three known continents as populated by descendants of [[Sem]], ''Iafeth'' ([[Yafet]]) dan ''Cham'' ([[Ham (tokoh Alkitab)|Ham]]).]]
[[Berkas:Noahsworld map.jpg|thumbjmpl|Dunia berdasarkan kitab-kitab Musa (peta tahun 1854)]]
'''Daftar keturunan Nuh''' ({{lang-en|Generations of Noah}}) juga disebut '''Tabel Bangsa-bangsa''' ({{lang-en|Table of Nations}}) [[Kejadian 10]] ({{KejAlkitab|Kejadian 10|9:1-32}}) dengan salinan dalam [[1 Tawarikh 1]] ({{Alkitab|1 Tawarikh 1:1-27}}) pada [[Alkitab Ibrani]] atau [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]]) merupakan suatu silsilah keturunan putra-putra [[Nuh]] serta penyebarannya ke berbagai tanah dan negeri setelah [[Air bah (Nuh)|Air Bah]],{{sfn|Rogers|2000|p=1271}} berfokus pada kelompok masyarakat utama pada zaman penulisan catatan tersebut. Istilah "bangsa-bangsa" merupakan terjemahan kata Ibrani "[[:en:goy|goy]]", yang kemudian pada tahun 400 M pada terjemahan Alkitab [[bahasa Latin]], [[Vulgata]] ditulis sebagai "nationes" / "nationibus", selanjutnya menjadi "nations" dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi tidak mempunyai konotasi politik yang sama dengan arti kata saat ini.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nation: The History of a Word|authors=Guido Zernatto and Alfonso G. Mistretta|journal=The Review of Politics|volume=6|issue=3|date=July 1944|pages=351–366|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=1404386|doi=10.1017/s0034670500021331}}</ref>
Daftar yang terdiri dari 70 nama untuk pertama kalinya memperkenalkan sejumlah [[:en:ethnonym|etonim]] dan [[:en:toponym|toponim]] yang penting dalam [[geografi]] alkitabiah<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06428c.htm "Biblical Geography," Catholic Encyclopedia]: "The ethnographical list in Genesis 10 is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the old general geography of the East, and its importance can scarcely be overestimated."</ref> seperti ketiga putra Nuh: [[Sem]], [[Ham (tokoh Alkitab)|Ham]] dan [[Yafet]], yang menurunkan [[Semit|rumpun bangsa Semit]], [[:en:Hamites|Hamit]] dan [[:en:Japhetites|Yafetit]], juga cucu-cucu Nuh tertentu yaitu [[Elam]], [[Ashur]], [[:en:Aram, son of Shem|Aram]], [[:en:Biblical Cush|Kush]], dan [[:en:Canaan (son of Ham)|Kanaan]], menurunkan bangsa Elam, [[Asyur]], [[Aram]], [[:en:Cush (Bible)#Later identifications|CushKush]] dan [[:en:Kanaanites|Kanaan]], juga keturunan berikutnya termasuk [[Eber]] (yang menurunkan "[[Ibrani]]"), raja-pemburu [[Nimrod]], bangsa [[Filistin]] dan putra-putra Kanaan termasuk [[:en:Heth (Bible)|Het]], Yebus dan Amorus, yang menurunkan [[bangsa Het]], [[:en:Jebusite|Yebus]] dan [[:en:AmoritesBangsa Amori|Amori]].
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AsKetika Christianity took[[Kekristenan]] overmengambil thealih Romandunia worldRomawi, itberkembanglah adoptedide thebahwa ideasemua thatpenduduk alldunia thediturunkan world'sdari peoples were descended from NoahNuh. Namun But the tradition of Hellenistic Jewishidentifikasi identificationstradisi ofYahudi theHelenistik ancestrymengenai ofleluhur variousberbagai peoplesbangsa, whichyang concentratessebenarnya verylebih muchterkonsentrasi onpada thedunia Mediterranean[[Laut world andTengah]] thedan [[NearTimur EastDekat]], andmenjadi isterentang describedmeluas. below,Bangsa-bangsa becamedi stretched.utara Northernyang peoplesberperan importantpenting topada thezaman LateRomawi RomanAkhir anddan medievaldunia world,abad suchpertengahan, asseperti theorang [[CeltsKelt]], [[SlavsBangsa Slavia|Slavia]], [[GermansBangsa Jerman|Jerman]] anddan [[Norsemen|Nors]] weretidak not coveredtercakup, nor were others ofdemikian thepula world'sbangsa-bangsa peopleslainnya. ABerbagai varietypengaturan oftelah arrangementsdiusulkan wereoleh devisedpara by scholarssarjana, with for example themisalnya [[Scythiansbangsa Skithia]], whoyang dotermasuk featureke indalam the traditiontradisi, being claimed as thedianggap ancestorssebagai ofleluhur muchsebagian ofbesar northernEropa EuropeUtara.<ref>Johnson, James William, "The Scythian: His Rise and Fall", ''Journal of the History of Ideas'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr., 1959), pp. 250-257, University of Pennsylvania Press, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2707822 JSTOR]</ref>
Menurut [[Joseph Blenkinsopp]], adanya [[70 (number)#In religion|70 nama]] pada daftar ini secara simbolis menunjukkan kesatuan ras manusia, terkoresponden dengan 70 keturunan Israel yang pindah ke Mesir bersama Yakub pada [[Kejadian 46]] ({{Alkitab|Kejadian 46:27}}) dan 70 tua-tua Israel yang bertemu dengan Allah bersama-sama Musa dalam upacara perjanjian pada [[Keluaran 24]] ({{Alkitab|Keluaran 24:1-9}}).{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156}}
According to [[Joseph Blenkinsopp]], the [[70 (number)#In religion|70 names]] in the list express symbolically the unity of the human race, corresponding to the 70 descendants of Israel who go down into Egypt with Jacob at {{bibleverse||Genesis|46:27|HE}} and the 70 elders of Israel who visit God with Moses at the covenant ceremony in {{bibleverse||Exodus|24:1–9|HE}}.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156}}
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== Catatan Alkitab ==
=== Kitab Kejadian ===
[[Berkas:Noah (Grigoriants' coll.).jpg|thumbjmpl|NoahNuh dividingmembagi thedunia worlddi betweenantara his sonsputra-putranya. AnonymousPelukis tak diketahui painternamanya; RussiaRusia, 18thAbad centuryke-18]]
[[Kejadian 1]][[Kejadian 11|–11]] disusun dari lima pernyataan ''toledot'' atau "silsilah" (" Inilah keturunan..."), di mana "keturunan Sem, Ham dan Yafet, anak-anak Nuh" adalah yang keempat. Peristiwa-peristiwa sebelum kisah [[Air bah (Nuh)|"Air Bah"]], "toledot" utama, berhubungan dengan kisah sesudahnya: dunia setelah Air Bah merupakan suatu penciptaan baru yang berkaitan dengan kisah penciptaan mula-mula, karena sebagaimana [[Adam]], Nuh mempunyai tiga putra yang akan memenuhi dunia. Keterkaitan itu berlanjut lebih jauh: ada 70 nama dalam daftar, terkait dengan 70 orang keturunan Israel yang pindah ke Mesir di akhir [[Kitab Kejadian]] dan 70 tua-tua Israel yang naik ke atas gunung Sinai untuk bertemu dengan Allah dalam [[Kitab Keluaran]]. Kekuatan simbolis angka-angka ini mendasari cara pengaturan nama-nama dalam kelompok tujuh, menunjukkan bahwa daftar itu mengandung makna simbolik obligasi moral universal.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=4,155–156}}
[[Kejadian 1]][[Kejadian 11|–11]] disusun dari lima pernyataan ''toledot'' atau "silsilah"<!-- ("these are the generations of..."), of which the "generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth," is the fourth. Events before the [[Genesis flood narrative]], the central toledot, correspond to those after: the post-Flood world is a new creation corresponding to the [[Genesis creation narrative]], and like [[Adam]], Noah has three sons who will populate the world. The correspondences extend forward as well: there are 70 names in the Table, corresponding to the 70 Israelites who go down into Egypt at the end of Genesis and to the 70 elders of Israel who go up the mountain with Sinai to meet with God in Exodus. The symbolic force of these numbers is underscored by the way the names are frequently arranged in groups of seven, suggesting that the Table is a symbolic means of implying universal moral obligation.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=4,155–156}}
-->
Struktur daftar ini pada [[Kejadian 10]] adalah:
* 1. Formula pembuka, ayat 1
* 4. Sem, ayat 21–31
* 5. Formula penutup, ayat 32.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=102}}
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The overall principle governing the assignment of various peoples within the Table is difficult to discern: it purports to describe all humankind, but restricts itself to the Egyptian lands of the south, the Mesopotamian lands, and Anatolia and the Ionian Greeks, and the "sons of Noah" are not organised by geography, language or ethnic groups within these regions.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=140–141}} The Table is in fact filled with difficulties: for example, the names Sheba and Havilah are listed twice, first as descendants of Cush the putra Ham (verse 7), and then as sons of Joktan, the great-grandsons of Shem, and while the Cushites are African in verses 6–7 they are Mesopotamians in verses 10–14.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=101–102}}
Keseluruhan prinsip yang mengatur berbagai bangsa dalam daftar ini sukar dicerna: dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan seluruh umat manusia, tetapi terbatas pada wilayah di selatan tanah Mesir, negeri-negeri Mesopotamia, Anatolia dan Yunani Ionia, lagi pula "Putra-putra Nuh" tidak diorganisir secara geografis, bahasa maupun kelompok etnis di dalam daerah-daerah ini.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=140–141}} Daftar ini nyatanya memuat sejumlah kesulitan: misalnya nama [[Syeba]] dan Hawilah dicatat dua kali, pertama sebagai keturunan Kush bin Ham (ayat 7), dan kemudian sebagai putra-putra Yoktan, cicit Sem, dan bilamana keturunan Kush adalah penduduk Afrika pada ayat 6–7, keturunan Yoktan adalah penduduk Mesopotamia pada ayat 10–14.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=101–102}}
The date of composition of Genesis 1–11 cannot be fixed with any precision, although it seems likely that an early brief nucleus was later expanded with extra data.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156–157}} Portions of the Table itself may derive from the 10th century, while others reflect the 7th century and [[Priestly source|priestly]] revisions in the 5th century.{{sfn|Rogers|2000|p=1271}} Its combination of world review, myth and genealogy corresponds to the work of the Greek historian [[Hecataeus of Miletus]], active c.520 BCE.{{sfn|Brodie|2001|p=186}}
[[Berkas:Hecataeus world map-en.svg|jmpl|ka|280px|Rekonstruksi peta [[Hekataios dari Miletos|Hekataios]] dari abad ke-6 SM]]
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Penyusunan Kejadian 1–11 tidak dapat ditetapkan secara tepat, meskipun tampaknya pada mulanya ada inti kisah yang pendek yang kembudian dikembangkan dengan data tambahan.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156–157}} Sebagian daftar mungkin diturunkan pada abad ke-10 SM, sementara bagian lain rupanya dari abad ke-7 dan [[Priestly source|revisi para imam]] pada abad ke-5.{{sfn|Rogers|2000|p=1271}} Kombinasi dari pandangan dunia, mitos dan silsilah tersebut dianggap berkaitan dengan tulisan sejarawan Yunani [[Hekataios dari Miletos]], yang aktif sekitar tahun 520 SM.{{sfn|Brodie|2001|p=186}}
=== Keturunan Yafet ===
<small>Sumber: {{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:2-5}}</small><br>
Keturunan Yafet ialah
# '''[[Gomer]]'''
# [[Magog (tokoh Alkitab)|Magog]]
# [[Madai]]
# '''[[Yawan]]'''
# [[Tubal]]
# [[Mesekh]] dan
# [[Tiras bin Yafet|Tiras]].
Keturunan [[Gomer]] ialah
# Askenas
# Rifat dan
# Togarma.
Keturunan [[Yawan]] ialah
# Elisa
# [[Tarsis]]
# orang [[Kitim]] dan
# orang Dodanim.
<small>Sumber: {{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:6-20}}</small><br>
Keturunan Ham ialah
# '''[[Kush]]'''
# '''[[Misraim]]'''
# [[Put]] dan
# '''[[Kanaan bin Ham|Kanaan]]'''.
Keturunan Kush ialah
# [[bangsa Het|Het]], serta
# orang Yebusi
# [[orang Amori]] dan
# orang Girgasi;
# [[orang Hewi]]
# orang Arki
# orang Sini
<small>Sumber: {{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:21-31}}</small><br>
Keturunan [[Sem]] ialah
# [[Elam bin Sem|Elam]]
# [[Asyur bin Sem|Asyur]]
# [[Arpakhsad]]
# [[Lud]] dan
# [[Aram bin Sem|Aram]].
Keturunan Aram ialah
# Yerah
# Hadoram
# [[Uzal dan]]
# Dikla
# Obal
# Abimael dan
# Syeba
# Ofir
# [[Hawila dan]]
# Yobab;
itulah semuanya keturunan Yoktan.
=== Kitab Tawarikh ===
Pasal [[1 Tawarikh 1]] memasukkan suatu versi Tabel Bangsa-bangsa dari [[Kitab Kejadian]], tetapi disunting untuk memperjelas bahwa tujuannya adalah mencatat sejarah bangsa Israel. Hal ini dilakukan dengan berfokus pada cabang keturunan Abraham, dan tidak memuat ulang {{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:9–14}}, yaitu bagian mengenai Nimrod bin Kush, yang terkait dengan sejumlah kota di Mesopotamia, sehingga tidak memperlihatkan kaitan Kush dengan Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Sadler|2009|p=123}}
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=== Kitab Yobel ===
[[Berkas:Herodotus world map-en.svg|thumbjmpl|Peta dunia Ionian]]
Tabel Bangsa-bangsa dikembangkan lebih detail pada pasal 8–9 [[Kitab Yobel]], yang kadang-kadang dikenal sebagai "Kitab Kejadian yang lebih kecil" ("''Lesser Genesis''"), suatu karya dari zaman awal periode [[Bait Kedua]].{{sfn|Scott|2005|p=4}} Kitab Yobel dianggap sebagai [[Pseudepigrapha]] oleh sebagian besar orang Kristen dan sekte-sekte Yahudi tetapi dipandang berguna oleh sejumlah [[Bapa Gereja]].{{sfn|Machiela|2009|p=}} Pembagian keturunan-keturunan di seluruh dunia dianggap dipengaruhi kuat oleh "Peta dunia Ionian" ("''Ionian world map''") yang digambarkan dalam ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'' karya [[Herodotus]],{{sfn|Ruiten|2000|p=}} dan perlakuan yang aneh terhadap Kanaan dan Madai dianggap sebagai "propaganda untuk ekspansi teritorial negara Hasmonean".{{sfn|Alexander|1988|p=102–103}}
{{expand section|date=February 2015}}
The Table of Nations is expanded upon in detail in chapters 8–9 of the [[Book of Jubilees]], sometimes known as the "Lesser Genesis," a work from the early [[Second Temple period]].{{sfn|Scott|2005|p=4}} Jubilees is considered [[Pseudepigrapha|Pseudepigraphical]] by most Christian and Jewish sects but thought to have been held in regard by many of the [[Church Fathers]].{{sfn|Machiela|2009|p=}} Its division of the descendants throughout the world are thought to have been heavily influenced by the "Ionian world map" described in ''the [[Histories (Herodotus)]]'',{{sfn|Ruiten|2000|p=}} dan perlakuan yang aneh terhadap Kanaan dan Madai dianggap sebagai "propaganda untuk ekspansi teritorial negara Hasmonean".{{sfn|Alexander|1988|p=102–103}}
=== Septuaginta ===
Alkitab Ibrani diterjemahkan ke dalam Thebahasa HebrewYunani bible was translated into Greek indi Alexandria atatas thepermintaan request of PtolemyPtolemaios II, whoyang reignedmemerintah overMesir Egyptpada tahun 285–246 BCESM.{{sfn|Pietersma|Wright|2007|p=xiii}} ItsVersi versionTabel ofBangsa-bangsa theserupa Tabledengan ofteks Nations is substantially the same as that in the Hebrew textIbrani, but withtetapi thedengan followingperbedaan differencesberikut:
* It lists Elisa asdicatat ansebagai extratambahan putra JaphethYafet, givingsehingga himYafet eightmempunyai instead8 of sevenputra, whilebukannya continuing7, tosementara listjuga himtetap alsomemasukkannya asdalam adaftar putra JavanYawan, assebagaimana inpada the[[Teks Masoretic textMasoret]].
* WhereasJika theteks HebrewIbrani text listsmencatat Shelah as thesebagai putra Arpachshad inpada thegaris lineketurunan of ShemSem, theSeptuagints Septuagintmencatat has aseorang [[Cainan|Kainan]] as thesebagai putra ArpachshadArpakhsad anddan father ofayah Shelah – theKitab BookYobel ofmenulis Jubileeslebih givesbanyak considerablemengenai scopetokoh to this figureini. Cainan appears again at the end ofKainan themuncul listlagi ofpada theakhir sonsdaftar ofketurunan ShemSem.
* Obal, Joktan'sputra eighthke-8 sonYoktan inpada theTeks Masoretic textMasoret, does nottidak appeardicatat.{{sfn|Scott|2005|p=25}}
==Sons ofPutra-putra NoahNuh: ShemSem, Ham anddan Yafet Japheth==
[[Berkas:The World as Peopled by the Descendants of Noah Shewing the Countries Possessed by Shem, Ham & Japhet and their posterity after the confusion of tongues..jpg|thumbjmpl|Peta tahun 1823 map bykarya [[Robert Wilkinson (cartographer)|Robert Wilkinson]] (seelihat alsopula 1797versi versiontahun 1797 [[:Berkas:Atlas Classica, Robert Wilkinson, 1797.pdf|heredi sini]]). PriorSebelum topertengahan theabad midke-19th century19, Shem was associatedSem withdikaitkan alldengan ofseluruh Asia, Ham withdengan allseluruh of Africa andAfrika, Japhethsedangkan withYafet alldengan ofseluruh EuropeEropa.]]
Kisah [[Air bah (Nuh)|Air Bah]] memuat bagaimana Nuh dan ketiga putranya Sem, Ham, dan Yafet, bersama-sama dengan istri-istri mereka, diselamatkan dari air bah untuk kembali menghuni dan memenuhi dunia.
* Kata "[[Sem]]" berarti "nama" atau "ketenaran". Melalui Eber ia menjadi leluhur [[Abraham]] dan kemudian orang-orang Israel.{{sfn|Strawn|2000a|p=1205}} Dalam pandangan sejumlah sarjana Eropa pada abad ke-17 (misalnya [[John Webb (architect)|John Webb]]), orang-orang Tionghoa, Persia timur, dan "India" diturunkan dari Sem.<ref name=mungello179>{{Cite book |title=Curious land: Jesuit accommodation and the origins of Sinology
|authorlink =<!--David E. Mungello--> |first=David E. | last=Mungello |pages=179, 336–337|publisher=University of Hawaii Press| year= 1989|isbn=0-8248-1219-0| url= https://books.google.com/?id=wb4yPw4ZgZQC&printsec=frontcover&q=Noah#v=snippet&q=Shem&f=false;| quote = there are more references in that book on the early Jesuits' and others' opinions on Noah's Connection to China |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->}}</ref> Baik Webb dan para penganut Yesuit Prancis yang tergolong sekolah [[Figurism|Figuris]] (akhir abad ke-17/awal abad ke-18) menafsirkan lebih jauh, mengidentifikasikan [[Kaisar Yao]] dalam legenda sejarah Tiongkok sebagai [[Nuh]] sendiri.<ref name=mungello179/>
* [[Ham (tokoh Alkitab)|Ham]] adalah leluhur Kush, Mesir, dan Put, serta Kanaan, yang negerinya meliputi bagian-bagian Afrika, Arabia, Siria-Palestina dan Mesopotamia. Etimologi namanya tidak jelas; sejumlah sarjana mengkaitkannya dengan istilah-istilah yang berhubungan dengan divinitas (''divinity''), tetapi status dewa atau setengah dewa bagi Ham tidaklah dimungkinkan.{{sfn|Strawn|2000b|p=543}}
* [[Yafet]] tampaknya adalah putra termuda, meskipun garis keturunannya dicatat terlebih dahulu.{{sfn|Rogers|2000|p=673}} Namanya dihubungkan dengan tokoh mitologi Yunani, [[Titan (mitologi)|Titan]] ''[[Iapetos]]'', dan putra-putranya, termasuk [[Yawan]] (''Javan''), kota-kota berbahasa Yunani di [[Ionia]].{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=158}} Pada {{Alkitab|Kejadian 9:27}} terbentuk suatu permainan kata dengan akar kata Ibrani "''yf''" (atau "''yph''"): "Kiranya Allah memberikan ruang [bentuk ''[[hiphil]]'' dari akar kata "''yf''"] bagi Yafet, sehingga ia dapat tinggal dalam kemah-kemah Sem, dan Kanaan akan menjadi hambanya."{{sfn|Thompson|2014|p=102}}
The [[Genesis flood narrative|Flood story]] tells how Noah and his three sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, together with their wives, were saved from the Deluge to repopulate the Earth.
*[[Shem]]'s name means "name" or "fame". Through Eber he became the ancestor of [[Abraham]] and thus of the Israelites.{{sfn|Strawn|2000a|p=1205}} In the view of some 17th-century European scholars (e.g., [[John Webb (architect)|John Webb]]), the people of China, eastern Persia and "the Indias" descended from Shem.<ref name=mungello179>{{Cite book |title=Curious land: Jesuit accommodation and the origins of Sinology
|authorlink=David E. Mungello|first=David E. | last=Mungello |pages=179, 336–337|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year= 1989|isbn=0-8248-1219-0|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wb4yPw4ZgZQC&printsec=frontcover&q=Noah#v=snippet&q=Shem&f=false;|quote= there are more references in that book on the early Jesuits' and others' opinions on Noah's Connection to China |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --><!--}}</ref> Both Webb and the French Jesuits belonging to the [[Figurism|Figurist]] school (late 17th-early 18th century) went even further, identifying the legendary [[Emperor Yao]] of Chinese history with [[Noah]] himself.<ref name=mungello179/>
*[[Ham (son of Noah)|Ham]] is the forefather of Cush, Egypt, and Put, and of Canaan, whose lands include portions of Africa, Arabia, Syria-Palestine and Mesopotamia. The etymology of his name is uncertain; some scholars have linked it to terms connected with divinity, but a divine or semi-divine status for Ham is unlikely.{{sfn|Strawn|2000b|p=543}}
*[[Japheth]] is apparently the youngest son, although his line is given first.{{sfn|Rogers|2000|p=673}} His name is associated with the mythological Greek Titan Iapetos, and his sons include Javan, the Greek-speaking cities of [[Ionia]].{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=158}} In Genesis 9:27 it forms a pun with the Hebrew root ''yph'': "May God make room [the ''[[hiphil]]'' of the yph root] for Japheth, that he may live in Shem's tents and Canaan may be his slave."{{sfn|Thompson|2014|p=102}}
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== Interpretasi Etnologi ==
=== Catatan Flavius Yosefus ===
[[Berkas:Josephustable 3.svg|thumbjmpl|500px|rightka|GeographicIdentifikasi identificationsgeografis ofKeturunan Nuh oleh Flavius JosephusYosefus, c.sekitar 100 ADM.<ref>[[Flavius Yosefus|Yosefus]]. ''[[Antiquitates Iudaicae|Antiq.]]'' [https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Antiquitates_Iudaicae/Volume_I#Bab_6 I. 6]</ref>]]
TheSejarawan 1stYahudi-centuryRomawi Jewishabad ke-Roman1 historianMasehi, [[JosephusFlavius Yosefus]], indalam tulisannya ''[[AntiquitiesAntiquitates of the JewsIudaicae]]'' BookBuku 1, chapterpasal 6, wastermasuk amongsalah thesatu firstorang ofpertama manydi whoantara attemptedbanyak toorang assignyang knownmencoba ethnicitiesmencocokkan tokelompok someetnis ofyang thedikenal namespada listedzaman initu Genesisdengan chapternama-nama 10.yang terdaftar Hispada assignments[[Kejadian became10]]. thePencocokan basisyang fordibuatnya mostmenjadi laterdasar authors,bagi andbanyak werepengarang asdi kemudian hari, followsyaitu:<ref>[http://sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-1.htm Antiquities of theAntiquitates JewsIudaicae –– BookBuku I]</ref>
* [[Gomer]]: "thosemereka whomyang theoleh Greeksorang nowYunani callsekarang disebut sebagai orang [[Galatia]]ns, [Galls,], buttetapi weredulunya thendisebut calledorang Gomer Gomerites(''Gomerit'')".
** Aschanax (Ashkenaz): "Aschanaxians, who areyang nowoleh calledorang byYunani thesekarang Greeksdisebut Rheginians".
** Riphath: "Ripheans, nowsekarang disebut calledorang [[Paphlagonia|Paflagonia]]ns".
** Thrugramma (TogarmahTogarma): "Thrugrammeans,orang who''Thrugrammea'', asyang theoleh Greeksorang resolved,Yunani weredinamai namedorang [[PhrygiansFrigia]]".
* [[Magog (tokoh Alkitab)|Magog]]: "orang Magogit, tetapi oleh orang Yunani disebut [[bangsa Skithia]]".
*Magog: "Magogites, but who are by the Greeks called [[Scythians]]".
* [[Madai]]: "theorang MadeansMadea, whoyang areoleh calledorang Yunani disebut [[Medes]], by the Greeks".
*Javan [[Yawan]]: "[[Ionia]], anddan allsemua theorang [[Grecians]]Yunani".
** Elisa: "Eliseans... theymereka aresekarang nowadalah theorang [[Aeolians|Aeolia]]".
** Tharsus (Tarshish[[Tarsis]]): "Tharsians, forkarena so wasdemikianlah [[CiliciaKilikia]] ofdisebut oldpada calledzaman kuno". He also derivesIa thejuga namemenurunkan ofnama theirkota citymereka Tarsus fromdari Tharsus.
** Cethimus (Kittim[[Kitim]]): "The islandPulau Cethima: itsekarang is now calleddisebut [[CyprusSiprus]]". HeJuga alsomenurunkan derivesnama theYunani Greek name of their city,kota whichmereka heyang spellsdieja ''[[Kition|Citius]]'', fromdari Cethimus.
* Thobel ([[Tubal]]): "Thobelites (= bangsa Tubal), whoyang aresekarang nowdisebut calledbangsa Iberes".
* Mosoch (Meshech[[Mesekh]]): "Mosocheni... nowsekarang theymereka areadalah orang [[CappadociaKapadokia]]ns." He also derivesJuga themenurunkan namenama ofibu theirkota capitalmereka [[Kayseri|Mazaca]] fromdari Mosoch.
* Thiras ([[Tiras bin Yafet|Tiras]]): "Thirasians; buttetapi theorang GreeksYunani changedmengubah thenama namemereka intomenjadi [[ThraciansSuku Trakia|orang Trakia]]".
* Chus (CushKush): "EthiopiansOrang Etiopia... evenbahkan atsampai thishari dayini, both bybaik themselvesoleh andmereka bydan allsemua menorang indi Asia, calleddisebut [[Kingdom of Kush|Chusites]]".
** Sabas (Seba): Sabeansorang Sabea
** Evilas (HavilahHawila): "Evileans, who areyang calleddisebut [[Gaetuli|Getuli]]".
** Sabathes (Sabta): "Sabathens, theymereka aresekarang nowoleh calledorang byYunani the Greeksdisebut [[Atbarah River|orang Astabora]]ns".
** Sabactas (Sabteca): Sabactens
** Ragmus (Raamah): Ragmeans
*** Judadas (Dedan): "Judadeans, asuatu bangsa yang tinggal nationdi ofsebelah thebarat westernnegeri EthiopiansEthiopia".
*** Sabas (Sheba): Sabeans
* Mesraim (Misraim): [[EgyptMesir]], whichyang he says is calleddisebut ''Mestre'' in hisdi countrynegerinya.
** "NowSekarang all the children ofanak-anak Mesraim, beingdelapan eight in numberjumlahnya, possessed themenguasai countrynegeri fromdari [[Gaza]] tosampai Egypt[[Mesir]], thoughmeskipun ithanya retainedmempertahankan thesatu namenama ofsaja, one''Philistim'' only,(orang the Philistim[[Filistin]]); forkarena theorang GreeksYunani callmenyebut partbagian ofnegeri that countryitu ''PalestinePalestina''. As for the restSisanya, Ludieim, anddan Enemim, anddan Labim, whoyang alonesendirian inhabited inmenghuni Libya, anddan calledmenyebut thenegeri countryitu fromdengan himselfnamanya sendiri, Nedim, anddan Phethrosim, anddan Chesloim, anddan Cephthorim, wekami knowtidak nothingtahu ofapa-apa themmengenai besidesmereka theirselain namesnama-namanya; forkarena thePerang EthiopicEthiopia waryang whichakan wekami shalljelaskan describe hereafterkemudian, was the cause thatmerupakan thosealasan citieskota-kota wereitu overthrowndihancurkan."
* Phut: [[Libya]]. HeIa statesmenyatakan thatbahwa asuatu riversungai anddan region "indalam the country ofnegeri Moors" wasmasih still calleddisebut ''Phut'' byoleh theorang GreeksYunani, buttetapi thatkemudian itdiganti hadnamanya beendengan renamednama "fromdari onesalah ofsatu the sons ofputra-putra Mesraim, who wasyang calleddisebut Lybyos".
*Canaan Kanaan: [[JudeaYudea]], whichyang he calleddikatakannya "from hisdari ownnamanya namesendiri CanaanKanaan".
** Sidonius ([[Sidon]]): The city ofKota Sidonius, "calledoleh byorang theYunani Greeksdisebut ''Sidon''".
** Amathus (Hamathite): "Amathine, whichyang issampai evensekarang now calleddisebut Amathe byoleh the inhabitantspenduduknya, althoughmeskipun theorang MacedoniansMakedonia named itmenamakannya Epiphania, from onedari ofsalah hissatu posterityketurunannya."
** Arudeus (Arvadite): "the islandpulau Aradus".
** Arucas (Arkite): "Arce, whichyang isberada indi Libanus".
** "But for the sevenTetapi otherstujuh [sonsputra-putra of CanaanKanaan] lainnya, Chetteus, Jebuseus, Amorreus, Gergesus, Eudeus, Sineus, Samareus, wekami havetidak nothingmendapati inapapun thedalam sacredkitab-kitab bookssuci butselain theirnama-nama namesmereka, fortetapi orang theIbrani Hebrewstelah overthrewmerebut theirkota-kota citiesitu".
* Elam: "orang [[ElamitesElam]] (''Elamites''), theleluhur ancestorsorang of the Persians[[Persia]]".
* Ashur ([[Asyur]]): "orang [[Assyrian people|AssyriansAsyur]], anddan theirkota citymereka [[NinivehNiniwe]] builtdibangun byoleh Ashur".
* Arphaxad ([[Arpakhsad]]): "Arphaxadites, whoyang aresekarang nowdisebut calledorang [[ChaldeaKasdim]]ns (''Chaldea'')".
** Sala
*** Heber ([[Eber]]): "fromdari whommana theyasal originallypenyebutan called the Jewsorang [[HebrewsIbrani]] (''Hebrews'') bagi orang Yahudi (''Jews'')".
**** Phaleg ([[Peleg]]): HeIa notesmencatat thatbahwa hedinamakan was so nameddemikian "because he was born atkarena theia dispersiondilahirkan ofpada thewaktu nationspenyebaran tobangsa-bangsa theirke severalnegeri-negeri countriesmereka; forkarena ''Phaleg'' amongbagi theorang HebrewsIbrani signifiesbermakna divisionpembagian".
**** Joctan ([[Yoktan]])
***** "Elmodad, Saleph, Asermoth, Jera, Adoram, Aizel, Decla, Ebal, Abimael, Sabeus, Ophir, Euilat, anddan JobabYobab. TheseMereka inhabitedmenghuni fromdari ''[[Cophen]]'', ansebuah Indiansungai riverIndia, and in partsampai ofbagian Asia adjoiningyang toterhubung itdengannya."
* Aram: "orang Aram (''Aramites''), whichyang oleh orang theYunani Greeksdisebut calledorang [[SyriansSiria]]".
** Uz: "Uz foundedmendirikan [[Lajat|Trachonitis]] anddan [[DamascusDamaskus]]: thisnegeri countryini liesterletak betweenantara PalestinePalestina anddan [[Coele-Syria|Celesyria]]".
** Ul (Hul): orang [[Armenia]]
** Gather (Gether): orang [[BactriaBaktria]]ns
** Mesa (Mesh): "Mesaneans; it is nowsekarang calleddisebut [[Charax Spasinu]]".
* Laud ([[Lud]]): "Laudites, whichyang aresekarang nowdisebut calledorang [[LydiansLydia]]".
=== Catatan HippolytusHippolitus ===
[[Berkas:Schedel weltkarte.jpg|thumbnailjmpl|rightka|''Woodcut'' from thedari [[Nuremberg Chronicle]], showingmenunjukkan ShemSem, Ham and Japhethdan overYafet theirpada cornerssudut-sudut ofmereka thedi worlddunia]]
[[HippolytusHippolitus ofdari RomeRoma]], indalam hiskaryanya ''Diamerismos'' (c. ~234, existingterlestarikan dalam inberbagai numeroussalinan Latinbahasa andLatin Greekdan copiesYunani),<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0FucWLGmS8C ''Die Chronik des Hippolytus'']</ref> mademembuat anotherupaya attemptlain tountuk assignmencocokkan ethnicitieskelompok toetnis thedengan namesnama-nama inpada GenesisKejadian 10. ItAda isdugaan thoughtbahwa toada havepengaruh been based on thedari [[Book ofKitab JubileesYobel]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UeUWRckMDkQC&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref>
Perbedaan dengan versi Yosefus adalah:
* Gomer – orang [[Kapadokia]]
** Ashkenaz – Sarmatians
** Riphath – Sauromatians
** Togarmah – orang [[Armenia]]
* Magog – orang [[Galatia]], [[Kelt]]
* Javan
** Elishah – [[Sicels]] (''Chron Pasc'': orang [[Troya]] dan [[Frigia]])
** Tarshish – orang [[Iberia]], Tyrrhenia
** Kitim – orang Makedonia, Romawi, Latin
* Tubal – "Hettali" (?)
* Meshech – Illyrians
* Misraim
** Ludim – orang Lydia
** Anamim – orang [[Pamfilia]]
** Pathrusim – orang [[Lycia]] (var.: Cretans)
** Caphtorim – orang Kilikia
* Put – [[Troglodytae|Troglodytes]]
* Canaan – [[Afri]] and Phoenicians
** Arkite – orang [[Tripolitania]]
* Lud – [[Halizones]]
* Arpachshad
** Cainan – "mereka yang (tinggal) di sebelah timur orang Sarmatia" (satu varian)
*** Joktan
**** Elmodad – Indians
**** Saleph – Bactrians
**** Hazamaveth, Sheba – orang Arab
**** Adoram – [[Carmania (satrapy)|Carmanians]]
**** Uzal – [[Aria (satrapy)|Arians]] (var.: orang [[Parthia]])
**** Abimael – orang [[Hyrcania]]
**** Obal – Scythians
**** Ophir – Armenians
**** Deklah – orang [[Gedrosia]]
* Aram – "Etes" ?
** Hul – Lydians (var: [[Colchis|Colchians]])
** Gether – "Gaspeni" ?
** Mash – [[Mossynoeci]] (var: Mosocheni)
''[[Chronography of 354]]'', ''[[Panarion]]'' karya [[Epiphanius of Salamis]] (~375), ''[[Chronicon Paschale]]'' (~627), ''History of Albania'' karya sejarawan Georgia, [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]] (abad ke-7), dan ''Synopsis of Histories'' karya [[John Skylitzes]] (~1057) mengikuti identifikasi Hippolitus.
*Gomer – Cappadocians
**Ashkenaz – Sarmatians
**Riphath – Sauromatians
**Togarmah – Armenians
*Magog – Galatians, [[Celts]]
*Javan
**Elishah – [[Sicels]] (''Chron Pasc'': Trojans and Phrygians)
**Tarshish – Iberians, Tyrrhenians
**Kittim – Macedonians, Romans, Latins
*Tubal – "Hettali" (?)
*Meshech – Illyrians
*Misraim
**Ludim – Lydians
**Anamim – [[Pamphylia]]ns
**Pathrusim – [[Lycia]]ns (var.: Cretans)
**Caphtorim – Cilicians
*Put – [[Troglodytae|Troglodytes]]
*Canaan – [[Afri]] and Phoenicians
**Arkite – [[Tripolitania]]ns
*Lud – [[Halizones]]
*Arpachshad
**Cainan – "those east of the Sarmatians" (one variant)
***Joktan
****Elmodad – Indians
****Saleph – Bactrians
****Hazamaveth, Sheba – Arabs
****Adoram – [[Carmania (satrapy)|Carmania]]ns
****Uzal – [[Aria (satrapy)|Aria]]ns (var.: [[Parthia]]ns)
****Abimael – [[Hyrcania]]ns
****Obal – Scythians
****Ophir – Armenians
****Deklah – [[Gedrosia]]ns
*Aram – "Etes" ?
**Hul – Lydians (var: [[Colchis|Colchians]])
**Gether – "Gaspeni" ?
**Mash – [[Mossynoeci]] (var: Mosocheni)
''[[Chronography of 354]]'', ''[[Panarion]]'' karya [[Epiphanius of Salamis]] (~375), ''[[Chronicon Paschale]]'' (~627), ''History of Albania'' karya sejarawan Georgia, [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]] (abad ke-7), dan ''Synopsis of Histories'' karya [[John Skylitzes]] (~1057) mengikuti identifikasi Hippolytus.
=== Catatan Hieronimus ===
[[Hieronimus|Hieronimus (Jerome)]], menulis pada ~tahun 390, memberikan perbaikan identifikasi versi Yosefus dalam karyanya ''Hebrew Questions on Genesis''. Daftarnya hampir serupa dengan susunan Yosefus, dengan sejumlah perbedaan berikut:
* Thubal, putra JaphethYafet: "orang [[IberiansIberia]], whoyang arejuga also theorang [[SpaniardsSpanyol]] fromdari whommana derivediturunkan theorang [[Celtiberians|Kelt-iberia]], although certain peoplemeskipun supposeorang-orang themtertentu tomenganggap bemereka theorang ItaliansItalia."
* Gether, putra Aram: "[[Acarnania|Acarnanii]] oratau orang [[Caria]]ns"
* Mash, putra Aram: [[Lydia|Maeones]]
===In Isidore of Seville and later authors===
The scholar [[Isidore of Seville]], in his ''[[Etymologiae]]'' (c. 600), repeats all of Jerome's identifications, but with these minor changes:<ref>{{cite book |author=Isidorus (Hispalensis) |authorlink=Isidore of Seville |editor=Stephen A. Barney |title=Etymologiae (English translation) |url= |accessdate= |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9781139456166 |pages=192–193}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=3ep502syZv8C&pg=PA192#v=snippet&q=Eber%20Joktan%20Sheleph&f=false page 192] [https://books.google.com/books?id=3ep502syZv8C&pg=PA193#v=snippet&q=Magog%20Ashkenaz&f=false page 193]</ref>
=== Isidorus dari Sevilla dan pengarang-pengarang kemudian ===
*Joktan, putra Eber: [[Indian people|Indians]]
Sarjana [[Isidorus dari Sevilla]], dalam karyanya ''[[Etymologiae]]'' (~600), mengulangi semua identifikasi Jerome, tetapi dengan perubahan-perubahan kecil berikut:<ref>{{cite book |author=Isidorus (Hispalensis) |authorlink=Isidore of Seville |editor=Stephen A. Barney |title=Etymologiae (English translation) |url= |accessdate= |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9781139456166 |pages=192–193}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=3ep502syZv8C&pg=PA192#v=snippet&q=Eber%20Joktan%20Sheleph&f=false page 192] [https://books.google.com/books?id=3ep502syZv8C&pg=PA193#v=snippet&q=Magog%20Ashkenaz&f=false page 193]</ref>
*Saleph, putra Joktan: [[Bactria]]ns
*Magog, putra Japheth: "Scythians and [[Goths]]"
*Ashkenaz, putra Gomer: "[[Sarmatians]], whom the Greeks call Rheginians".
* Joktan, putra Eber: orang [[India]]
Isidore's identifications for Japheth's sons were repeated in the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'' attributed to [[Nennius]]. Isidore's identifications also became the basis for numerous later mediaeval scholars, remaining so until the [[Age of Discovery]] prompted newer theories, such as that of [[Benito Arias Montano]] (1571), who proposed connecting Meshech with [[Moscow]], and Ophir with [[Peru]].
* Saleph, putra Yoktan: orang [[Baktria]]
* Magog, putra Yafet: "orang Skithia dan [[Goth]]"
* Ashkenaz, putra Gomer: "[[Sarmatians|orang Sarmatia]], yang oleh orang Yunani disebut ''Rheginians''".
Identifikasi Isidorus untuk putra-putra Yafet diulangi dalam ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'' yang dianggap ditulis oleh [[Nennius]] dan juga menjadi dasar bagi berbagai tulisan sarjana abad pertengahan, tetap demikian sampai [[Age of Discovery|Zaman Penemuan]] memunculkan teori-teori baru, seperti yang diutarakan oleh [[Benito Arias Montano]] (1571), yang mengusulkan pengkaitan Meshech dengan [[Moskow]], dan Ofir dengan [[Peru]].
While Genesis 10 was covered extensively by numerous Christian, Jewish and Muslim scholars over many centuries, the phrase "Table" of nations only appeared and became popular in English from the 1830s.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}
===Other interpretationsTafsiran lain: DescendantsKeturunan ofYafet Japheth===
[[Berkas:Noachide map from the Abbey library of Saint Gall (oldest map naming Europe), Isidore-Codex 236.png|thumbjmpl|ThePeta oldestEropa knowntertua mapyang ofpernah Europeditemukan. TranslationTerjemahan: Ecce sie dwiseru filu noe post diluvium (LoBeginilah thusputra-putra didNuh themembagi sonsdunia ofsetelah Noahair divide the world after the Floodbah); Tanai. Fluv. (RiverSungai Don); Nilus Fluv. (RiverSungai NileNil); Meotides Paludes (Sea ofLaut Azov)]]
{{Main|JaphetitesYafetit}}
Pada terjemahan Alkitab bahasa Yunani, [[Septuaginta]] (LXX), teks Kitab Kejadian memuat satu tambahan putra Yafet, "Elisa", di antara Yawan dan Tubal; tetapi, karena nama ini tidak dijumpai pada sumber kuno lainnya, mauapun dalam [[Kitab 1 Tawarikh]], hampir secara universal dianggap duplikat Elisa, putra Yawan. Kehadiran Elisa dan Kainan putra Arpakhsad (lihat di bawah) dalam Alkitab bahasa Yunani merujuk pada penomoran tradisional di kalangan orang Kristen mula-mula yang menghitung 72 nama, bukannya 70 nama yang didapati pada sumber-sumber Yahudi dan Kristen Barat.
The Greek [[Septuagint]] (LXX) text of Genesis includes an additional putra Japheth, "Elisa", between Javan and Tubal; however, as this name is found in no other ancient source, nor in I Chronicles, he is almost universally agreed to be a duplicate of Elisha, putra Javan. The presence of Elisa and of Cainan putra Arpachshad (below) in the Greek Bible accounts for the traditional enumeration among early Christian sources of 72 names, as opposed to the 70 names found in Jewish sources and Western Christian sources.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}
* [[Gomer]]: theorang [[Cimmerians]], asuatu peoplebangsa fromdari thesebelah northernutara Black[[Laut SeaHitam]], madepindah incursionsmasuk intoke Anatolia inpada theabad eighthke-8 andatau earlyawal seventhabad centurieske-7 BCESM beforesebelum beingmenetap confineddi to CappadociaKapadokia.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=147}}
** [[Ashkenaz]]: Asuatu peoplebangsa ofdi thearea BlackLaut andHitam Caspiandan sea[[Laut areasKaspia]], muchkemudian laterdikaitkan associateddengan withorang GermanJerman anddan Eastorang EuropeanYahudi Jewsdi Eropa Timur.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}} TheOrang Ashkuza, whoyang livedtinggal ondi thehulu uppersungat [[EuphratesEfrat]] indi [[Armenia]] expelledmengusir theorang CimmeriansCimmeria fromdari theirteritori territorymereka, anddan inpada Jeremiah{{Alkitab|Yeremia 51:27}} were said todikatakan marchtelah againstberperang Babylonmelawan alongBabel withbersama-sama twodua otherkerajaan northernutara kingdomslainnya.{{sfn|Bøe|2001|p=48}}
** [[Riphath]] (''Diphath'' inpada Chronicleskita Tawarikh): JosephusYosefus identificationmengidentifikasi Riphath withdengan theorang [[Paphlagonia]]ns ofpada laterzaman antiquitykuno, buttetapi thisini appearstampaknya tohanyalah havesuatu been no more than a guessdugaan; the [[BookKitab of JubileesYobel]] identifiesmengidentifikasi thenama nameitu with thednegan "[[Riphean Mountains|Pengunungan Riphea]]", equatedyang withdisamakan thedengan CauscasusKaukasus inpada Classicalsumber-sumber sourcesKlasik, and the general understandingdan seemsdalam topengertian haveumum beentampaknya invadersmerupakan frompenyerang-penyerang thedari CauscusesKaukasus whoyang werekemudian settledmenetap indi Armenia oratau CappadociaKapadokia.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=149}}
** [[Togarmah]]: Associateddikaitkan withdengan Anatolia indalam Ezekielkitab Yehezkiel.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}} LaterSejawaran ArmenianArmenia historianskemudian claimedmenganggap Togarmah assebagai anleluhur ancestorArmenia.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=149}}
* [[Magog (Bible)|Magog]]: Associated in Ezekieldikaitkan withdengan Gog, a king ofraja [[Lydia]], anddalam therebykitab withYehezkiel, dan dengan demikian dengan Anatolia.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}} TheSejarawan firstYahudi-Romawi centurydari CEabad Jewishke-1 historianM, [[JosephusFlavius Yosefus]] statedmenyatakan thatbahwa Magog wasidentik identical with thedengan [[Scythiansbangsa Skithia]], buttetapi modernpara scholarssarjana are scepticalmodern ofmerasa thisskeptis anddan placemenempatkan Magog simplydi somewheredalam inwilayah Anatolia.{{sfn|Bøe|2001|p=47–48}}
* [[Madai]]: TheOrang [[Medes]], from andari area nowyang sekarang di inbarat northwestdaya Iran.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}}
* [[JavanYawan]]: ThisNama nameini issecara universallyumum agreeddisetujui tomerujuk referkepada toorang theYunani ([[Ionia]]ns (Greeks) ofyang thebermukim westerndi andpantai southernbarat coastdan ofselatan [[Anatolia]].{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=150}}
** [[Elishah]]: PossiblyKemungkinan Elaioussa, ansebuah islandpulau offdi thelepas coastlaut ofpantai CiliciaKilikia, oratau annama oldkuno nameuntuk forpulau the island of CyprusSiprus.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=150}}
** [[TarshishTarsis]] (''Tarshishah'' inpada Kitab ChroniclesTawarikh): CandidatesKandidat-kandidat includetermasuk ([[Tartessos]]) indi Spain[[Spanyol]] anddan Tharros in [[Sardinia]], both ofkeduanya whichsukar appear unlikelydibuktikan, anddan Tarsus in CiliciaKilikia, whichyang lebih appearsmungkin moretetapi likelyterdapat despitekesulitan somelinguistik linguisticuntuk difficultiesmembuktikannya.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=150–152}}
** [[KittimKitim]]: OriginallyAsalnya thependuduk inhabitants ofkota Kition indi CyprusSiprus, later thekemudian entireseluruh islandpulau; indan thepada [[DeadNaskah SeaLaut ScrollsMati]] theistilah Kittim"Kitim" appeartampaknya tomerujuk bekepada theorang RomansRomawi.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}}
** [[Dodanim]] (''Rodanim'' inpada Chronicleskitab Tawarikh): InhabitantsPenduduk ofkepulauan [[RhodesRodos]].{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=103}}
* [[Tubal]]: Tubal anddan MeshechMesekh alwaysselalu appearmuncul asberpasangan adalam pairPerjanjian in the Old TestamentLama.{{sfn|Bøe|2001|p=101}} The nameNama Tubal is connecteddikaitkan withdengan [[Tabal]] anddan GreekYunani Tipaprivoi, a people oforang [[CappadociaKapadokia]], indi thetimur north-east oflaut [[Anatolia]].{{sfn|Bøe|2001|p=102}}
* [[MeshechMesekh]]: [[Mushki]]/Muski hadmemiliki itsibu capitalkota atdi [[Gordium]] anddan fusedmelebur withdengan the kingdom ofkerajaan [[PhrygiaFrigia]] bypada theabad 8th centuryke-8.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=148}}
* [[Tiras]]: JosephusYosefus anddan latepenulis RabbinicalRabbinik writersakhir associatedmengkaitkan Tiras withdengan [[Thrace]], thebagian partEropa ofyang Europeberseberangan oppositedengan Anatolia, buttetapi allsemua theputra otherYafet sonsberlokasi of Japheth are located indi Anatolia itselfdan andkemungkinannya itTiras ismerujuk possiblekepada thatorang-orang TirasThrace mayyang refermenghuni tobagian Thracianspaling inhabiting westernmostbarat Anatolia; itjuga hasdikaitkan alsodengan been associated with some of thesejumlah "[[SeaBangsa PeoplesLaut]]" such asseperti Tursha anddan [[Tyrrhenians]], buttetapi thissekarang isdianggap consideredtidak unlikelymungkin.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=149–150}}
===Other interpretationsTafsiran lain: Descendants ofKeturunan Ham ===
{{Main|HamiticHamitik}}
* [[Biblical Cush|CushKush]]: Thetransliterasi biblicalnama transliterationMesir of the Egyptian name foruntuk [[Nubia]] oratau [[Ethiopia]]; the "sonsketurunan of CushKush" which followyang areberikutnya variousmerupakan locationsnama onberbagai thelokasi Arabiandi andArabia possiblydan Africankemungkinan coastspantai borderingAfrika thepada RedLaut SeaTengah.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=161}}
** [[List of minor biblical figures, L–Z#Seba|Seba]], putra CushKush. HasPernah beendikaitkan connected with bothdengan [[YemenYaman]] andmaupun [[Ethiopia]], withyang muchdirancukan confusion withdengan Sheba below.di bawah.
** [[HavilahHawila]], putra CushKush.
** [[List of minor biblical figures, L–Z#Sabtah|Sabtah]], putra CushKush.
** [[Raamah]], putra CushKush.
*** [[Sheba]], putra Raamah. HasDikaitkan beendengan connected withorang [[Sabaeans|Sabea]] anddan peoplesbangsa-bangsa ondi eitherkedua sidesisi ofbagian the narrowest part of thesempit [[RedLaut SeaMerah]].{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}
*** [[Dedanites|Dedan]], putra Raamah.
** [[Sabtechah]], putra CushKush.
** [[Nimrod (king)|Nimrod]]: PossiblyKemungkinan connecteddikaitkan withdengan [[Naram-Sin of Akkad|Naram-Sin]], a 3rd millennium king ofraja [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]] pada milenium ke-3 SM;in versespada Kejadian 10:10–12 hedicatat isbahwa theia foundermerupakan ofpendiri asejumlah listkota ofdi [[Mesopotamia]]n cities, anddan thetradisi biblicalalkitabiah traditionlain elsewheremengidentifikasikannya identifiesdengan himMesopotamia withutara northernatau Mesopotamia or AssyriaAsyur.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=104}} HisLokasinya locationdi (Mesopotamia) isadalah somethingsuatu of an anomalyanomali, inkarena thatputra-putra theKush otherlain sonsdikaitkan of Cush are connected with Africadengan orAfrika theatau RedLaut SeaMerah, anddan hekemungkinan isnamanya probablydimasukkan adi latewaktu insertionkemudian resultingmenyebabkan fromkebingungan aantara confusionKush betweendi theAfrika Africandan CushKush and a quite different Cushlain, the [[eponym|eponim]] (ancestorleluhur) of theorang [[Kassites|Kass]].{{sfn|Uehlinger|1999|p=628}}
* [[Mizraim]]: EgyptMesir.{{sfn|Matthews|1996|p=452}}
** [[Ludim]], offspring ofketurunan Mizraim.
** [[Anamim]], offspring ofketurunan Mizraim.
** [[Lehabim]], offspring ofketurunan Mizraim.
** [[Naphtuhim]], offspring ofketurunan Mizraim.
** [[Pathrusim]], offspring ofketurunan Mizraim.
** [[Casluhim]] ("outdari ofmana whommuncul cameorang [[PhilistinesFilistin|PhilistimFilistim]]" – {{bibleref|GenesisAlkitab|Kejadian 10:14|9}}, {{bibleref|1ChroniclesAlkitab|1 Tawarikah 1:12|9}})
** [[Caphtorim]]: ProbablyKemungkinan the island ofpulau [[CreteKreta]]. AccordingMenurut to Deuteronomy{{Alkitab|Ulangan 2:23}}, CaphtorimKaftorim settledtinggal indi [[Gaza City|Gaza]], ansebuah kota importantFilistin Philistinianyang citypenting.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=104}}
* [[Phut]]: theSeptuaginta Septuagintmenerjemahkannya translates this assebagai [[Ancient Libya|Libyansorang Libya]], whichyang wouldcocok bedengan inprogresi accordanceutara-ke-selatan withdari thedaftar north–to–south progression in the listing ofketurunan Ham's descendants, buttetapi somesejumlah scholarssarjana have suggestedmengusulkan [[Land of Punt|Punt]], thenama Egyptianbahasa nameMesir foruntuk [[Somalia]].{{sfn|Mathews|1996|p=445}}
* [[Canaan (son of Ham)|CanaanKanaan]]: TheSuatu striptanah ofmemanjang landdi westsebelah of thebarat [[JordanSungai RiverYordan]] includingyang modernmeliputi [[Lebanon]] andmodern dan bagian partsyang oftermasuk [[SyriaSuriah]], andserta theberbagai variedbangsa peoplesyang whohidup liveddi theresana.{{sfn|Mathews|1996|p=445–446}}
** [[Sidon]]: TheKota main[[Fenisia]] Phoenician cityutama, oftensering treateddianggap assinonim synonymousdengan with [[Phoenicia]]Fenisia.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=104–105}}
** [[BiblicalBangsa HittitesHet|HethHet]]: ProbablyKemungkinan theadalah ancestor of theleluhur [[biblicalbangsa HittitesHet]], althoughmeskipun theorang [[Hittites]]Het ofdi Anatolia had notidak ethnicmempunyai orkaitan linguisticetnis tiesmaupun withlinguistis the(bahasa) peoplesdengan oforang CanaanKanaan.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=105}}
** "[[JebusiteYebus]]i", keturunan Kanaan
** "[[AmoriteBangsa Amori|Amori]]": GenericNama generik nameuntuk forbangsa WestSemit SemiticBarat peoplesdari oftanah theBulan FertileSabit Crescentsubur.{{sfn|Towner|2001|p=105}}
** "[[Girgasites]]", keturunan Kanaan
** "[[HivitesOrang Hewi|HiviteHewi]]", keturunan Kanaan
** "[[Arkite]]", keturunan Kanaan
** "[[Canaan|Sinite]]", keturunan Kanaan
** "[[Hamathite]]", keturunan Kanaan.
BeginningPada inawal theabad 9thke-9 centuryahli withgramatika the Jewish grammarianYahudi, Judah ibn Quraysh, amelihat relationshiphubungan between theantara [[Semitic languages|Semiticbahasa Semitik]] anddan [[Cushitic languages|Kushit]]; wasahli seen;linguistik modern linguistsmenggolongkannya groupke thesedalam twodua familieskeluarga (''family''), alongbersama withdengan thekelompok [[Egyptian languages|Egyptianbahasa Mesir]], [[Berber languages|Berber]], [[Chadic languages|Chadic]], anddan [[Omotic languages|Omotic]] languageke groupsdalam intokeluarga the largerbahasa [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-AsiaticAsiatik]] languageyang familylebih besar. InLagi additionpula, languagesbahasa-bahasa indi theselatan southernsetengah halfAfrika ofsekarang Africadipandang aretermasuk nowbeberapa seenkeluarga astersendiri belongingyang toindependen severaldari distinct families independent of thekelompok Afro-Asiatic groupAsiatik. SomeSejumlah now discardedteori [[Hamitic|Hamitik]] theoriesyang havesekarang becomesudah viewedditinggalkan astelah racist;dianggap insebagai particularrasis; aterutama theoryteori proposedyang indiusulkan thepada 19thabad centuryke-19 byoleh Speke, thatbahwa theorang [[Tutsi]] weredianggap supposedlyketurunan ofHam somedan Hamitickarenanya ancestry"superioer andsecara thusinheren" (''inherently superior'').<ref>{{cite book|title=Changing Conceptions of Psychological Life|year=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0805843361|page=186|author=David Moshman|editor=Cynthia Lightfoot, Michael Chandler and Chris Lalonde|chapter=Theories of Self and Theories as Selves}}</ref>
TheSeorang 17th-centuryimam JesuitYesuit dari abad ke-17, [[Athanasius Kircher]], thoughtmengira thatbahwa theorang ChineseTionghoa hadditurunkan also descended fromdari Ham, viamelalui orang EgyptiansMesir.
===Interpretasi Tafsiran lain: Keturunan Sem ===
{{Main|Semit}}
* [[Elam (Hebrew Bible)|Elam]]: Kerajaan di sebelah timur Babel, di pesisir [[Teluk Persia]].{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=141}} [[:en:Elamites|Bangsa Elam]] menyebut negerinya ''Haltamti'', pernah menjadi kerajaan dengan ibukotaibu kota [[Susa]], yang sekatarang adalah [[Khuzistan]] di [[Iran]] modern. [[:en:Elamite language|Bahasa Elam]] bukan tergolong [[Semitic languages|Semiticbahasa Semitik]] language.
* Ashur: [[AshurAsyur]]: Assyria.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=141}}
* [[ArpachshadArpakhsad]]: AnNama obscureyang nametidak ofdiketahui uncertainjelas meaningmaknanya, althoughmeskipun apparentlytampaknya associatedterkait withdengan northernbagian utara Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=142}}
:* ''[[Kainan]] dicatat sebagai putra Arpakhsad dan ayah Shelah pada [[Septuaginta]], terjemahan Alkitab Ibrani ke dalam bahasa Yunani yang dibuat pada abad ke-3 SM. Nama ini tidak dimuat pada Alkitab Ibrani versi Teks Masoret. [[Silsilah Yesus Kristus]] dalam [[Injil Lukas]] ({{Alkitab|Lukas 3:36}}, memuat nama ini, dan dianggap mengutip dari Septuaginta, bukan teks Ibrani.''
:* ''[[Cainan]] is listed as the putra Arpachshad and father of Shelah in the [[Septuagint]], a Greek translation of the Hebrew bible (the [[Masoretic text]]) made in the last few centuries before the modern era. The name is omitted in the Hebrew bible. The genealogy of [[Jesus]] in [[St. Luke]] 3:36, which is taken from the Septuagint rather than the Hebrew text, include the name.''
:* [[Salah (biblical figure)|Salah]] (alsojuga transcribedditulis ''Shelah'') putra ArpachshadArpakhsad (oratau CainanKainan).
::* [[Eber]] putra Shelah: The ancestor ofLeluhur Abraham anddan theorang Hebrews[[Ibrani]], he has a significant placemempunyai asposisi thesignifikan 14thke-14 fromdari [[Adam]].{{sfn|Matthews|1996|p=497}}
:::* [[Peleg]]: The name meansberarti "divisionpembagian," anddan maydapat refermerujuk tokepada thepembagian divisionbangsa-bangsa ofsetelah the peoples in theperistiwa [[Tower of Babel|Menara Babel]] incident which follows, oratau tobahwa Peleg anddan hisketuruannya descendants"dibagi beingkhusus" ("''divided out''") assebagai theumat chosen people ofpilihan GodAllah.{{sfn|Matthews|1996|p=38}}
:::* [[Yoktan]]: TheNama nameini isbercorak [[Arabicbahasa Arab]], and hisdan ke-13 "sons,"putranya so far as they can be identified,diidentifikasi corresponddengan totempat-tempat thedi westbagian andbarat southwestdan ofbarat thedaya Arabiansemenanjung peninsulaArab.{{sfn|Tooman|2011|p=160}}
::::* [[Almodad]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Sheleph]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Hazarmaveth]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Jerah]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Hadoram]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Uzal]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Diklah]] putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Abimael]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[Sheba]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[OphirOfir]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[HavilahHawila]], putra Yoktan.
::::* [[JobabYobab]], putra Yoktan.
* [[Lud son of Shem|Lud]]: The kingdom ofKerajaan [[Lydia]] indi easternbagian timur Anatolia.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=141}} HoweverNamun, Lydia wasbukan notSemitik Semiticdan andsecara notgeografis geographicallytidak neardekat thedengan other"keturunan Sem"sons ofyang Shem"lain, which makes its presence insehingga thekehadirannya listdalam difficultdaftar tosukar explaindijelaskan.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=142}}
* [[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]]: Mesopotamia anddan SyriaSuriah.{{sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=141}}
** [[Uz (son of Aram)|Uz]], putra Aram.
** [[Hul]], putra Aram.
** [[Gether]], putra Aram.
** [[List of minor biblical figures, L–Z#Mash|Mash]], putra Aram ([[Kitab 1 ChroniclesTawarikh]] hasmemuat ''MeshechMesekh'').
<!--
== Putra-putra Nuh di luar catatan Alkitab==
==Extrabiblical sons of Nuh==
There exist various traditions in post-biblical sources claiming that Nuh had children other than Shem, Ham, and Japheth —— born variously before, during, or after the Deluge.
According to the [[Quran]] (''[[Hud (surah)|Hud]]'' 42–4342–43), Nuh had another unnamed son who refused to come aboard the Ark, instead preferring to climb a mountain, where he drowned. Some later Islamic commentators give his name as either ''Yam'' or ''Kan'an''.<ref>This was observed as early as 1734, in [[George Sale]]'s Commentary on the Quran.</ref>
According to [[Irish mythology]], as found in the ''[[Annals of the Four Masters]]'' and elsewhere, Nuh had another son named [[Cessair|Bith]] who was not allowed aboard the Ark, and who attempted to colonise Ireland with 54 persons, only to be wiped out in the Deluge.
Some 9th-century manuscripts of the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' assert that ''[[Sceafa]]'' was the fourth putra Nuh, born aboard the Ark, from whom the House of [[Wessex]] traced their ancestry; in [[William of Malmesbury]]'s version of this genealogy (c. 1120), Sceaf is instead made a descendant of ''Strephius'', the fourth son born aboard the Ark (''Gesta Regnum Anglorum'').
An early Arabic work known as ''Kitab al-Magall'' "Book of Rolls" (part of [[Clementine literature]]) mentions ''Bouniter'', the fourth putra Nuh, born after the flood, who allegedly invented astronomy and instructed Nimrod.<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Klijn|first=Albertus|authorlink=Albertus Klijn|title=Seth: In Jewish, Christian and Gnostic Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpY3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54|year=1977|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-05245-3}}, page 54</ref> Variants of this story with often similar names for Nuh's fourth son are also found in the c. fifth century [[Ge'ez language|Ge'ez]] work ''[[Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan]]'' (''Barvin''), the c. sixth century [[Syriac language|Syriac]] book ''[[Cave of Treasures]]'' (''Yonton''), the seventh century ''[[Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius]]'' (''Ionitus''<ref>S.P. Brock notes that the earliest Greek texts of ''Pseudo-Methodius'' read ''Moneton'', while the Syriac versions have ''Ionţon'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=AllY-mu65KsC&pg=PA123&dq=maniton+noah&sig=-f9dPnGz0czMO-kfP5MAxhoaJ-o#PPA116,M1 Armenian Apocrypha, p. 117])</ref>), the Syriac ''[[Book of the Bee]]'' 1221 (''Yônatôn''), the Hebrew ''[[Chronicles of Jerahmeel]]'', c. 12th–14th12th–14th century (''Jonithes''), and throughout Armenian apocryphal literature, where he is usually referred to as ''Maniton''; as well as in works by [[Petrus Comestor]] c. 1160 (''Jonithus''), [[Godfrey of Viterbo]] 1185 (''Ihonitus''), [[Michael the Syrian]] 1196 (''Maniton''), [[Abu al-Makarim]] c. 1208 (''Abu Naiţur''); [[Jacob van Maerlant]] c. 1270 (''Jonitus''), and [[Abraham Zacuto]] 1504 (''Yoniko''). <!-- and [[Jehiel ben Solomon Heilprin]] c. 1697 (''Yuniku'').-->
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[[Martin of Opava]] (c. 1250), later versions of the ''[[Mirabilia Urbis Romae]]'', and the ''Chronicon Bohemorum'' of Giovanni di Marignola (1355) make [[Janus]] (the Roman deity) the fourth putra Nuh, who moved to Italy, invented [[astrology]], and instructed Nimrod.
AccordingMenurut to the monkbiarawan [[Annio da Viterbo]] (1498), the Hellenisticpenulis BabylonianBabilonia writerHelenistik [[Berossus]] hadpernah mentionedmenyebut 30 childrenanak borndilahirkan tobagi Nuh aftersetelah theAir DelugeBah, includingtermasuk sonsputra-putra namedbernama [[Tuisto]], [[Prometheus]], [[Iapetus (mythology)|IapetusIapetos]], [[Macrus]], "16 [[titan (mythologymitologi)|titan]]s", [[Cranus]], [[Granaus]], [[Oceanus]], anddam [[Tipheus]]. AlsoJuga mentioneddisebutkan areputri-putri daughtersNuh ofyang Nuh namedbernama Araxa "the GreatAgung", Regina, [[Pandora]], Crana, anddan [[Thetis]]. HoweverNamun, naskah Annio's manuscript is widely regarded today as havingsekarang beendianggap ahasil forgerypemalsuan.<ref>[http://www.annomundi.com/history/travels_of_noah.htm Travels of Noah into Europe]</ref>
-->
== Islam ==
Putra-putra Nuh tidak disebutkan nama-namanya dalam QuranQur'an, melainkan hanya dicatat bahwa salah satu putranya termasuk orang-orang yang tidak mengikuti Nuh, bukan tergolong orang percaya, sehingga tenggelam dalam air bah. Juga Qur'an mengindikasikan bencana besar, cukup untuk menghancurkan orang-orang pada zaman Nuh, tetapi menyelamatkan Nuh dan keturunannya.<ref>Surat As-Saffat {{cite quran|37|75–77|s=ns}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
{{div col|cols=3}}
* [[Daftar genealogi Alkitab]]
* [[Aggadah]]
* [[Ancient Egypt]]
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.latinvulgate.com/ bahasa Latin VulgateVulgata dan andbahasa EnglishInggris Douay-Rheims]
* [http://www.apostlesbible.com/ EnglishSeptuaginta Septuagintbahasa Inggris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225081029/http://www.apostlesbible.com/ |date=2012-12-25 }}
* [http://etext.virginia.edu/frames/bibleframe.html King James Version anddan Revised Standard Version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329230641/http://etext.virginia.edu/frames/bibleframe.html |date=2015-03-29 }}
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=134&letter=G ''Jewish Encyclopedia'']: EntryEntri foruntuk "Genealogy"
* [http://custance.org/old/noah/ch1bh.html Custance, Arthur C., ''The Roots of the Nations''.] A{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020330025258/http://custance.org/old/noah/ch1bh.html more|date=2002-03-30 standard}} creationistCatatan accountkreasionis thatlebih associatesstandar Japhethyang withmengkaitkan EuropeYafet dengan Eropa.
{{Anak Nuh}}
<!--{{Noah's Ark}}
{{Religious family trees}}
{{Characters and names in the Quran}}-->
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nuh}}
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