Standard Oil: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| foundation = 1870
| defunct = 1911
| location = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] (1870–1885) <br>[[New York City]], [[New York]] (1885–1911)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/timeline/index.html |title=Rockefellers Timeline |accessdate=2008-05-07 |publisher=PBS |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031105923/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/timeline/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| key_people = [[John D. Rockefeller]], Founder & Chairman <br />[[Stephen V. Harkness]], initial investor<br/> [[Henry M. Flagler]], Senior Executive <br /> [[John D. Archbold]], Vice President <br /> [[William Rockefeller]], Senior Executive & New York Representative <br /> [[Samuel Andrews (chemist)|Samuel Andrews]], Chemist & First Chief of Refining Operations <br /> [[Charles Pratt]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Henry H. Rogers]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Oliver H. Payne]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Daniel O'Day]], Senior Executive <br /> [[Jabez A. Bostwick]], Senior Executive & First Treasurer <br /> [[William G. Warden]],<ref>[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMVRR WARDEN WINTER HOME - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Senior Executive <br /> [[Jacob Vandergrift]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oil150.com/essays/2007/02/jacob-vandergrifttransportation-pioneer |title=Jacob Vandergrift…Transportation Pioneer {{!}} Oil150.com<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2014-02-03 |archive-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314115703/http://www.oil150.com/essays/2007/02/jacob-vandergrifttransportation-pioneer |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Senior Executive
| num_employees = 60.000 (1909)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17090/17090-h/17090-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Random Reminiscences, by John D. Rockefeller<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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'''Standard Oil Co. Inc.''' adalah bekas perusahaan minyak asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Didirikan tahun 1870 sebagai [[korporasi]] di [[Ohio]], Standard pernah menjadi pengilang minyak bumi terbesar di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/history/about_who_history.aspx |title=Exxon Mobil - Our history |accessdate=2009-02-03 |publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp. |archive-date=2008-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112123409/http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/history/about_who_history.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejarahnya yang kontroversial sebagai [[perusahaan multinasional]] pertama dan terbesar di dunia pada masanya berakhir tahun 1911, ketika [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] memutuskan bahwa Standard melakukan [[monopoli]] ilegal.
Standard Oil mendominasi pasar produk minyak melalui [[integrasi horizontal]] di sektor pengilangan, dan kemudian juga pada [[integrasi vertikal]]. Standard Oil menguasai produksi dan logistik, memangkas harga, dan mematikan kompetitornya. Para kritikus menuduh Standard memasang harga agresif untuk menghancurkan kompetitornya dan membentuk monopoli yang membahayakan konsumen.
[[John D. Rockefeller]] merupakan pendiri dan pemegang saham utama. Dengan dipecahnya Standard Oil menjadi 33 perusahaan yang lebih kecil, Rockefeller menjadi orang terkaya dunia pada waktu itu.
== Referensi ==
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|publisher = Cornell University Press
|id = }}
* Standard Oil Co. of California. [http://www.us-highways.com/std-oil.jpg Whatever happened to Standard Oil?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605101631/http://www.us-highways.com/std-oil.jpg |date=2013-06-05 }}, 1980. Retrieved June 25, 2005.
* [http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/MAIN.HTM Tarbell, Ida M. ''The History of the Standard Oil Co.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040220010424/http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/main.htm |date=2004-02-20 }}, 1904. The famous original expose in ''[[McClure's Magazine]]'' of Standard Oil.
* Wall, Bennett H. ''Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey), Exxon Corp., 1950–1975''. New York: Harpercollins, 1989.
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{{Commons category|Standard Oil}}
* [http://www.linfo.org/standardoil.html The Dismantling of The Standard Oil Trust]
* ''[http://www.pagetutor.com/standard/index.html The History of the Standard Oil Co.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124204908/http://www.pagetutor.com/standard/index.html |date=2018-11-24 }}'' by Ida Tarbell
* [http://www.buyandhold.com/bh/en/education/history/2000/standard_oil1.html Educate Yourself- Standard Oil -- Part I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220181028/http://www.buyandhold.com/bh/en/education/history/2000/standard_oil1.html |date=2004-12-20 }}
* [http://www.dadyer.com/Economic%20Readings/witchhunting%20for%20robber%20barons.htm Witch-hunting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092240/http://www.dadyer.com/Economic%20Readings/witchhunting%20for%20robber%20barons.htm |date=2018-09-12 }} for Robber Barons: The Standard Oil Story by [[Lawrence w. reed|Lawrence W. Reed]]—argues Standard Oil was not a coercive monopoly.
* [http://www.mises.org/story/2317 The Truth About the "Robber Barons"]—arguing that Stand Oil was not a monopoly.
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0766167291 Google Books: Dynastic America and Those Who Own It], 2003 (1921), by Henry H. Klein
* [http://www.scripophily.net/stoiltrlsenu.html Standard Oil Trust original Stock Certificate signed by John. D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler and Jabez Abel Bostwick - 1882] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092035/https://scripophily.net/stoiltrlsenu.html |date=2018-09-12 }}
* [http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1911.htm Whatever happened to Standard Oil?: Pre-1911 and Post-1911] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618153450/http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1911.htm |date=2006-06-18 }}—Timeline of the various subsidiaries
* [http://www.us-highways.com/soworld.htm Standard Oil around the World: Post-1911] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093719/http://www.us-highways.com/soworld.htm |date=2013-09-28 }}
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