Standard Oil: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 19.56 sunting Wagino Bot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 4.157.822 suntingan k →Bibliografi: minor cosmetic change ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 11 Maret 2023 23.54 sunting balikkan Native99girl (bicara \| kontrib) 107 suntingan tiada sumber resmi tentang nama itu.
(14 revisi perantara oleh 8 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: {{about\|perusahaan minyak yang dibubarkan tahun 1991\|perusahaan penerus dengan nama sejenis\|Standard Oil (disambiguasi)}} {{Infobox company \| name = Standard Oil Co. Inc.\| logo = [[~~File~~Berkas:Standard Oil Logo.svg\|245px\|Standard Oil Company logo c. 1911]] \| type = [[Cleveland, Ohio]] [[Corporation]] (1870–1882)<br>[[Trust (19th century)\|Business Trust]] (1882–1892)<br>[[New Jersey]] [[~~Perusahaan induk\|~~Perusahaan induk]] (1899–1911)<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/rockefeller/bio2.htm \|title=John D. and Standard Oil \|accessdate=2008-05-07 \|publisher=Bowling Green State University}}</ref> \| company_slogan = \| foundation = 1870 \| defunct = 1911 \| location = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] (1870–1885) <br>[[New York City]], [[New York]] (1885–1911)<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/timeline/index.html \|title=Rockefellers Timeline \|accessdate=2008-05-07 \|publisher=PBS \|archive-date=2012-10-31 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031105923/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/timeline/index.html \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \| key_people = [[John D. Rockefeller]], Founder & Chairman <br />[[Stephen V. Harkness]], initial investor<br/> [[Henry M. Flagler]], Senior Executive <br /> [[John D. Archbold]], Vice President <br /> [[William Rockefeller]], Senior Executive & New York Representative <br /> [[Samuel Andrews (chemist)\|Samuel Andrews]], Chemist & First Chief of Refining Operations <br /> [[Charles Pratt]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Henry H. Rogers]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Oliver H. Payne]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Daniel O'Day]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Jabez A. Bostwick]], Senior Executive & First Treasurer <br /> [[William G. Warden]],<ref>[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMVRR WARDEN WINTER HOME - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Senior Executive <br /> [[Jacob Vandergrift]],<ref>[{{Cite web \|url=http://www.oil150.com/essays/2007/02/jacob-vandergrifttransportation-pioneer \|title=Jacob Vandergrift…Transportation Pioneer \|{{!}} Oil150.com<!-- Bot generated title -->] \|access-date=2014-02-03 \|archive-date=2012-03-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314115703/http://www.oil150.com/essays/2007/02/jacob-vandergrifttransportation-pioneer \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> Senior Executive \| num_employees = 60.000 (1909)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17090/17090-h/17090-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Random Reminiscences, by John D. Rockefeller<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> \| industry = [[Industri minyak dan gas\|Migas]] Baris 19: }} '''Standard Oil Co. Inc.''' adalah bekas perusahaan minyak asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Didirikan tahun 1870 sebagai [[korporasi]] di [[Ohio]], Standard pernah menjadi pengilang minyak bumi terbesar di dunia.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/history/about_who_history.aspx \|title=Exxon Mobil - Our history \|accessdate=2009-02-03 \|publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp. \|archive-date=2008-11-12 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112123409/http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/history/about_who_history.aspx \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejarahnya yang kontroversial sebagai [[perusahaan multinasional]] pertama dan terbesar di dunia pada masanya berakhir tahun 1911, ketika [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] memutuskan bahwa Standard melakukan [[monopoli]] ilegal. Standard Oil mendominasi pasar produk minyak melalui [[integrasi horizontal]] di sektor pengilangan, dan kemudian juga pada [[integrasi vertikal]]. Standard Oil menguasai produksi dan logistik, memangkas harga, dan mematikan kompetitornya. Para kritikus menuduh Standard memasang harga agresif untuk menghancurkan kompetitornya dan membentuk monopoli yang membahayakan konsumen. [[John D. Rockefeller]] merupakan pendiri dan pemegang saham utama. Dengan dipecahnya Standard Oil menjadi 33 perusahaan yang lebih kecil, Rockefeller menjadi orang terkaya dunia pada waktu itu. == Referensi == {{reflist}} === Bibliografi === * Anderson, Irvine H. Jr., ''The Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. and United States East Asian Policy, 1933-1941'', Princeton University Press, 1975. * Bringhurst, Bruce. ''Antitrust and the Oil Monopoly: The Standard Oil Cases, 1890–1911''. New York: Greenwood Press, 1979. * Chernow, Ron. ''Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.'' London: Warner Books, 1998. * Cochran, S., ''Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880-1937'', University of California Press, 2000. * Droz, R.V. [http://www.us-highways.com/sohist.htm Whatever Happened to Standard Oil?], 2004. Retrieved June 25, 2005. * Folsom, Jr., Burton W. [http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=1571 ''John D. Rockefeller and the Oil Industry''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312150157/http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=1571 \|date=2007-03-12 }} from ''The Myth of the Robber Barons''. New York: Young America, 2003. * Giddens, Paul H. ''Standard Oil Co. (Companies and men)''. New York: Ayer Co. Publishing, 1976. * Henderson, Wayne. ''Standard Oil: The First 125 Years''. New York: Motorbooks International, 1996. * Hidy, Ralph W. and Muriel E. Hidy. ''History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey : Pioneering in Big Business 1882–1911)''. New York: Ayer Co. Publishing, 1987. * Jones; Eliot. ''The Trust Problem in the United States'' 1922. Chapter 5; [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6026575 online edition] * Klein, Henry H. ''Dynastic America and Those Who Own It''. New York: Kessinger Publishing, [1921] Reprint, 2003. * Knowlton, Evelyn H. and George S. Gibb. ''History of Standard Oil Co.: Resurgent Years 1911–1927''. New York: Harper & Row, 1956. * Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton and Charles S. Popple. ''New Horizons 1927–1950 (History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey), Volume 3)''. New York: Harper & Row, 1971. * Latham, Earl ed. ''John D. Rockefeller: Robber Baron or Industrial Statesman?'', 1949. Primary and secondary sources. * Manns, Leslie D. "Dominance in the Oil Industry: Standard Oil from 1865 to 1911" in David I. Rosenbaum ed, ''Market Dominance: How Firms Gain, Hold, or Lose it and the Impact on Economic Performance''. Praeger, 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10058077 online edition] * Montague, Gilbert Holland. ''The Rise And Progress of the Standard Oil Co''. (1902) [http://books.google.com/books?id=zjzUAAAAMAAJ online edition] * Montague, Gilbert Holland. "The Rise and Supremacy of the Standard Oil Co.," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', Vol. 16, No. 2 (February, 1902), pp. 265–292 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1882746 in JSTOR] Baris 50: * Nevins, Allan. ''Study In Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and Philanthropist''. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953. * {{cite book \|last = Nowell \|first = Gregory P. \|title = Mercantile States and the World Oil Cartel, 1900–1939. \|url = https://archive.org/details/mercantilestates00nowe ~~\|year = 1994~~ \|year = 1994 \|publisher = Cornell University Press \|id = }} * Standard Oil Co. of California. [http://www.us-highways.com/std-oil.jpg Whatever happened to Standard Oil?] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605101631/http://www.us-highways.com/std-oil.jpg \|date=2013-06-05 }}, 1980. Retrieved June 25, 2005. * [http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/MAIN.HTM Tarbell, Ida M. ''The History of the Standard Oil Co.''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040220010424/http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/main.htm \|date=2004-02-20 }}, 1904. The famous original expose in ''[[McClure's Magazine]]'' of Standard Oil. * Wall, Bennett H. ''Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey), Exxon Corp., 1950–1975''. New York: Harpercollins, 1989. * Williamson, Harold F. and Arnold R. Daum. ''The American Petroleum Industry: The Age of Illumination, 1859–1899'', 1959: vol 2, ''American Petroleum Industry: the Age of Energy 1899–1959'', 1964. The standard history of the oil industry. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9990987 online edition of vol 1] * [[Daniel Yergin\|Yergin, Daniel]]. ''[[The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power]]''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. == Pranala luar == {{Commons category\|Standard Oil}} * [http://www.linfo.org/standardoil.html The Dismantling of The Standard Oil Trust] * ''[http://www.pagetutor.com/standard/index.html The History of the Standard Oil Co.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124204908/http://www.pagetutor.com/standard/index.html \|date=2018-11-24 }}'' by Ida Tarbell * [http://www.buyandhold.com/bh/en/education/history/2000/standard_oil1.html Educate Yourself- Standard Oil -- Part I] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220181028/http://www.buyandhold.com/bh/en/education/history/2000/standard_oil1.html \|date=2004-12-20 }} * [http://www.dadyer.com/Economic%20Readings/witchhunting%20for%20robber%20barons.htm Witch-hunting] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092240/http://www.dadyer.com/Economic%20Readings/witchhunting%20for%20robber%20barons.htm \|date=2018-09-12 }} for Robber Barons: The Standard Oil Story by [[Lawrence w. reed\|Lawrence W. Reed]]—argues Standard Oil was not a coercive monopoly. * [http://www.mises.org/story/2317 The Truth About the "Robber Barons"]—arguing that Stand Oil was not a monopoly. * [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0766167291 Google Books: Dynastic America and Those Who Own It], 2003 (1921), by Henry H. Klein * [http://www.scripophily.net/stoiltrlsenu.html Standard Oil Trust original Stock Certificate signed by John. D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler and Jabez Abel Bostwick - 1882] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092035/https://scripophily.net/stoiltrlsenu.html \|date=2018-09-12 }} * [http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1911.htm Whatever happened to Standard Oil?: Pre-1911 and Post-1911] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618153450/http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1911.htm \|date=2006-06-18 }}—Timeline of the various subsidiaries * [http://www.us-highways.com/soworld.htm Standard Oil around the World: Post-1911] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093719/http://www.us-highways.com/soworld.htm \|date=2013-09-28 }} * [http://archive.org/stream/oilwelldrillerhi00whitrich#page/n289/mode/2up CHARLES A. WHITESHOT: THE OIL-WELL DRILLER.A HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST ENTERPRISE, THE OIL INDUSTRY] Publisher: MANNINGTON 1905 [[~~Category~~Kategori:Keluarga Rockefeller]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Monopoli bahan bakar]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1870]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perusahaan yang tidak lagi beroperasi]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perusahaan yang berkantor pusat di Cleveland, Ohio]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Perusahaan yang berkantor pusat di New York City]]