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{{Yesus}}
Menurut keyakinan [[Kristen]], kehidupan '''[[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]''' merupakan penggenapan '''[[nubuat]] [[Mesias|mesianik]]''' yang tertulis dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]]. Dalam [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]], seluruh [[Alkitab Ibrani]] merupakan bagian [[Perjanjian Lama]] yang mencatat riwayat sejarah dan nubuat para nabi sampai sekitar 4 abad sebelum [[kelahiran Yesus]], sedangkan [[kronologi kehidupan Yesus|riwayat kehidupan Yesus]] dicatat dalam bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Di dalam tulisan-tulisan [[Perjanjian Baru]] berulang kali dijumpai kutipan dari [[Alkitab Ibrani]] yang mendukung klaim orang Kristen mula-mula (yang terdiri dari orang-orang Yahudi) bahwa [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] orang [[Nazaret]] adalah [[Mesias]] yang dinubuatkan sebelumnya, yang datang untuk menebus dosa manusia dengan [[kematian Yesus|kematian]][[kebangkitan Yesus| dan kebangkitan-Nya]], serta [[Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus|kelak akan datang kembali]] untuk melakukan [[Penghakiman Terakhir]]. Sebagian besar kutipan dan rujukan ini tertulis dalam [[Kitab Yesaya]], tetapi yang lain-lainnya meliputi seluruh tulisan dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] maupun tulisan kuno orang Yahudi. Mayoritas orang Yahudi saat ini tidak menganggap nubuat-nubuat tersebut telah digenapi oleh Yesus, bahkan sebagian dari ayat-ayat kutipan itu tidak dianggap oleh mereka sebagai "nubuat mesianik".<ref>[http://www.jewfaq.org/mashiach.htm Judaism 101 - Mashiach: The Messiah]</ref> Kelompok orang Yahudi yang menerima Yesus Kristus sebagai penggenapan nubuat mesianik pada zaman modern disebut penganut [[Yudaisme Mesianik]].
Menurut keyakinan [[Kristen]], kehidupan '''[[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]''' merupakan penggenapan '''[[nubuat]] [[Mesias|mesianik]]''' yang tertulis dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Perjanjian Lama]]. Dalam [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]], [[Perjanjian Lama]] mencatat riwayat sejarah dan nubuat para nabi sebelum [[kelahiran Yesus]], sedangkan [[kronologi kehidupan Yesus|riwayat kehidupan Yesus]] dicatat dalam bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Di dalam tulisan-tulisan [[Perjanjian Baru]] berulang kali dijumpai kutipan dari [[Perjanjian Lama]] yang mendukung klaim orang Kristen mula-mula (yang terdiri dari orang-orang Yahudi) bahwa [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] orang [[Nazaret]] adalah [[Mesias]] yang dinubuatkan sebelumnya, yang datang untuk menebus dosa manusia dengan [[kematian Yesus|kematian]][[kebangkitan Yesus|dan kebangkitan-Nya]], serta [[Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus|kelak akan datang kembali]] untuk melakukan [[Penghakiman terakhir]]. Sebagian besar kutipan dan rujukan ini tertulis dalam [[Kitab Yesaya]], tetapi yang lain-lainnya meliputi seluruh tulisan dalam [[Perjanjian Lama]] maupun tulisan kuno orang Yahudi. Mayoritas orang Yahudi saat ini tidak menganggap nubuat-nubuat tersebut telah digenapi oleh Yesus, bahkan sebagian dari ayat-ayat kutipan itu tidak dianggap oleh mereka sebagai "nubuat mesianik".<ref>[http://www.jewfaq.org/mashiach.htm Judaism 101 - Mashiach: The Messiah]</ref> Kelompok orang Yahudi yang menerima Yesus Kristus sebagai penggenapan nubuat mesianik pada zaman modern disebut [[Yudaisme Mesianik]].
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== Ringkasan ==
{| class=prettytable
|+ Nubuat Mesianik yang digenapi oleh [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/biblefactsandlists/a/Prophecies-Jesus.htm |title=Nubuat mengenai Yesus |access-date=2014-01-30 |archive-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202222344/http://christianity.about.com/od/biblefactsandlists/a/Prophecies-Jesus.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
! # !! Keterangan !! [[Perjanjian Lama]]<br>(Nubuat) !! [[Perjanjian Baru]]<br>(Penggenapan)
|-
| 1 || [[Mesias]] akan dilahirkan dari seorang perempuan. || [[Kejadian 3#Ayat 15|Kejadian 3:15]] || [[Matius 1#Ayat 20|Matius 1:20]]; [[Galatia 4#Ayat 4|Galatia 4:4]]
|-
| 2 || Mesias akan dilahirkan di [[Betlehem]] || [[Mikha 5#Ayat 1|Mikha 5:1]] || [[Matius 2#Ayat 1|Matius 2:1]]; [[Lukas 2#Ayat 4|Lukas 2:4-6]]
|-
| 3 || Mesias akan dilahirkan dari seorang perawan || [[Yesaya 7:14]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 1:22-23; Lukas 1:26-31}}
|-
| 4 || Mesias akan datang dari keturunan [[Abraham]] || [[Kejadian 12#Ayat 3|Kejadian 12:3]]; {{Alkitab|Kejadian 22:18}} || [[Matius 1#Ayat 1|Matius 1:1]]; {{Alkitab|Roma 9:5}}
|-
| 5 || Mesias akan datang dari keturunan [[Ishak]] || {{Alkitab|Kejadian 17:19; Kejadian 21:12}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 3:34}}
|-
| 6 || Mesias akan datang dari keturunan [[Yakub]] || [[Bilangan 24#Ayat 17|Bilangan 24:17]] || [[Matius 1#Ayat 2|Matius 1:2]]
|-
| 7 || Mesias akan datang dari [[suku Yehuda]] || {{Alkitab|Kejadian 49:10}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 3:33}}; [[Ibrani 7#Ayat 14|Ibrani 7:14]]
|-
| 8 || Mesias merupakan ahli waris tahta raja [[Daud]] || {{Alkitab|2 Samuel 7:12-13; Yesaya 9:7}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 1:32-33; Roma 1:3}}
|-
| 9 || Tahta Mesias akan diurapi dan kekal || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 45:6-7; Daniel 2:44}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 1:33; Ibrani 1:8-12}}
|-
| 10 || Mesias akan disebut [[Imanuel]]. || [[Yesaya 7:14]] || [[Matius 1#Ayat 23|Matius 1:23]]
|-
| 11 || Mesias akan tinggal sementara di [[Mesir]]. || [[Hosea 11#Ayat 1|Hosea 11:1]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 2:14-15}}
|-
| 12 || Pembunuhan anak-anak akan terjadi di kota kelahiran Mesias. || {{Alkitab|Yeremia 31:15}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 2:16-18}}
|-
| 13 || Seorang utusan akan mempersiapkan jalan bagi Mesias || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 40:3-5}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 3:3-6}}
|-
| 14 || Mesias akan ditolak oleh umatnya sendiri. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 69:8; Yesaya 53:3}} || {{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:11; Yohanes 7:5}}
|-
| 15 || Mesias merupakan seorang nabi. || {{Alkitab|Ulangan 18:15}} || {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 3:20-22}}
|-
| 16 || Mesias akan didahului oleh [[Elia]]. || {{Alkitab|Maleakhi 4:5-6}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 11:13-14}}
|-
| 17 || Mesias akan dinyatakan sebagai Anak Allah. || [[Mazmur 2#Ayat 7|Mazmur 2:7]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 3:16-17}}
|-
| 18 || Mesias akan disebut orang [[Nazaret]] (''ha Natzeri''; "Sang Tunas"). || [[Yesaya 11#Ayat 1|Yesaya 11:1]] || [[Matius 2#Ayat 23|Matius 2:23]]
|-
| 19 || Mesias akan membawa terang ke daerah [[Galilea]]. || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 9:1-2}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 4:13-16}}
|-
| 20 || Mesias akan berbicara [[perumpamaan Yesus|dalam perumpamaan]]. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 78:2-4; Yesaya 6:9-10}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 13:10-15, 34-35}}
|-
| 21 || Mesias akan diutus untuk menyembuhkan orang yang patah hati. || [[Yesaya 61#Ayat 1|Yesaya 61:1]][[Yesaya 61#Ayat 2|-2]] || {{Alkitab|Lukas 4:18-19}}
|-
| 22 || Mesias merupakan imam menurut aturan [[Melkisedek]]. || [[Mazmur 110#Ayat 4|Mazmur 110:4]] || {{Alkitab|Ibrani 5:5-6}}
|-
| 23 || Mesias akan disebut Raja. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 2:6}}; [[Zakharia 9#Ayat 9|Zakharia 9:9]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:37; Markus 11:7-11}}
|-
| 24 || Mesias akan dipuji oleh anak-anak kecil. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 8:2}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 21:16}}
|-
| 25 || Mesias akan dikhianati. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 41:9; Zakharia 11:12-13}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 22:47-48; Matius 26:14-16}}
|-
| 26 || Uang pengkhianatan Mesias akan digunakan untuk membeli tanah tukang periuk. || {{Alkitab|Zakharia 11:12-13}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:9-10}}
|-
| 27 || Mesias akan difitnah. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 35:11}} || {{Alkitab|Markus 14:57-58}}
|-
| 28 || Mesias akan diam di hadapan para penuduhnya. || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 53:7}} || {{Alkitab|Markus 15:4-5}}
|-
| 29 || Mesias akan diludahi dan dipukuli. || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 50:6}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 26:67}}
|-
| 30 || Mesias akan dibenci tanpa alasan. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 35:19; Mazmur 69:4}} || {{Alkitab|Yohanes 15:24-25}}
|-
| 31 || Mesias akan disalibkan bersama para penjahat. || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 53:12}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:38; Markus 15:27-28}}
|-
| 32 || Mesias akan diberi minum cuka. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 69:21}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:34; Yohanes 19:28-30}}
|-
| 33 || Tangan dan kaki Mesias akan ditusuk. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 22:16}}; [[Zakharia 12#ayat 10|Zakharia 12:10]] || {{Alkitab|Yohanes 20:25-27}}
|-
| 34 || Mesias akan dicaci dan dihina. || [[Mazmur 22#Ayat 7|Mazmur 22:7-8]] || {{Alkitab|Lukas 23:35}}
|-
| 35 || Para tentara akan membuang undi atas pakaian Mesias. || [[Mazmur 22|Mazmur 22:18]] || {{Alkitab|Lukas 23:34; Matius 27:35-36}}
|-
| 36 || Tulang-tulang Mesias tidak akan dipatahkan. || {{Alkitab|Keluaran 12:46; Mazmur 34:20}} || {{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:33-36}}
|-
| 37 || Mesias akan ditinggalkan oleh Allah. || [[Mazmur 22#Ayat 2|Mazmur 22:2]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:46}}
|-
| 38 || Mesias akan berdoa bagi musuh-musuhnya. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 109:4}} || {{Alkitab|Lukas 23:34}}
|-
| 39 || Bagian samping Mesias akan ditusuk. || [[Zakharia 12#ayat 10|Zakharia 12:10]] || {{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:34}}
|-
| 40 || Mesias akan [[Penguburan Yesus|dikuburkan dalam tempat orang kaya]]. || [[Yesaya 53:9]] || {{Alkitab|Matius 27:57-60}}
|-
| 41 || Mesias akan [[kebangkitan Yesus|bangkit dari kematian]]. || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 16:10; Mazmur 49:15}} || {{Alkitab|Matius 28:2-7; Kisah Para Rasul 2:22-32}}
|-
| 42 || Mesias akan [[kenaikan Yesus|naik ke sorga]] || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 24:7-10}} || {{Alkitab|Markus 16:19; Lukas 24:51}}
|-
| 43 || Mesias akan duduk di sebelah kanan Allah || {{Alkitab|Mazmur 68:18; Mazmur 110:1}} || {{Alkitab|Markus 16:19; Matius 22:44}}
|-
| 44 || Mesias akan menjadi korban penebusan dosa || {{Alkitab|Yesaya 53:5-12}} || {{Alkitab|Roma 5:6-8}}
|}
 
== Ayat-ayat yang dianggap mengandung nubuat yang digenapi ==
 
=== [[Kitab Daniel]] 9:24-27 ===
{{Main|Nubuat mengenai tujuh puluh kali tujuh masa|Daniel 9}}
==== Daniel 9:24-27 ====
:"Tujuh puluh kali tujuh masa telah ditetapkan atas bangsamu dan atas kotamu yang kudus, untuk melenyapkan kefasikan, untuk mengakhiri dosa, untuk menghapuskan kesalahan, untuk mendatangkan keadilan yang kekal, untuk menggenapkan penglihatan dan nabi, dan untuk mengurapi yang maha kudus.<sup>25</sup>Maka ketahuilah dan pahamilah: dari saat firman itu keluar, yakni bahwa Yerusalem akan dipulihkan dan dibangun kembali, sampai pada kedatangan seorang yang diurapi, seorang raja, ada tujuh kali tujuh masa; dan enam puluh dua kali tujuh masa lamanya kota itu akan dibangun kembali dengan tanah lapang dan paritnya, tetapi di tengah-tengah kesulitan.<sup>26</sup>Sesudah keenam puluh dua kali tujuh masa itu akan disingkirkan seorang yang telah diurapi, padahal tidak ada salahnya apa-apa. Maka datanglah rakyat seorang raja memusnahkan kota dan tempat kudus itu, tetapi raja itu akan menemui ajalnya dalam air bah; dan sampai pada akhir zaman akan ada peperangan dan pemusnahan, seperti yang telah ditetapkan.<sup>27</sup>Raja itu akan membuat perjanjian itu menjadi berat bagi banyak orang selama satu kali tujuh masa. Pada pertengahan tujuh masa itu ia akan menghentikan korban sembelihan dan korban santapan; dan di atas sayap kekejian akan datang yang membinasakan, sampai pemusnahan yang telah ditetapkan menimpa yang membinasakan itu."<ref>{{Alkitab|Daniel 9:24-27}}</ref>
{{Main|Nubuat Tujuh Puluh Minggu}}
{{quote|"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy. Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate" - Daniel 9:24-27 (Authorized Version 1611)}}
 
ReferencesRujukan-rujukan tokepada "mostyang holykudus", "anointedyang telah diurapi" ("MessiahMesias") anddan "princeraja" haveditafsirkan beenmengarah interpretedkepada as speaking of JesusYesus, anddan the phrasefrasa "anointedakan shalldisingkirkan beseorang cutyang off"telah asdiurapi, pointingpadahal totidak hisada crucifixion, thesalahnya apa-apa"people ofmenunjuk thekepada prince[[penyaliban whoYesus|penyaliban-Nya]]. Frasa "datanglah israkyat toseorang comeraja" beingdianggap takenmerujuk tokepada refertentara toRomawi theyang Romansmenghancurkan whoYerusalem destroyeddan JerusalemBait andSuci theHerodes Templepada intahun 70 ADM.<ref>Tim Meadowcroft [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9231(200123)120%3A3%3C429%3AETDSTI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 120, No. 3 (Autumn, 2001) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
 
In theDalam [[GospelInjil of MarkMarkus]], Jesus[[Yesus]] refersmerujuk tokepada the"[[Kekejian “horribleyang membinasakan|Pembinasa keji]]" ({{lang-en|"horrible abomination” oratau “abomination of desolation"}}), ({{bibleverse||Mark[[Markus 13#Ayat 14|Markus 13:14|NASB}}]]) anddan thedalam [[GospelInjil of MatthewMatius]] addsada arujukan directlangsung referencehal toini this as being from thekepada [[Book ofKitab Daniel]], "So when you see the desolating sacrilege spoken of by the prophet Daniel…" ({{bibleverse||Matt|24:15|NASB}})
: [Yesus berkata:] "<span style="color:green;">Jadi apabila kamu melihat '''Pembinasa keji''' berdiri di tempat kudus, menurut firman yang disampaikan oleh nabi [[Daniel]]</span>--para pembaca hendaklah memperhatikannya…" ([[Matius 24#Ayat 15|Matius 24:15]])
 
TheYang generalmenjadi scholarlypandangan viewkeilmuan umum<ref>httphttps://books.google.cacom/books?id=CWUtuA1oa-AC&pg=PA42</ref><ref>httphttps://books.google.cacom/books?id=nuLapFR3AX4C&pg=PA150</ref> isadalah thatbahwa thepenulis author ofKitab Daniel is writing amenuliskan contemporaneoussuatu accountlaporan of themengenai [[MaccabeanPemberontakan RevoltMakabe]] c.({{circa}} 167 BCESM) yang terjadi pada zamannya anddan thefrasa "cuttingakan offdisingkirkan ofseorang anyang anointedtelah onediurapi" (9:26) refersmerujuk topada thepembunuhan murderimam ofbesar the[[Onias highIII]] priest(lih. [[Onias2 IIIMakabe]]:3-4); the "[[abominationKekejian ofyang desolationmembinasakan|abominationsayap thatkekejian causesakan desolationdatang yang membinasakan]]" refersmerujuk to Antiochus IVpada [[AntiochusAntiokhus IV#Sacking ofEpifanes|Antiokhus JerusalemIV]] andyang persecutionmendirikan ofpatung Jews|erectingZeus adi statueBait ofSuci Zeus(lih. in the[[2 TempleMakabe]]:6), theperang finalterakhir strawyang breakingmenghancurkan thekoeksistensi uneasyyang coexistencetidak ofmudah theantara traditionalistkaum JewsYahudi andtradisionalis thedengan morekaum [[HellenisticYudaisme JudaismHelenistik|HellenizedYahudi yang lebih terpengaruh pada budaya JewsYunani]].
 
==== UlanganHagai 182:156-9 ====
{{main|Hagai 2}}
{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|18|HE}} is one of the earliest prophecies which speaks of a prophet who would be raised up from among the Jewish nation.
:"<sup>6</sup>Sebab beginilah firman TUHAN semesta alam ({{lang-he|ADONAI-Tzva'ot}}): Sedikit waktu lagi maka Aku akan menggoncangkan langit dan bumi, laut dan darat; <sup>7</sup>Aku akan menggoncangkan segala bangsa, sehingga barang yang indah-indah kepunyaan segala bangsa datang mengalir, maka Aku akan memenuhi Rumah ini dengan kemegahan, firman TUHAN semesta alam.<sup>8</sup>Kepunyaan-Kulah perak dan kepunyaan-Kulah emas, demikianlah firman TUHAN semesta alam.<sup>9</sup>Adapun Rumah ini, kemegahannya yang kemudian akan melebihi kemegahannya yang semula, firman TUHAN semesta alam, dan di tempat ini Aku akan memberi damai sejahtera, demikianlah firman TUHAN semesta alam."<ref>{{Alkitab|Hagai 2:6-9}}</ref>
{{quote|<sup>15</sup> "The LORD will raise up for you a prophet like me from among yourselves, from your own kinsmen. You are to pay attention to him ... <sup>18</sup>I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their kinsmen. I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I order him." ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]])}}
Some Evangelical Christians claim that in the first century CE, Jews expected a final prophet.<ref>[[ESV Study Bible]] (commentary on Deuteronomy 18.15-19)</ref> The [[Gospel of John]] states that the Jews of Jesus' time asked [[John the Baptist]] if he were the prophet described in this verse ({{bibleref|John|1:19-22|NIV}}), and that he denied it. In {{bibleref|Acts|3:18-22|NIV}}, [[Saint Peter|Peter]] claimed that Jesus was the fulfillment of this promise.
 
[[Bait Suci Kedua]] akan dipenuhi oleh kemuliaan Allah dan kemuliaannya akan melebihi [[Bait Salomo]] meskipun tidak memiliki perkakas yang hilang dalam pembuangan dan tidak adanya api kudus yang asalnya dinyalakan oleh Allah sendiri di atas mezbah.
==== Yehezkiel 37:26-27 ====
{{quote|"I will make a covenant of peace with them, an everlasting covenant. I will give to them, increase their numbers, and set my Sanctuary among them forever. My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people." ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]])}}
 
Bagi sejumlah orang Kristen, nubuat ini diyakini telah digenapi dengan kehadiran [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] dari [[Nazaret]] dan pengajaran-Nya di Bait Suci yang dipugar oleh raja [[Herodes Agung|Herodes]] dan damai yang dianugerahkan Allah bagi seluruh umat manusia dengan terbelahnya tirai yang membatasi Ruang Mahakudus pada waktu [[kematian Yesus|wafatnya Kristus]]. Lebih lagi, jika nubuat nabi Hagai benar-benar terlaksana, maka harus terjadi sebelum tahun 70 Masehi karena orang Romawi menghancurkan Bait Suci Kedua pada tahun itu.
The "dwelling place" (Hebrew ''mishkan'') recalls the wilderness [[tabernacle]]. The Sanctuary (Hebrew ''miqdash'') points rather to the Temple, in particular the renewed Temple, which will occupy Ezekiel's attention in the last ch.s of 40-48.
 
Sebaliknya, banyak sarjana, termasuk orang Kristen Evangelikal, memahami nubuat tersebut sebagai rujukan kepada keindahan fisik Bait Suci (sebagaimana disiratkan dalam konteks) dan akan terlaksana pada Bait Suci Ketiga.<ref>J. Cadrl Laney, Answers to Tough Questions from Every Book of the Bible A Survey of Problem Passages and Issues from Every Book of the Bible, page 174.</ref>
Christianity believes that Ezekiel's Temple is more glorious than the Tabernacle of Moses (Exodus 25-40) and the Temple of Solomon (1 Kings 5-8), pointing forward to several beliefs:
*(1) the glory in which God dwells with man in the Messiah (John 1:14 ''The Word became a human being and lived with us, and we saw his Sh'khinah'' ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]]));
*(2) The Messiah's body is the Temple (John 2:19-21 ''Yeshua answered them, "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up again." The Judeans said, "It took 46 years to build this Temple, and you're going to raise it in three days?" But the "temple" he had spoken of was his body.'' ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]]));
*(3) the messianic community as the Temple (1 Corinthians 3:16 ''Don't you know that you people are God's Temple and that God's Spirit lives in you?'', Ephesians 2:20-22 ''You have been built on the foundation of the emissaries and the prophets, with the cornerstone being Yeshua the Messiah himself. In union with him the whole building is held together, and it is growing into a holy temple in union with the Lord. Yes, in union with him, you yourselves are being built together into a spiritual dwelling-place for God!'', 1 Peter 2:5 ''...you yourselves, as living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be cohanim set apart for God to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to him through Yeshua the Messiah. '' ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]]));
*(4) the body of the individual believer (1 Corinthians 6:19 ''Or don't you know that your body is a Temple for the Ruach HaKodesh who lives inside you, whom you received from God? The fact is, you don't belong to yourselves'' ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]]));
*(5) the heavenly Jerusalem (Revelation [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/revelation/passage.aspx?q=Revelation+21:9-27;Revelation+22:1-5 21:9-22:5])<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
 
=== Hosea 11:1 ===
Judaism holds that the Messiah has not yet arrived namely because of the belief that the [[Messianic Age]] has not started yet. Jews believe that the Messiah will completely change life on earth and that pain and suffering will be conquered, thus initiating the [[Kingdom of God]] and the Messianic Age on earth. Christian belief varies, with one segment holding that the Kingdom of God is not worldly at all, while another believe that the Kingdom is both spiritual and will be of this world in a Messianic Age where Jesus will rule on the throne of David. Most Jews hold that the Kingdom of God will be on earth and the Messiah will occupy the throne of David. Jews hold that life on earth after Jesus has not changed profoundly enough for him to be considered the Messiah.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} Christians (in particular Evangelicals) who believe that it is both/and claim that it is spiritual and within right now, and physical and outward at the return of the Messiah.
{{Main|Hosea 11}}
:"Ketika Israel masih muda, Kukasihi dia, dan dari Mesir Kupanggil anak-Ku itu."<ref>{{Alkitab|Hosea 11:1}}</ref>
 
Dalam konteks aslinya, teks dari [[Kitab Hosea]] ini merujuk kepada penyelamatan orang Israel dari perbudakan di Mesir.<ref>David A. DeSilva, ''An Introduction to the New Testament'', InterVarsity Press, 2004, page 249.</ref> [[Injil Matius]] menerapkannya pada kembalinya [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]], pada masa kanak-kanak, dan keluarga-Nya dari Mesir sebagai penggenapan nubuat mesianik ini.<ref>[[John H. Sailhamer]], [http://www.etsjets.org/jets/journal/44/44-1/44-1-PP005-024_JETS.pdf The Messiah and the Hebrew Bible], ''[[Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society]]'' 44/1 (March 2001).</ref> <!--“An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, ‘Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there till I tell you; for Herod is about to search for the child to destroy him.’ And he rose and took the child and his mother by night, and departed to Egypt, and remained there until the death of Herod. This was to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet, ‘Out of Egypt have I called my son’” (Matthew 2: 13-15). Conservative scholars argue that this passage fits into the context of Hosea 11.<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/matthew/mt-214-15-how-could-matthew-quote-hosea-as-a-fulfillment-of-jesus-when-hosea-was-referring-to-the-nation-of-israel/</ref>
While Christians have cited the following as prophecies referencing the life, status, and legacy of Jesus, Jewish scholars maintain that these passages are not messianic prophecies and are based on mistranslations/misunderstanding of the Hebrew texts.<ref>[http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/jewsandjesus#1 Why Don't Jews Believe In Jesus | The difference between Judaism and Christianity]</ref>
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=== Mikha 5:1 ===
{{main|Mikha 5#Ayat 1}}
:"Tetapi engkau, hai Betlehem Efrata, hai yang terkecil di antara kaum-kaum Yehuda, daripadamu akan bangkit bagi-Ku seorang yang akan memerintah Israel, yang permulaannya sudah sejak purbakala, sejak dahulu kala."<ref>{{Alkitab|Mikha 5:1}}</ref>
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A verse near the end of [[Micah (prophet)|Micah]]'s prophecy on the [[Babylonian captivity]] has been interpreted by Christian apologists as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>W. Muss-Arnolt [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-3578(189706)9%3A6%3C443%3AHTTSOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M Biblical World, Vol. 9, No. 6 (Jun., 1897) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
==== Hagai 2:6-9 ====
{{quote|"6 For this is what ADONAI-Tzva'ot says: "It won't be long before one more time I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land;
7 and I will shake all the nations, so that the treasures of all the nations will flow in; and I will fill this house with glory," says ADONAI-Tzva'ot.
8 "The silver is mine, and the gold is mine," says ADONAI-Tzva'ot.
9 "The glory of this new house will surpass that of the old," says ADONAI-Tzva'ot, "and in this place I will grant shalom," says ADONAI-Tzva'ot.'" ([[Complete Jewish Bible|CJB]])}}
 
The verse describes the [[clan]] of Bethlehem, who was the son of [[Caleb]]'s second wife, [[Ephrathah]]. (1 Chr. [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/2-18.html 2:18], [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/passage.aspx?q=1%20Chronicles+2:50-52 2:50-52], [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/4-4.html 4:4]) Bethlehem Ephrathah is the town and clan from which king [[David]] was born,<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|16.18-23|HE}}</ref> and this passage refers to the future birth of a new Davidic heir.<ref>Joseph A. Fitzmyer, ''The One who is to Come'', (Eerdmans, 2007), page 53.</ref>
The [[Second Temple]] was to be filled with the glory of God and its glory would be superior to [[Solomon's temple]] despite the missing artifacts and the absence of sacred fire (God initially lighting up the altar Himself).
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Meskipun Injil Matius dan Injil Lukas mencatat riwayat yang berbeda mengenai kelahiran Yesus, keduanya menyatakan bahwa Yesus lahir di [[Betlehem]].<ref>Raymond E. Brown, ''The Birth of the Messiah'', Anchor Bible (1999), page 36.</ref> Injil Matius mencatat bahwa [[Herodes Agung|raja Herodes]] menanyai kepala imam dan ahli-ahli Taurat di Yerusalem di mana Mesias akan dilahirkan. Mereka menjawab dengan mengutip dari Kitab Mikha, "Di Beit-Lechem tanah Y'hudah," jawab mereka, "karena sang nabi menulis, 'Dan engkau, Beit-Lechem di tanah Y'hudah, sekali-kali bukanlah yang terkecil di antara para pemimpin Y'hudah; karena daripadamu akan datang seorang Pemimpin yang akan menggembalakan umatku Isra'el.'"<ref>{{Alkitab|Matius 2:4-6}}</ref>
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The idea that Bethlehem was to be the birthplace of the Messiah appears in no Jewish source before the 4th century CE.<ref>Edwin D. Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 79.</ref> Jewish tradition appears to have emphasised the idea that the birthplace of the Messiah was not known.<ref>Edwin D Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 79; see {{bibleverse||John|7:26-27|131}}</ref>
 
Many modern scholars consider the birth stories as inventions by the Gospel writers, created to glorify Jesus and present his birth as the fulfillment of prophecy.<ref>Geza Vermes, ''The Nativity: History and Legend'', London, Penguin, 2006, p22.</ref><ref>E. P. Sanders, ''The Historical Figure of Jesus'', Penguin, 1993, p.85.</ref> However since the birth in Bethlehem is one of the few common elements in the Gospel accounts, some scholars believe that both writers were drawing on an existing Christian tradition.<ref>Edwin D. Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 78.</ref>
For some Christians, this prophecy is believed to be fulfilled in [[Jesus of Nazareth]] being present and teaching in Herod's renovated [[Herod's Temple|Temple]] and peace being granted by God for mankind in that place through the tearing of the veil of the Holy of Holies upon Christ's death. Furthermore, it is asserted that if Haggai's prophecy is to be held as true, it must have been accomplished before 70 AD since the Romans destroyed the Second Temple at that time.
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=== Kebijaksanaan 2:12-20 ===
{{See also|Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo#Penafsiran mesianik oleh kalangan Kristen}}
 
[[Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo]] merupakan salah satu kitab [[Deuterokanonika]] Perjanjian Lama. Kitab-kitab Deuterokanonika dipandang [[Kanon Alkitab|kanonik]] oleh kalangan [[Katolik Roma|Katolik]], [[Ortodoks Timur]], dan [[Ortodoks Oriental]], tetapi dipandang non kanonik oleh kalangan [[Yahudi]] dan [[Protestan]].
On the other hand, many scholars, including evangelical Christians, understand the prophecy as being in reference to the physical splendor of the Temple (as implied by the context) and/or apply it to the yet future [[Third Temple]].<ref>J. Cadrl Laney, Answers to Tough Questions from Every Book of the Bible A Survey of Problem Passages and Issues from Every Book of the Bible, page 174.</ref>
 
:Marilah kita menghadang orang yang baik, sebab bagi kita ia menjadi gangguan serta menentang pekerjaan kita. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran hukum dituduhkannya kepada kita, dan kepada kita dipersalahkannya dosa-dosa terhadap pendidikan kita.
==== Hosea 11:1 ====
:Ia membanggakan mempunyai pengetahuan tentang Allah, dan menyebut dirinya anak Tuhan.
{{Main|Flight into Egypt#Prophecy of Hosea}}
:Bagi kita ia merupakan celaan atas anggapan kita, hanya melihat dia saja sudah berat rasanya bagi kita.
{{quote|"When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son."}}
:Sebab hidupnya sungguh berlainan dari kehidupan orang lain, dan lain dari lainlah langkah lakunya.
:Kita dianggap olehnya sebagai orang yang tidak sejati, dan langkah laku kita dijauhinya seolah-olah najis adanya. Akhir hidup orang benar dipujinya bahagia, dan ia bermegah-megah bahwa bapanya ialah Allah.
:Coba kita lihat apakah perkataannya benar dan ujilah apa yang terjadi waktu ia berpulang.
:Jika orang yang benar itu sungguh anak Allah, niscaya Ia akan menolong dia serta melepaskannya dari tangan para lawannya.
:Mari, kita mencobainya dengan aniaya dan siksa, agar kita mengenal kelembutannya serta menguji kesabaran hatinya.
:Hendaklah kita menjatuhkan hukuman mati keji terhadapnya, sebab menurut katanya ia pasti mendapat pertolongan.–[http://www.alkitab.katakombe.net/deuterokanonika/kebijaksanaan-salomo/kebijaksanaan-salomo-2.html Kebijaksanaan 2:12-20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804191739/http://www.alkitab.katakombe.net/deuterokanonika/kebijaksanaan-salomo/kebijaksanaan-salomo-2.html |date=2016-08-04 }}
 
=== Mazmur 2 ===
In its original context, this text from [[Hosea]] referred to the deliverance of the people of Israel from bondage in Egypt.<ref>David A. DeSilva, ''An Introduction to the New Testament'', InterVarsity Press, 2004, page 249.</ref> The Gospel of Matthew applies it to the return from Egypt of Jesus and his family as a messianic prophecy.<ref>[[John H. Sailhamer]], [http://www.etsjets.org/jets/journal/44/44-1/44-1-PP005-024_JETS.pdf The Messiah and the Hebrew Bible], ''[[Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society]]'' 44/1 (March 2001).</ref> “An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, ‘Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there till I tell you; for Herod is about to search for the child to destroy him.’ And he rose and took the child and his mother by night, and departed to Egypt, and remained there until the death of Herod. This was to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet, ‘Out of Egypt have I called my son’” (Matthew 2: 13-15). Conservative scholars argue that this passage fits into the context of Hosea 11.<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/matthew/mt-214-15-how-could-matthew-quote-hosea-as-a-fulfillment-of-jesus-when-hosea-was-referring-to-the-nation-of-israel/</ref>
{{Main|Mazmur 2}}
:"Mengapa rusuh bangsa-bangsa, mengapa suku-suku bangsa mereka-reka perkara yang sia-sia? <sup>2:2</sup>Raja-raja dunia bersiap-siap dan para pembesar bermufakat bersama-sama melawan TUHAN dan '''yang diurapi-Nya''': <sup>2:3</sup>"Marilah kita memutuskan belenggu-belenggu mereka dan membuang tali-tali mereka daripada kita!" <sup>2:4</sup> Dia, yang bersemayam di sorga, tertawa; Tuhan mengolok-olok mereka.<sup>2:5</sup> Maka berkatalah Ia kepada mereka dalam murka-Nya dan mengejutkan mereka dalam kehangatan amarah-Nya: <sup>2:6</sup> "Akulah yang telah melantik raja-Ku di Sion, gunung-Ku yang kudus!" <sup>2:7</sup> Aku mau menceritakan tentang ketetapan TUHAN; Ia berkata kepadaku: "Anak-Ku engkau! Engkau telah Kuperanakkan pada hari ini.<sup>2:8</sup> Mintalah kepada-Ku, maka bangsa-bangsa akan Kuberikan kepadamu menjadi milik pusakamu, dan ujung bumi menjadi kepunyaanmu.<sup>2:9</sup> Engkau akan meremukkan mereka dengan gada besi, memecahkan mereka seperti tembikar tukang periuk." ({{Alkitab|Mazmur 2: 1-9}})
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The dating of [[Psalm 2]] is argued among scholars, but one suggestion is that it was composed under the [[Hasmonean]] dynasty (140-37BC.<ref>Marco Treves [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0042-4935(196501)15%3A1%3C81%3ATAP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 15, Fasc. 1 (Jan., 1965) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref> The authors of Acts and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] interpreted it as relating to Christ.
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* Ayat 2. “yang diurapi” – dalam bahasa Ibrani ''mashiakh'', “diurapi”, "Mesias"; dalam bahasa Yunani ''christos'', "Kristus".
* "Raja-raja dunia dan para pembesar" bermufakat melawan Kristus, yaitu [[Herodes Antipas|Herodes]] dan [[Pontius Pilatus]] yang melawan Yesus, orang yang diurapi Allah, menurut [[Kisah Para Rasul 4|Kisah Para Rasul 4:25-27]].<ref>{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 4:25-27}}</ref>
* Ayat 7. TUHAN adalah bapa dari Mesias.
* {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 13: 33}} menafsirkan [[kebangkitan Yesus]] dari kematian sebagai penggenapan dari ayat 7 (“Anak-Ku engkau! Engkau telah Kuperanakkan pada hari ini.”).
* {{Alkitab|Ibrani 1: 5}} menggunakan ayat 7 untuk menguatkan pendapat bahwa Yesus lebih tinggi dari para malaikat, yaitu paling layak menjadi perantara antara Allah dan manusia. “Karena kepada siapakah di antara malaikat-malaikat itu pernah Ia katakan: "''Anak-Ku Engkau! Engkau telah Kuperanakkan pada hari ini?"''"
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Texts vary in the exact wording of the phrase beginning Psalm 2:12, with "kiss his foot", and "kiss the Son" being most common in various languages for centuries. Strong's shows the widely known word "bar," of apparent [[Chaldea]]n origin but still in common use in Hebrew today as "son," as meaning "heir" or "son." Thus, with this word and the context there is an obvious reverence for royalty which is being portrayed in various manners. The New Testament era translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, gives another variation, literally "accept correction." All of these variations express the same concept- to show reverence and submission to the LORD and his anointed.
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===Isaiah 7:14Mazmur 16 ===
{{Mainmain|IsaiahMazmur 7:1416}}
[[Mazmur 16|Mazmur 16:7-11]]:
In Isaiah 7:14 [[Isaiah|the prophet Isaiah]], addressing king [[Ahaz]] of Judah, promises the king that God will destroy his enemies; as a sign that his oracle is a true one, Isaiah predicts that a "young woman" ("[[almah]]") will shortly give birth to a child whose name will be [[Immanuel]], "God is with us", and that the threat from the enemy kings will be ended before the child grows up.{{sfn|Childs|2001|p=66}} The almah has been identified as either the mother of Hezekiah or a daughter of Isaiah, although there are problems with both candidates.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=988}}
: ''“Aku memuji TUHAN, yang telah memberi nasihat kepadaku,
:: ''ya, pada waktu malam hati nuraniku mengajari aku.''
: ''Aku senantiasa memandang kepada TUHAN;''
:: ''karena Ia berdiri di sebelah kananku, aku tidak goyah.''
: ''Sebab itu hatiku bersukacita dan jiwaku bersorak-sorak,''
:: ''bahkan tubuhku akan diam dengan tenteram;''
: ''sebab Engkau tidak menyerahkan aku ke dunia orang mati,
:: ''dan '''tidak membiarkan Orang Kudus-Mu melihat kebinasaan'''.''
: ''Engkau memberitahukan kepadaku jalan kehidupan;''
:: ''di hadapan-Mu ada sukacita berlimpah-limpah,''
::: ''di tangan kanan-Mu ada nikmat senantiasa.”''<ref>{{Alkitab|Mazmur 16:7-11}}</ref>
Penafsiran [[Mazmur 16]] sebagai nubuat mesianik sudah umum dalam [[:en:hermeneutics|hermeneutika]] [[Kristen]].<ref>Darrell L. Bock [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bock_OTinNT1_BS.pdf Bibliotheca Sacra 142 (July, 1985)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007194543/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bock_OTinNT1_BS.pdf |date=2012-10-07 }}</ref>
 
Dalam kotbahnya pada hari [[Pentakosta]] di [[Yerusalem]] yang dicatat dalam [[Kisah Para Rasul 2|Kisah Para Rasul 2:24-32]], [[Simon Petrus|rasul Petrus]] mengutip ayat-ayat dari [[Mazmur 16]] sebagai nubuat yang digenapi oleh [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] dengan [[kebangkitan Yesus|Kebangkitan-Nya]] yang merupakan kemenangan atas maut/kematian:
The [[gospel of Matthew]] presents Jesus's ministry as largely the fulfilment of prophecies from Isaiah.{{sfn|Barker|2001|p=490}} In the time of Jesus, however, the Jews of Palestine no longer spoke Hebrew, and Isaiah had to be translated into Greek and Aramaic, the two commonly used languages.{{sfn|Barker|2001|p=490}} In the original Hebrew of Isaiah 7:14 the word [[almah]] meant a young woman of childbearing age who had not yet given birth and who might or might not be a virgin, and the Greek translation rendered [[almah]] as ''parthenos'', the Greek word for "virgin".{{sfn|Saldarini|2001|p=1007}} Scholars agree that ''almah'' has nothing to do with virginity, but many conservative American Christians still judge the acceptability of new bible translations by the way they deal with Isaiah 7:14.{{sfn|Rhodes|2003|p=75-82}}{{sfn|Sweeney|1996|p=161}} The virgin birth is found only in the gospels of Matthew and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]; there is no reference to the birth of Jesus in [[Gospel of Mark|Mark's gospel]] or the [[Gospel of John]], which refers to Joseph as Jesus's father, nor in the epistles of Paul, who says that Jesus was "born of a woman" without mentioning that the woman was a virgin.{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|p=96}}
: ''“Allah membangkitkan Dia ([[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]) dengan melepaskan Dia dari sengsara maut, karena tidak mungkin Ia tetap berada dalam kuasa maut itu. Sebab Daud berkata tentang Dia:
::''Aku senantiasa memandang kepada Tuhan,
::: ''karena Ia berdiri di sebelah kananku, aku tidak goyah.''
:: ''Sebab itu hatiku bersukacita dan jiwaku bersorak-sorak,
::: ''bahkan tubuhku akan diam dengan tenteram,
:: ''sebab Engkau tidak menyerahkan aku kepada dunia orang mati,
::: ''dan '''tidak membiarkan Orang Kudus-Mu melihat kebinasaan'''.''
:: ''Engkau memberitahukan kepadaku jalan kehidupan;''
::: ''Engkau akan melimpahi aku dengan sukacita di hadapan-Mu.''
: Saudara-saudara, aku boleh berkata-kata dengan terus terang kepadamu tentang [[Daud]], bapa bangsa kita. Ia telah mati dan dikubur, dan kuburannya masih ada pada kita sampai hari ini. Tetapi ia adalah seorang nabi dan ia tahu, bahwa Allah telah berjanji kepadanya dengan mengangkat sumpah, bahwa Ia akan mendudukkan seorang dari keturunan Daud sendiri di atas takhtanya. Karena itu ia telah melihat ke depan dan telah berbicara tentang kebangkitan Mesias, ketika ia mengatakan, bahwa Dia tidak ditinggalkan di dalam dunia orang mati, dan bahwa daging-Nya tidak mengalami kebinasaan. [[Yesus]] inilah yang dibangkitkan Allah, dan tentang hal itu kami semua adalah saksi.”<ref>{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 2:24-32}}</ref>
 
[[Paulus dari Tarsus|Rasul Paulus]] juga mengutip sebagian ayat ini pada waktu berbicara di sebuah [[sinagoge]] di [[Antiokhia]] ([[Kisah Para Rasul 13|Kisah Para Rasul 13:34-37]]):
===Isaiah 8:23-9:1 (9:1-2)===
" ''“Allah telah membangkitkan Dia ([[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]) dari antara orang mati dan Ia tidak akan diserahkan kembali kepada kebinasaan. Hal itu dinyatakan oleh Tuhan dalam firman ini:
{{refimprove section|date=November 2012}}
:: ''Aku akan menggenapi kepadamu janji-janji yang kudus yang dapat dipercayai, yang telah Kuberikan kepada [[Daud]].''<ref>Dikutip dari [[Yesaya 55#Ayat 3|Yesaya 55:3]]</ref>
: Sebab itu Ia mengatakan dalam [[mazmur]] yang lain:
:: ''Engkau '''tidak akan membiarkan Orang Kudus-Mu melihat kebinasaan'''.''
: ''Sebab [[Daud]] melakukan kehendak Allah pada zamannya, lalu ia mangkat dan dibaringkan di samping nenek moyangnya, dan ia memang diserahkan kepada kebinasaan. Tetapi [[Yesus]], yang dibangkitkan Allah, tidak demikian.”<ref>{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 13:34-37}}</ref>
 
=== Mazmur 22 ===
According to both Jewish and Christian interpretation, the prophet Isaiah was commanded to inform the people of Israel in a prophecy that [[Sennacherib]]'s plunder of the [[Ten Tribes]] was at hand, and that [[Nebuchadnezzar]]'s spoil of [[Jerusalem]], in later years, was coming nearer.<ref name=SET-notesISA8-1>
{{main|Mazmur 22}}
{{See also|Tujuh Perkataan Salib<!--|They have pierced my hands and my feet-->}}
Dua [[kitab Injil]] ({{Alkitab|Matius 27:46}} dan {{Alkitab|Markus 15:34}}) mencatat [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] mengutip kata-kata pada [[Mazmur 22#Ayat 1|ayat 1 mazmur ini]] ketika berada di atas kayu [[salib]];<ref>Mark H. Heinemann [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/19-Psalms/Text/Articles/Heinemann-Ps22-BS.pdf BIBLIOTHECA SACRA 147 (July 1990)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007194551/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/19-Psalms/Text/Articles/Heinemann-Ps22-BS.pdf |date=2012-10-07 }}</ref>
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{{quote|"From the cross, Jesus cried with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”}}
 
The other two canonical Gospels give different accounts of the words of Jesus. Luke 23:46 quotes Psalm 31:5 ("Into your hands I commit my spirit") while John has Jesus say "It is finished" (John 19:30). Some scholars see this as evidence that the words of Jesus were not part of a pre-Gospel [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] narrative, but were added later by the Gospel writers.<ref>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, (Eerdmans, 2000), page 1012.</ref>
 
In most Hebrew manuscripts, such as the [[Masoretic]], Psalm 22:16 (verse 17 in the [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|Hebrew verse numbering]]) reads כארי ידי ורגלי ("like a lion my hands and my feet").<ref>Disciples Study Bible (NIV)</ref> Many Christians translate this as "[[they have pierced my hands and my feet]]", based on the [[Septuagint]] and [[Peshitta|Syriac manuscripts]]. However, the phrase, if translated as "like a lion my hands and my feet" bears no coherent meaning. There remains some [[they have pierced my hands and my feet|controversy]] about this translation. It asserted that the Dead Sea Scrolls lend considerable weight to the translation as "[[They have pierced my hands and my feet]]",<ref>The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, Translated and with commentary by Martin Abegg Jr., Peter Flint and Eugene Ulrich. (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1999</ref> although this view is not uncontested.<ref>Psalm 22:17: circling around the problem again. Kristin M. Swenson. Journal of Biblical Literature. 123.4 (Winter 2004) p640.</ref> Christian apologists argue that this passage refers to Jesus of Nazareth.<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/sample-page-2/?did=14</ref>
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=== Mazmur 34 ===
{{main|Mazmur 34}}
{{quote|"Ia melindungi segala tulangnya, tidak satupun yang patah." ([[Mazmur 34#Ayat 21|Mazmur 34:21]])}}
Ray Pritchard menggambarkan Mazmur 34:21 (diberi penomoran 34:20 dalam Alkitab [[bahasa Inggris]]) sebagai nubuat mesianik,<ref>Ray Pritchard ''What A Christian Believes: An Easy to Read Guide to Understanding'' chapter 3 Crossway Books ISBN 1-58134-016-8</ref> karena dalam catatan [[penyaliban Yesus]], [[Injil Yohanes]] menafsirkan demikian sekaligus memberikan detail penggenapannya pada ({{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:36}}).
{{quote|“Maka datanglah prajurit-prajurit lalu mematahkan kaki orang yang pertama dan kaki orang yang lain yang disalibkan bersama-sama dengan Yesus; tetapi ketika mereka sampai kepada Yesus dan melihat bahwa Ia telah mati, mereka tidak mematahkan kaki-Nya, tetapi seorang dari antara prajurit itu menikam lambung-Nya dengan tombak, dan segera mengalir keluar darah dan air. Dan orang yang melihat hal itu sendiri yang memberikan kesaksian ini dan kesaksiannya benar, dan ia tahu, bahwa ia mengatakan kebenaran, supaya kamu juga percaya. Sebab hal itu terjadi, supaya genaplah yang tertulis dalam Kitab Suci: "Tidak ada tulang-Nya yang akan dipatahkan." Dan ada pula nas yang mengatakan: "Mereka akan memandang kepada Dia yang telah mereka tikam.’” ({{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:32-37}})}}
 
=== Mazmur 69 ===
{{main|Mazmur 69}}
{{quote|"Bahkan, mereka memberi aku makan racun, dan pada waktu aku haus, mereka memberi aku minum anggur asam" ([[Mazmur 69#Ayat 22|Mazmur 69:22]])}}
Orang Kristen percaya bahwa ayat ini merujuk kepada peristiwa [[penyaliban Yesus]] ketika Ia haus dan diberi minuman cuka, sebagaimana dicatat pada [[Matius 27#Ayat 34|Matius 27:34]]; [[Markus 15#Ayat 23|Markus 15:23]], dan [[Yohanes 19#Ayat 29|Yohanes 19:29]].<ref>James Montgomery Boice and Philip Graham Ryken ''The Heart of the Cross'' pg 13 Crossway Books ISBN 1-58134-678-6</ref>
 
=== Mazmur 110 ===
{{main|Mazmur 110}}
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Para penulis [[Kristen]] menafsirkan [[Mazmur 110]] memuat nubuat mesianik karena sejumlah kutipan pada [[Perjanjian Baru]].<ref>Herbert W. Bateman IV [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/19-Psalms/Text/Articles/Bateman-Ps110-BS.pdf 'Psalm 110'.] ''[[Bibliotheca Sacra]]'' '''149''' (Oct. 1992)</ref> Nubuat ini diyakini digenapi dalam [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] orang [[Nazaret]].<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/mt-2241-46-is-psalm-110-a-prophecy-of-jesus/</ref>
 
“Mazmur Daud.
 
:1. Demikianlah firman TUHAN kepada tuanku: "Duduklah di sebelah kanan-Ku, sampai Kubuat musuh-musuhmu menjadi tumpuan kakimu."
 
:2. Tongkat kekuatanmu akan diulurkan TUHAN dari Sion: memerintahlah di antara musuhmu!
 
:3. Pada hari tentaramu bangsamu merelakan diri untuk maju dengan berhiaskan kekudusan; dari kandungan fajar tampil bagimu keremajaanmu seperti embun.
 
:4. TUHAN telah bersumpah, dan Ia tidak akan menyesal: "Engkau adalah imam untuk selama-lamanya, menurut [[Melkisedek]]."
 
:5. TUHAN ada di sebelah kananmu; Ia meremukkan raja-raja pada hari murka-Nya,
 
:6. Ia menghukum bangsa-bangsa, sehingga mayat-mayat bergelimpangan; Ia meremukkan orang-orang yang menjadi kepala di negeri luas.
 
:7. Dari sungai di tepi jalan ia minum, oleh sebab itu ia mengangkat kepala.”<ref>{{Alkitab|Mazmur 110}}</ref>
Pada ayat 1. Allah berbicara kepada Daud. Sebutan pertama "TUHAN" (bahasa Ibrani: YHWH)" merupakan terjemahan dari nama Allah Israel, sedangkan sebutan kedua "tuan(ku)" (bahasa Ibrani: ADONI; dibaca "adonai") sebenarnya merujuk kepada Mesias. Sejumlah sarjana menganggapnya merujuk kepada Daud, dari sudut pandang penulis mazmur ini, karena frasa pertama itu dapat diterjemahkan secara harfiah sebagai "Mengenai Daud, sebuah mazmur", menunjukkan bahwa mazmur itu dapat "mengenai" atau "tentang" raja [[Daud]], bukan "ditulis oleh" Daud. Pembuka yang serupa digunakan pada terjemahan [[bahasa Yunani]] kuno, [[Septuaginta]] ([[LXX]]), sebagai "τω δαυιδ ψαλμος" (mazmur ini diberi nomor 109 pada Septuaginta).<ref>[http://bibledatabase.net/html/septuagint/19_109.htm Online Greek OT (Septuagint/LXX) UTF8 Bible. Psalms Chapter 109:1-7]</ref>
 
Dalam [[Perjanjian Baru]], para penulis Injil tidak mengutip frasa pembuka, melainkan langsung pada isinya sebagai nubuat mesianik. [[Injil Matius]] ([[Matius 22|22:41-46]]) mencatat:
 
: “Ketika orang-orang Farisi sedang berkumpul, [[Yesus]] bertanya kepada mereka, kata-Nya:
 
::"<span style="color:green;">Apakah pendapatmu tentang Mesias? Anak siapakah Dia?</span>"
 
: Kata mereka kepada-Nya: "Anak Daud." 22:43 Kata-Nya kepada mereka:
 
:: "<span style="color:green;">Jika demikian, bagaimanakah Daud oleh pimpinan Roh dapat menyebut Dia Tuannya, ketika ia berkata:</span>
 
::: <span style="color:green;">Tuhan telah berfirman kepada Tuanku: duduklah di sebelah kanan-Ku, sampai musuh-musuh-Mu Kutaruh di bawah kaki-Mu.</span>
 
:: <span style="color:green;">Jadi jika Daud menyebut Dia Tuannya, bagaimana mungkin Ia anaknya pula?</span>"
 
: Tidak ada seorangpun yang dapat menjawab-Nya, dan sejak hari itu tidak ada seorangpun juga yang berani menanyakan sesuatu kepada-Nya.”<ref>{{Alkitab|Matius 22: 41-46}}</ref>.
Bagian selanjutnya dari ayat ini menyatakan bahwa Mesias akan didudukkan di sebelah kanan Allah, sampai seluruh musuh-musuh-Nya dikalahkan. Meskipun tidak ada "[[huruf besar]]" dalam bahasa Ibrani, jelas bahwa kata "tuan" bukanlah mengenai Allah, tetapi Mesias.<ref>[http://www.outreachjudaism.org/psalm110.html Outreach Judaism - responds directly to the issues raised by missionaries and cults. Responds to Jews For Jesus]</ref>
 
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"A royal psalm(see Ps.2 intro). It is quite difficult because v.3 is totally obscure, and the psalm speakers often. In Christian interpretation, it is understood as a reference to Jesus, as a messianic and sometimes eschatological psalm; Radak polemicizes against this view"
1. Here God is speaking to the king, called my ''lord''; Perhaps these are the words spoken by a prophet. The king is very proximate to God, in a position of privilege, imagined as being on His ''right hand'' in the [[Divine Council]]. The second-in-command was seated to the right of the king in the ancient Near East. Such images are rare in psalms, but see Ps45:7. If the king trods on the back of his enemies (see Josh. 10:24), they poetically become his "Footstool" 2. In contrast to v.1, God is spoken of in the third person. The Zion tradition (see Isa. 2:1-4; 60:1-22) and royal tradition are here connected. While v.1-2 express the great power of the king, they also emphasize it comes from God" (YHWH).<ref>The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publications Society Tanakh Translation Oxford University Press / 2004</ref>
-->
 
=== 2 Samuel 7:14 ===
{{main|2 Samuel 7}}
:"Aku akan menjadi Bapanya, dan ia akan menjadi anak-Ku. Apabila ia melakukan kesalahan, maka Aku akan menghukum dia dengan rotan yang dipakai orang dan dengan pukulan yang diberikan anak-anak manusia."<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Samuel 7:14}}</ref>
 
{{Alkitab|Ibrani 1:5}} mengutip sebagian ayat ini: "Aku akan menjadi Bapanya, dan ia akan menjadi anak-Ku". Namun, ayat ini tidak berakhir di sana, melainkan pada [[2 Samuel 7]] dilanjutkan dengan: "Apabila ia melakukan kesalahan, maka Aku akan menghukum dia dengan rotan yang dipakai orang dan dengan pukulan yang diberikan anak-anak manusia." Orang Kristen memandang Yesus sebagai penanggung kesalahan seluruh umat manusia. Karenanya, Yesus "melakukan kesalahan" (dibuat menjadi "bersalah") dengan menanggung semua dosa dunia.<ref>2 Cor. 5:21, 1 Peter 2:21-22</ref> Ayat Perjanjian Lama merujuk kepada raja [[Salomo]].<ref name="jewsforjudaism">[http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/pdf/EnglishHandbook.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529001843/http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/pdf/EnglishHandbook.pdf |date=2008-05-29 }} English Handbook Page 34</ref><ref>1 Chronicles 22:9-10</ref> Dengan rujukan kepada Salomo ini, orang Kristen berpendapat bahwa Salomo dapat dilihat sebagai model nubuat untuk Yesus.
 
=== Ulangan 18:15 ===
{{main|Ulangan 18}}
: [Musa berkata:] "Seorang nabi dari tengah-tengahmu, dari antara saudara-saudaramu, sama seperti aku, akan dibangkitkan bagimu oleh TUHAN, Allahmu; dialah yang harus kamu dengarkan."<ref>{{Alkitab|Ulangan 18:15}}</ref>
[[Ulangan 18]] memuat salah satu nubuat paling awal yang menyatakan tentang seorang nabi yang akan dibangkitkan di antara umat Israel.
: [Allah berkata:] "...<sup>18</sup>seorang nabi akan Kubangkitkan bagi mereka dari antara saudara mereka, seperti engkau ini; Aku akan menaruh firman-Ku dalam mulutnya, dan ia akan mengatakan kepada mereka segala yang Kuperintahkan kepadanya."<ref>{{Alkitab|Ulangan 18:18}}</ref>
Sejumlah orang Kristen dari aliran [[Evangelikalisme]] menyatakan bahwa pada abad pertama Masehi, orang Yahudi menantikan seorang nabi yang terakhir.<ref>[[ESV Study Bible]] (komentari mengenai Ulangan 18.15-19)</ref> Nabi itu akan muncul dari "tengah-tengah" bangsa Israel, yaitu dari keturunan orang-orang yang mendengarkan perkataan Musa itu, dan seperti Musa dengan kemampuan mujizatnya serta menyampaikan Firman Allah secara langsung kepada orang Israel pada waktu yang telah ditentukan Allah. [[Injil Yohanes]] mencatat bahwa orang-orang Yahudi pada zaman Yesus bertanya kepada [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] apakah Yohanes adalah nabi yang digambarkan dalam ayat ini ({{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:19-22}}), dan ia menyangkalnya. Dalam {{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 3:18-22}}, [[Simon Petrus|Petrus]] menyatakan bahwa Yesus adalah penggenapan janji ini.<ref>Lihat Kotbah Petrus pada [[Kisah Para Rasul 3]]</ref>
 
=== Yehezkiel 37:26-27 ===
 
{{main|Yehezkiel 37}}
:"<sup>26</sup>Aku akan mengadakan perjanjian damai dengan mereka, dan itu akan menjadi perjanjian yang kekal dengan mereka. Aku akan memberkati mereka dan membuat mereka banyak dan memberikan tempat kudus-Ku di tengah-tengah mereka untuk selama-lamanya.<sup>27</sup><u>Tempat kediaman</u>-Kupun akan ada pada mereka dan Aku akan menjadi Allah mereka dan mereka akan menjadi umat-Ku."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yehezkiel 37:26-27}}</ref>
"Tempat kediaman" ({{lang-he|mishkan}}) mengenang akan [[kemah suci]] (tabernakel) di padang gurun. "Tempat kudus" ({{lang-he|miqdash}}; {{lang-en|Sanctuary}}) menunjuk kepada Bait Suci, khususnya kepada Bait Suci yang diperbarui, yang menguasai perhatian Yehezkiel pada pasal-pasal akhir [[Yehezkiel 40|40]][[Yehezkiel 48|-48]].
 
Orang Kristen yakin bahwa Bait Suci Yehezkiel lebih mulia dari Kemah Suci Musa ([[Keluaran 25]][[Keluaran 40|-40]]) dan Bait Suci Salomo ([[1 Raja-raja 5]][[1 Raja-raja 8|-8]]), menunjuk kepada sejumlah keyakinan:
* (1) Kemuliaan di mana Allah tinggal di antara manusia dalam Mesias ({{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:14}} ''Firman itu telah menjadi manusia, dan diam di antara kita, dan kita telah melihat kemuliaan-Nya ({{lang-he|Sh'khinah}}), yaitu kemuliaan yang diberikan kepada-Nya sebagai Anak Tunggal Bapa, penuh kasih karunia dan kebenaran.'';<ref>{{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:14}}</ref>
* (2) Tubuh Mesias adalah Bait Suci ({{Alkitab|Yohanes 2:19-21}} '' Jawab Yesus kepada mereka: "Rombak Bait Allah ini, dan dalam tiga hari Aku akan mendirikannya kembali." Lalu kata orang Yahudi kepada-Nya: "46 tahun orang mendirikan Bait Allah ini dan Engkau dapat membangunnya dalam 3 hari?" Tetapi yang dimaksudkan-Nya dengan Bait Allah ialah tubuh-Nya sendiri.'';
* (3) komunitas mesianik sebagai Bait Suci ({{Alkitab|1 Korintus 3:16}} ''Tidak tahukah kamu, bahwa kamu adalah bait Allah dan bahwa Roh Allah diam di dalam kamu?'', {{Alkitab|Efesus 2:20-22}} ''Kamu ... dibangun di atas dasar para rasul dan para nabi, dengan Kristus Yesus sebagai batu penjuru. Di dalam Dia tumbuh seluruh bangunan, rapih tersusun, menjadi bait Allah yang kudus, di dalam Tuhan. Di dalam Dia kamu juga turut dibangunkan menjadi tempat kediaman Allah, di dalam Roh.'', {{Alkitab|1 Petrus 2:5}} ''Dan biarlah kamu juga dipergunakan sebagai batu hidup untuk pembangunan suatu rumah rohani, bagi suatu imamat kudus, untuk mempersembahkan persembahan rohani yang karena Yesus Kristus berkenan kepada Allah.'';
* (4) tubuh setiap orang percaya ({{Alkitab|1 Korintus 6:19}} ''Atau tidak tahukah kamu, bahwa tubuhmu adalah bait Roh Kudus yang diam di dalam kamu, Roh Kudus yang kamu peroleh dari Allah, --dan bahwa kamu bukan milik kamu sendiri?'';
* (5) Yerusalem sorgawi ({{Alkitab|Wahyu 21:9-27; Wahyu 22:1-5}})<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
 
Orang Kristen mengutip ayat tersebut sebagai nubuat mengenai kehidupan, status dan peninggalan Yesus, sedangkan orang Yahudi berpendapat bahwa ayat tersebut bukanlah nubuat mesianik dan didasarkan atas kesalahan penafsiran atau paham atas teks Ibrani. Yudaisme berpegang bahwa Mesias belum datang karena berkeyakinan bahwa Zaman Mesianik belum dimulai. Orang Yahudi percaya bahwa Mesias akan mengubah total kehidupan di dunia dan bahwa kesakitan dan penderitaan akan diatasi, sehingga memulai [[Kerajaan Allah]] dan Zaman Mesianik di bumi. Kepercayaan Kristen berbeda-beda, di mana satu segmen berpegang bahwa Kerajaan Allah tidaklah bersifat duniawi sama sekali, sedangkan yang lain percaya bahwa Kerajaan itu bersifat rohani dan juga terjadi di dunia ini dalam suatu Zaman Mesianik di mana Yesus akan memerintah di atas tahta Daud. Kebanyakan orang Yahudi berpegang bahwa Kerajaan Allah akan berada di dunia dan sang Mesias akan menguasai tahta Daud. Orang Yahudi berpegang bahwa kehidupan di dunia tidak berubah banyak setelah kehidupan Kristus sehingga Kristus tidak bisa dianggap Mesias. Orang Kristen (terutama kaum Evangelikal) percaya bahwa hal itu terjadi pada keduanya, baik rohani maupun saat ini, secara jasmani dan nyata pada kedatangan sang Mesias.<ref>[http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/jewsandjesus#1 Why Don't Jews Believe In Jesus | The difference between Judaism and Christianity]</ref>
 
=== Yeremia 31:15 ===
{{main|Yeremia 31}}
:''"Beginilah firman TUHAN: Dengar! Di Rama terdengar ratapan, tangisan yang pahit pedih: Rahel menangisi anak-anaknya, ia tidak mau dihibur karena anak-anaknya, sebab mereka tidak ada lagi."''<ref>{{Alkitab|Yeremia 31:15}}</ref>
 
{{Alkitab|Matius 2:17-18}} menyatakan bahwa pembunuhan anak-anak yang tidak bersalah oleh raja Herodes sebagai penggenapan sebuah nubuat yang dituturkan oleh nabi Yeremia pada ayat di atas:
: Dengan demikian genaplah firman yang disampaikan oleh nabi Yeremia:
: "Terdengarlah suara di Rama, tangis dan ratap yang amat sedih;
: Rahel menangisi anak-anaknya dan ia tidak mau dihibur,
: sebab mereka tidak ada lagi."
Pada Yeremia 31:15, frasa "sebab anak-anaknya tidak ada lagi" merujuk kepada pembuangan anak-anak [[Rahel]] (suku Manasye dan suku Efraim, yaitu keturunan Yusuf putra Rahel, juga suku Benyamin) ke [[Asyur]]. Ayat-ayat selanjutnya menggambarkan kembalinya mereka ke Israel.<ref>{{Alkitab|Yeremia 31:16-17, 23}}</ref>
 
=== Yesaya 7:14 ===
{{Main|Yesaya 7:14}}
:"Sebab itu Tuhan sendirilah yang akan memberikan kepadamu suatu pertanda: Sesungguhnya, seorang perempuan muda mengandung dan akan melahirkan seorang anak laki-laki, dan ia akan menamakan Dia Imanuel."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yesaya 7:14}}</ref>
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In Isaiah 7:14 [[Isaiah|the prophet Isaiah]], addressing king [[Ahaz]] of Judah, promises the king that God will destroy his enemies; as a sign that his oracle is a true one, Isaiah predicts that a "young woman" ("[[almah]]") will shortly give birth to a child whose name will be [[Immanuel]], "God is with us", and that the threat from the enemy kings will be ended before the child grows up.{{sfn|Childs|2001|p=66}} The almah has been identified as either the mother of Hezekiah or a daughter of Isaiah, although there are problems with both candidates.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=988}}-->
 
[[Injil Matius]] menampilkan pelayanan Yesus secara umum sebagai penggenapan nubuat Yesaya.{{sfn|Barker|2001|p=490}} Pada zaman Yesus, orang Yahudi Palestina kebanyakan tidak menggunakan bahasa Ibrani, dan [[kitab Yesaya]] harus diterjemahkan ke dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] dan [[bahasa Aram]], yang paling populer dipakai.{{sfn|Barker|2001|p=490}} Dalam bahasa Ibrani aslinya, kata "almah" (perempuan muda) dalam Yesaya 7:14, dipakai untuk gadis yang sudah masuk usia untuk dapat melahirkan anak, tetapi belum pernah melahirkan dan dapat berstatus perawan atau tidak. Terjamahan bahasa Yunani "''parthenos''" bermakna "perawan".{{sfn|Saldarini|2001|p=1007}} Kebanyakan sarjana setuju bahwa kata "''almah''" tidak dikaitkan dengan keperawanana, tetapi banyak tokoh Kristen konservatif menimbang dapat diterimanya terjemahan Alkitab baru bahasa Inggris berdasarkan terjemahan kata "perawan" ("''virgin''") pada Yesaya 7:14.{{sfn|Rhodes|2003|p=75-82}}{{sfn|Sweeney|1996|p=161}} [[Kelahiran Yesus]] dari seorang perawan hanya dicatat dalam [[Injil Matius]] dan [[Injil Lukas]], sedangkan [[Injil Markus]] dan [[Injil Yohanes]] tidak memuat kisah kelahiran, selain hanya menyebut [[Santo Yusuf|Yusuf]] sebagai ayah Yesus. Kisah kelahiran dari perawan juga tidak disebut dalam [[surat-surat Paulus]], yang hanya menyebut Yesus "lahir dari seorang perempuan" tanpa menyebut apakah perempuan itu perawan.{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|p=96}}
 
=== Yesaya 9:1-2 ===
 
{{main|Yesaya 9}}
:"Tetapi tidak selamanya akan ada kesuraman untuk negeri yang terimpit itu. Kalau dahulu TUHAN merendahkan tanah Zebulon dan tanah Naftali, maka di kemudian hari Ia akan memuliakan jalan ke laut, daerah seberang sungai Yordan, wilayah bangsa-bangsa lain.<sup>2</sup>Bangsa yang berjalan di dalam kegelapan telah melihat terang yang besar; mereka yang diam di negeri kekelaman, atasnya terang telah bersinar."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yesaya 9:1-2}}</ref>
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Menurut tafsiran Yahudi dan Kristen, nabi [[Yesaya]] diperintahkan untuk menyampaikankan suatu nubuat kepada orang Yahudi bahwa waktu penjarahan [[Sanherib]] terhadap sepuluh suku Israel ([[Kerajaan Israel Utara]]) sudah dekat, dan bahwa penjarahan [[Nebukadnezar]] terhadap [[Yerusalem]] di kemudian hari, juga akan segera datang.<ref name=SET-notesISA8-1>
{{cite book
|last=Scherman
Baris 70 ⟶ 332:
|publisher=Mesorah Publications|location=Brooklyn, N.Y.
|isbn=1578191092|pages=966|edition=1st student size ed., Stone ed.}}
</ref>
 
::<sup>1</sup>“For there is no weariness to the one who oppresses her;
Baris 90 ⟶ 352:
 
After this prophetic address to the people of Israel, Isaiah interrupts his prophecy and speaks to God. According to [[Rashi#Commentary_on_the_Tanakh|Jewish tradition]], the salvation of which he speaks is the miraculous end of Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem (see Isaiah 36 and 37) in the days of the ''[[Prince of Peace]]'', King [[Hezekiah]], a child of King [[Ahaz]].
-->
 
ThePenafsiran interpretationYesaya of {{bibleref|ISA|9:1-2|NKJV}} bymenurut the[[Injil GospelMatius]] authormendorong ofpenulis-penulis MatthewKristen hasuntuk ledmelihatnya Christiandalam authors to hint at itskonteks [[Christology|messianic applicationsKristologi]] mesianik.<ref>J. M. Powis Smith [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1062-0516(192407)40%3A4%3C252%3AIATF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4 American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Jul., 1924)]</ref><!--
:<sup>2</sup>“The“Bangsa peopleyang walkingberjalan indi darknessdalam havekegelapan seentelah amelihat greatterang lightyang besar;
:&nbsp;&nbsp;Uponmereka thoseyang livingdiam indi thenegeri landkekelaman, ofatasnya deepterang darknesstelah a light has dawnedbersinar.” [(9:1)<ref name=bibgatenote/>&nbsp;{{bibleref|ISA|9:2|NIV}}]
-->
 
Ayat-ayat ini dirujuk karena [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] memulai tahun pertama pelayanannya di [[Galilea]], sebagaimana dicatat pada [[Matius 4|Matius pasal 4:12-16]]:
[[Gospel of Matthew#Authorship|Matthew]] refers to this, since Jesus began his one to three years of [[Ministry_of_Jesus#Ministry_in_Galilee|ministry]] in Galilee:
:<sup>12</sup> “Now“Tetapi whenwaktu JesusYesus heardmendengar, thatbahwa John[[Yohanes had been putPembaptis|Yohanes]] intelah prisonditangkap, Hemenyingkirlah departedIa toke [[GalileeGalilea]]. <sup>13</sup>Ia And leavingmeninggalkan [[NazarethNazaret]], He came anddan dweltdiam indi [[CapernaumKapernaum]], whichdi istepi by the seadanau, indi thedaerah regions[[Suku ofZebulon|Zebulon]] Zebulundan and[[Suku NaphtaliNaftali|Naftali]], <sup>14</sup>supaya thatgenaplah itfirman mightyang bedisampaikan fulfilledoleh whichnabi was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying[[Yesaya]]:
::<sup>15</sup> "TheTanah landZebulon ofdan Zebuluntanah andNaftali, thejalan landke of Naphtalilaut, Bydaerah theseberang waysungai ofYordan, the seaGalilea, beyondwilayah thebangsa-bangsa Jordanlain, Galilee of the Gentiles:-- <sup>16</sup> Thebangsa peopleyang whodiam satdalam inkegelapan, darknesstelah havemelihat seenTerang ayang greatbesar light,dan Andbagi uponmereka thoseyang whodiam satdi innegeri theyang regiondinaungi and shadow of deathmaut, Lighttelah hasterbit dawnedTerang."” <ref>{{bibleref|MATAlkitab|Matius 4:12-16|NKJV}}.</ref>
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In Isaiah, this prophecy describes how [[Assyria]]n invaders from the east are increasingly aggressive as they progress westwards toward the sea, the coastline of the [[levante]], while [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 4:14-16 has re-interpreted the description as a prophecy stating that Jesus, the new [[Prince of Peace]], would progress (without any hint of becoming more aggressive) toward Galilee. While Matthew loosely plagiarizes a Greek [[Septuagint]] interpretation of scripture (Isaiah 8:23-9:1-2),<ref name=bibgatenote/> in the [[Masoretic text]] it reads totally different and refers to the 'region of the [[goyim|nations]]'.<ref name=SET-notesISA8-23/>
-->
 
===Isaiah 9:5Yesaya (9:5,6) ===
{{main|Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom}}
:"Sebab seorang anak telah lahir untuk kita, seorang putera telah diberikan untuk kita; lambang pemerintahan ada di atas bahunya, dan namanya disebutkan orang: Penasihat Ajaib, Allah yang Perkasa, Bapa yang Kekal, Raja Damai."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yesaya 9:6}}</ref>
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Some Christians believe that this verse refers to the birth of Jesus as [[Christos|the Messiah]]. The verse reads in Christian bible versions:
{{quote|"6. For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us;
And the government will rest on His shoulders;
And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God,
The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."|{{bibleverse||Isaiah|9:6|kjv}}}}
 
In Jewish translations of the [[Hebrew Bible]] the verse reads differently and the [[chapters and verses of the Bible|verse numbering]] is different (9:6 in the Christian Old Testament is numbered 9:5 in Hebrew Bible versions):
Baris 120 ⟶ 382:
|pages=968
|edition=1st student size ed., Stone ed.}}"This wondrus salvation took place in the days of the child of [[Ahaz]], the righteous King [[Hezekiah]], whom God - the Wondrous Adviser, Mighty God, Eternal Father - called 'Prince of Peace.'"
</ref>|{{bibleverse||Isaiah|9:5|JPR}}}}
 
This long name is the [[throne name]] of the royal child. Semitic names often consist of sentences that describe God; thus the name [[Isaiah]] in Hebrew means "Yahweh saves"; [[Hezekiah]], "Yahweh strengthens"; in [[Akkadian]], the name of the Babylonian king M'rodakh-Bal'adan ([http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/isaiah/39-1.html 39:1]) means "[[Marduk]] has provided an heir." These names do not describe that person who holds them but the god whom the parents worship.<ref>The Jewish Study Bible (Oxford Press); commentary on Isaiah 9.5</ref>
 
This verse is expressly applied to the Messiah in the [[Targum]].<ref>Alfred Edersheim The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah 1883 "and there is a very curious comment in Debarim R. 1 (ed. Warsh., p.&nbsp;4a) in connection with a Haggadic discussion of Genesis 43:14, which, however fanciful, makes a Messianic application of this passage - also in Bemidbar R. 11." [http://philologos.org/__eb-lat/appen09.htm Philologos | The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah | Appendix 9]</ref>
-->
 
===Isaiah Yesaya 11:12 ===
{{quote|"And he shall set up a banner for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth." {{bibleverse||Isaiah|11:12|NASB}}}}
 
{{Main|Yesaya 11}}
Some commentators view this as an unfulfilled prophecy, arguing that the Jewish people have not all been gathered in Israel.<ref name="JewsJudaism">[[Jews for Judaism]]: [http://jewsforjudaism.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=374&Itemid=234 Messiah: The Criteria]</ref> Some Christians refer to the foundation of the State of Israel as fulfillment of this prophecy.<ref>Farzana Hassan, ''Prophecy and the Fundamentalist Quest: An Integrative Study of Christian and Muslim Apocalyptic Religion'' (McFarland, 2008), page 26-27.</ref> Others argue that the fulfillment is that Jesus as Messiah brings all nations to himself (cf. 11:10 "Nations will seek his counsel / And his abode will be honored.") citing John 12:32 ("And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.") and Paul in Romans 15:12 when he quotes Isaiah 11:10, emphasizing the inclusion of the [[gentiles]] into the people of God.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[ESV Study Bible]]; "History of Salvation in the OT"</ref>
:"Ia akan menaikkan suatu panji-panji bagi bangsa-bangsa, akan mengumpulkan orang-orang Israel yang terbuang, dan akan menghimpunkan orang-orang Yehuda yang terserak dari keempat penjuru bumi."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yesaya 11:12}}</ref>
 
Sejumlah komentator [[Yudaisme]] memandang ayat ini sebagai nubuat yang tidak tergenapi, berargumen bahwa orang Yahudi belum semuanya dikumpulkan di Israel.<ref name="JewsJudaism">[[Jews for Judaism]]: [http://jewsforjudaism.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=374&Itemid=234 Messiah: The Criteria]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sejumlah orang Kristen merujuk kepada pendirian Negara Israel sebagai penggenapan nubuat ini.<ref>Farzana Hassan, ''Prophecy and the Fundamentalist Quest: An Integrative Study of Christian and Muslim Apocalyptic Religion'' (McFarland, 2008), page 26-27.</ref> Yang lain berpendapat bahwa penggenapannya adalah Yesus sebagai Mesias membawa semua bangsa kepada-Nya (bandingkan 11:10 "Bangsa-bangsa akan mencari nasihatnya / Dan tempat tinggalnya akan dihormati.") mengutip Yohanes 12:32 ("Dan Aku, jika Aku ditinggikan dari bumi, akan menarik semua orang datang kepada-Ku.") dan Paulus dalam {{Alkitab|Roma 15:12}} ketika mengutip {{Alkitab|Yesaya 11:10}}, menekankan masuknya orang bukan Yahudi kepada umat Allah.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[ESV Study Bible]]; "History of Salvation in the OT"</ref>
Some Christians also believe that Isaiah 2:2 is to be understood in connection with Isaiah 11:10,12.
{{quote|"In the days to come, The Mount of the Lord’s house Shall stand firm above the mountains And tower above the hills; And all the nations Shall gaze on it with joy." {{bibleverse||Isaiah|2:2|NASB}}}}
 
Sejumlah orang Kristen juga percaya bahwa [[Yesaya 2#Ayat 2|Yesaya 2:2]] harus dipahami dalam kaitan dengan Yesaya 11:10,12.
{{quote|"Akan terjadi pada hari-hari yang terakhir: gunung tempat rumah TUHAN akan berdiri tegak di hulu gunung-gunung dan menjulang tinggi di atas bukit-bukit; segala bangsa akan berduyun-duyun ke sana," {{Alkitab|Yesaya 2:2}}}}
<!--
Some Christians believe that Jesus the Messiah is the ultimate "house" or dwelling place of God, as is told in John 1:14 ("And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory") and 2:19-21 ("Jesus answered them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” The Jews then said, “It has taken forty-six years to build this temple, and will you raise it up in three days?” But he was speaking about the temple of his body."). Through him the messianic community becomes a temple in 1 Corinthians 3:16 ("Do you not know that you all are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you?"') and Ephesians 2:20-22 ("...built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, the Messiah Jesus himself being the cornerstone, in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord. In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit."). It is through the Messiah's exaltation all nations are drawn to him, as in Luke 24:47 ("...and that repentance and forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem.").<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
-->
 
===Isaiah Yesaya 53:5 ===
{{Main|IsaiahYesaya 53}}
:"Tetapi dia tertikam oleh karena pemberontakan kita, dia diremukkan oleh karena kejahatan kita; ganjaran yang mendatangkan keselamatan bagi kita ditimpakan kepadanya, dan oleh bilur-bilurnya kita menjadi sembuh."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yesaya 53:5}}</ref>
Isaiah 53 is probably the most famous example claimed by Christians to be a messianic prophecy fulfilled by Jesus. It speaks of one known as the "suffering servant," who suffers because of the sins of others. Jesus is said to fulfill this prophecy through his death on the cross.<ref>George Dahl [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9231(193803)57%3A1%3C1%3ATMEITP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 57, No. 1 (Mar., 1938) ''requires subscription for full content'']</ref> The following verse from Isaiah 53:5 is understood by many Christians to speak of Jesus as the Messiah:
[[Yesaya 53]] mungkin merupakan contoh yang paling terkenal dari klaim orang Kristen sebagai nubuat mesianik yang digenapi oleh Yesus. Nas ini mengisahkan seorang tokoh yang dikenal sebagai "hamba yang menderita", yang menanggung hukuman dosa orang lain. Yesus dikatakan menggenapi nubuat ini melalui [[kematian Yesus|kematian-Nya di atas kayu salib]].<ref>George Dahl [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9231(193803)57%3A1%3C1%3ATMEITP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 57, No. 1 (Mar., 1938) ''requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
 
{{quote|"But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him, and with his stripes we are healed." {{bibleverse||Isaiah|53:5|KJV}} ([[King James Version]])}}
 
Salah satu rujukan pertama dalam [[Perjanjian Baru]] bahwa [[Yesaya 53]] merupakan [[nubuat]] mengenai [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] dicatat dalam [[Kisah Para Rasul]], dalam bagian yang menceritakan bagaimana [[Filipus (diaken)|Filipus]] diperintahkan oleh Allah untuk mendekati seorang sida-sida [[Etiopia]] yang sedang duduk dalam kereta kudanya, membaca keras-keras dari [[Kitab Yesaya]]. Filipus segera ke situ dan mendengar sida-sida itu sedang membaca kitab nabi Yesaya. Kata Filipus: "Mengertikah tuan apa yang tuan baca itu?" Jawab sida-sida itu: "Bagaimanakah aku dapat mengerti, kalau tidak ada yang membimbing aku?" Lalu ia meminta Filipus naik dan duduk di sampingnya. Maka kata sida-sida itu kepada Filipus: "Aku bertanya kepadamu, tentang siapakah nabi berkata demikian? Tentang dirinya sendiri atau tentang orang lain?" Maka mulailah Filipus berbicara dan bertolak dari nas itu ia memberitakan Injil Yesus kepadanya. Mereka melanjutkan perjalanan mereka, dan tiba di suatu tempat yang ada air. Lalu kata sida-sida itu: "Lihat, di situ ada air; apakah halangannya, jika aku dibaptis?" Sahut Filipus: "Jika tuan percaya dengan segenap hati, boleh." Jawabnya: "Aku percaya, bahwa Yesus Kristus adalah Anak Allah." Lalu orang Etiopia itu menyuruh menghentikan kereta itu, dan keduanya turun ke dalam air, baik Filipus maupun sida-sida itu, dan Filipus membaptis dia. Dan setelah mereka keluar dari air, Roh Tuhan tiba-tiba melarikan Filipus dan sida-sida itu tidak melihatnya lagi. Ia meneruskan perjalanannya dengan sukacita.<ref>{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 8:26-39}}</ref>
{{quote|"But he was pained because of our transgressions, crushed because of our iniquities; the chastisement of our welfare was upon him, and with his wound we were healed." {{bibleverse||Isaiah|53:5|JPR}} ([[Jewish Publication Society|JPS]] The [[Judaica Press]] [[Tanach]] with [[Rashi]]'s commentary}}
 
ModernSejumlah scholars,sarjana likeYahudi seperti [[Rabbi]] [[Tovia Singer]]<ref name=RTSingerSufferingServant>{{cite web
|last=Singer
|first=Tovia
Baris 152 ⟶ 417:
|publisher=Tovia Singer
|accessdate=2 January 2013}}"The well-worn claim frequently advanced by Christian apologists who argue that the noted Jewish commentator, Rashi (1040 CE – 1105 CE), was the first to identify the suffering servant of Isaiah 53 with the nation of Israel is inaccurate and misleading. In fact, Origen, a prominent and influential church father, conceded in the year 248 CE – eight centuries before Rashi was born – that the consensus among the Jews in his time was that Isaiah 53 “bore reference to the whole [Jewish] people, regarded as one individual, and as being in a state of dispersion and suffering, in order that many proselytes might be gained, on account of the dispersion of the Jews among numerous heathen nations.”( Origen, Contra Celsum, Chadwick, Henry; Cambridge Press, book 1, chapter 55, page 50) The broad consensus among Jewish, and even some Christian commentators, that the “servant” in Isaiah 52-53 refers to the nation of Israel is understandable. Isaiah 53, which is the fourth of four renowned Servant Songs, is umbilically connected to its preceding chapters. The “servant” in each of the three previous Servant Songs is plainly and repeatedly identified as the nation of Israel."
</ref> as well assebagaimana [[Rashi]] (1040–1105) and<!--dan tokoh Kristen [[Origen]] (184/185 – 253/254 CE),<ref name=RTSingerSufferingServant/>--> view thememandang 'suffering[[hamba servantyang menderita]]' assebagai arujukan referencekepada toseluruh theorang whole Jewish peopleYahudi, regardedyang dianggap assebagai onesatu individualorang,<ref>Joel E. Rembaum [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0017-8160(198207)75%3A3%3C289%3ATDOAJE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O Harvard Theological Review Vol. 75, No. 3 (Jul., 1982) ''requires subscription for full content'']</ref> anddan moresecara specificallykhusus tomengenai theorang JewishYahudi peopleyang diangkut dalam [[Babylonianpembuangan captivity|deportedke to BabylonBabel]].<ref>Peter Stuhlmacher, "Jesus' Readiness to Suffer and His Understanding of His Death", in James D. G. Dunn, Scot McKnight (editors), The historical Jesus in recent research (Eisenbrauns, 2005), page 397.</ref> HoweverNamun, indalam [[:en:aggadic midrash|Midrash Haggada]] on themengenai [[:en:Midrash Shmuel (aggadah)|books ofKitab-kitab Samuel]], aberupa compendiumkumpulan ofcerita-cerita rabbinic folklorerabbinik, historicalanekdot anecdotessejarah anddan ajaran moral exhortations, {{bibleref|Isa[[Yesaya 53#Ayat 5|Yesaya 53:5|JPR}}]] ditafsirkan sebagai isnubuat messianicallymengenai interpretedMesias.<ref>ed. Lemberg, p. 45a, last line</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2011}}
 
"[[Hamba yang menderita]]",<ref name=TSinger-53WhoIsGodsSufferingServant>{{cite web
One of the first claims in the [[New Testament]] that Isaiah 53 is a prophecy of Jesus comes from the [[Book of Acts]], which describes a scene in which God commands [[Philip the Apostle]] to approach an Ethiopian eunuch who is sitting in a chariot, reading aloud to himself from the [[Book of Isaiah]]. The eunuch comments that he does not understand what he is reading (Isaiah 53) and Philip explains to him that the passage refers to Jesus: "And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray thee, of whom speaketh the prophet this? Of himself, or of some other man? Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus." This has been the standard Christian interpretation of the passage since Apostolic times.<ref>{{cite book|last=The Evangelist|first=Luke|title=Acts of the Apostles|year=circa 85AD|publisher=Gutenberg|pages=8:33–34}}</ref>
 
The (suffering) ''Servant'',<ref name=TSinger-53WhoIsGodsSufferingServant>{{cite web
|last=Singer
|first=Tovia
Baris 163 ⟶ 426:
|publisher=Rabbi Tovia Singer
|accessdate=2 January 2013}} (free mp3 audio)
</ref> asmenggambarkan referring to thependeritaan [[Jewishorang peopleYahudi]], suffering from the cruelties ofakibat thepenganiayaan [[:en:Goyim|nationsbangsa-bangsa lain]], ismerupakan atema themeyang indisebut thebeberapa kali dalam [[ServantKitab songsYesaya]] andyaitu ispada mentioned[[Yesaya in {{bibleref|Isa|41:8-9|JPR}}]], {{bibleref|Isa|44:1|JPR}},[[Yesaya {{bibleref|Isa|44:21|JPR}}]], {{bibleref|Isa|45:4|JPR}}[[Yesaya45]], {{bibleref|Isa|[[Yesaya 48:20|JPR}}]], anddan [[Yesaya {{bibleref|Isa|49:3|JPR}}]].<ref name=RTSingerSufferingServant/>
 
===Jeremiah 31Zakharia 9:159 ===
{{main|Zakharia 9}}
Matthew 2:17-18 gives the killing of innocents by Herod as the fulfillment of a prophecy spoken of in Jeremiah:
:"Bersorak-soraklah dengan nyaring, hai puteri Sion, bersorak-sorailah, hai puteri Yerusalem! Lihat, rajamu datang kepadamu; ia adil dan jaya. Ia lemah lembut dan mengendarai seekor keledai, seekor keledai beban yang muda."<ref>{{Alkitab|Zakharia 9:9}}</ref>
:Then what was said through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled:
:A voice is heard in Ramah,
:weeping and great mourning,
:Rachel weeping for her children
:and refusing to be comforted,
:because they are no more.
In Jeremiah 31:15, the phrase "because her children are no more" refers to the [[Assyrian captivity|captivity]] of Rachel's children in [[Assyria]]. The subsequent verses describe their return to Israel.<ref>Jeremiah 31:16-17, 23</ref>
 
Para penulis Kristen menafsirkan Zakharia 9:9 sebagai nubuat mesianik mengenai kerendah-hatian.<ref>George Livingstone Robinson [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1062-0516(189510%2F189601)12%3A1%2F2%3C1%3ATPOZWS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Oct., 1895 - Jan., 1896) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
===Micah 5:2 (Micah 5:1 in Hebrew){{anchor|Micah 5:2}}===
{{quote|"But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days." ({{bibleverse||Micah|5:1|HE}})}}
 
[[Injil Yohanes]] [[Yohanes 12|pasal 12]] menghubungkan ayat ini dengan kisah [[Yesus dielu-elukan di Yerusalem|perjalanan Yesus memasuki Yerusalem, di mana Ia dielu-elukan banyak orang]] yang "mengambil daun-daun palem, dan pergi menyongsong Dia sambil berseru-seru: "Hosana! Diberkatilah Dia yang datang dalam nama Tuhan, Raja Israel!" Yesus menemukan seekor keledai muda lalu Ia naik ke atasnya, seperti ada tertulis: 12:15 "Jangan takut, hai puteri Sion, lihatlah, Rajamu datang, duduk di atas seekor anak keledai."<ref>{{Alkitab|Yohanes 12:13-15}}</ref>
A verse near the end of [[Micah (prophet)|Micah]]'s prophecy on the [[Babylonian captivity]] has been interpreted by Christian apologists as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>W. Muss-Arnolt [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-3578(189706)9%3A6%3C443%3AHTTSOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M Biblical World, Vol. 9, No. 6 (Jun., 1897) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
 
[[Injil sinoptik]] mencatat bahwa Yesus sendiri yang merencanakan naik keledai, sehingga dengan sadar menggenapi nubuat ini,<ref>D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1991), page 433.</ref> meskipun murid-murid-Nya baru menyadari akan penggenapan nubuat ini setelah Yesus sudah [[kebangkitan Yesus|bangkit dari kematian]].<ref>{{Alkitab|Yohanes 12:16}} mencatat: "''Mula-mula murid-murid Yesus tidak mengerti akan hal itu, tetapi sesudah Yesus dimuliakan, teringatlah mereka, bahwa nas itu mengenai Dia, dan bahwa mereka telah melakukannya juga untuk Dia.''"</ref>
The verse describes the [[clan]] of Bethlehem, who was the son of [[Caleb]]'s second wife, [[Ephrathah]]. (1 Chr. [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/2-18.html 2:18], [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/passage.aspx?q=1%20Chronicles+2:50-52 2:50-52], [http://www.biblestudytools.com/cjb/1-chronicles/4-4.html 4:4]) Bethlehem Ephrathah is the town and clan from which king [[David]] was born,<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|16.18-23|HE}}</ref> and this passage refers to the future birth of a new Davidic heir.<ref>Joseph A. Fitzmyer, ''The One who is to Come'', (Eerdmans, 2007), page 53.</ref>
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The [[Gospel of Matthew]] describes Jesus' triumphant entry on [[Palm Sunday]] as a fulfillment of this verse in [[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah]]. Matthew describes the prophecy in terms of a [[colt (horse)|colt]] and a separate donkey, whereas the original only mentions the colt; the reference in Zechariah is a Jewish [[Parallelism (grammar)|parallelism]] referring only to a single animal, and the gospels of [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]] state Jesus sent his disciples after only one animal.<ref>Mark 11:1-7, Luke 19:30-35, John 12: 14-15</ref> Several explanations have been suggested, such as that Matthew misread the original, the existence of the foal is implied, or he wanted to create a deliberate echo of a reference in 2 Samuel 16:1-4, where there are two asses for David's household to ride on.<ref>{{cite book |title=Matthew: a shorter commentary |last=Allison |first=Dale C. |year=2004 |publisher=Continuum International |pages=344+345}}</ref>
 
In the most ancient Jewish writings Zechariah 9:9 is applied to the Messiah. According to the Talmud, so firm was the belief in the ass on which the Messiah is to ride that "if anyone saw an ass in his dream, he will see salvation".<ref>Ber. 56b</ref> The verse is also Messianically quoted in Sanh. 98 a, in Pirqé de R. Eliez. c. 31, and in several of the [[Midrash|Midrashim]].
Although the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke give different accounts of the birth of Jesus, both place the birth in Bethlehem.<ref>Raymond E. Brown, ''The Birth of the Messiah'', Anchor Bible (1999), page 36.</ref> The Gospel of Matthew describes [[Herod the Great]] as asking the chief priests and scribes of Jerusalem where the Messiah was to be born. They respond by quoting Micah, "In Beit-Lechem of Y'hudah," they replied, "because the prophet wrote, 'And you, Beit-Lechem in the land of Y'hudah, are by no means the least among the rulers of Y'hudah; for from you will come a Ruler who will shepherd my people Isra'el.'" ({{bibleverse||Matt|2:4-6|NASB}})
-->
 
=== Zakharia 12:10 ===
The idea that Bethlehem was to be the birthplace of the Messiah appears in no Jewish source before the 4th century CE.<ref>Edwin D. Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 79.</ref> Jewish tradition appears to have emphasised the idea that the birthplace of the Messiah was not known.<ref>Edwin D Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 79; see {{bibleverse||John|7:26-27|131}}</ref>
{{main|Zakharia 12}}
 
[[Zakharia 12#Ayat 10|Zakharia 12:10]]:
Many modern scholars consider the birth stories as inventions by the Gospel writers, created to glorify Jesus and present his birth as the fulfillment of prophecy.<ref>Geza Vermes, ''The Nativity: History and Legend'', London, Penguin, 2006, p22.</ref><ref>E. P. Sanders, ''The Historical Figure of Jesus'', Penguin, 1993, p.85.</ref> However since the birth in Bethlehem is one of the few common elements in the Gospel accounts, some scholars believe that both writers were drawing on an existing Christian tradition.<ref>Edwin D. Freed, ''The Stories of Jesus' Birth'', (Continuum International, 2004), page 78.</ref>
:"Aku akan mencurahkan roh pengasihan dan roh permohonan atas keluarga Daud dan atas penduduk Yerusalem, dan mereka akan memandang kepada dia yang telah mereka tikam, dan akan meratapi dia seperti orang meratapi anak tunggal, dan akan menangisi dia dengan pedih seperti orang menangisi anak sulung."<ref>{{Alkitab|Zakharia 12:10}}</ref>
 
{{Alkitab|Zakharia 12:10}} adalah ayat lain yang biasanya dikutip oleh para pengarang Kristen sebagai nubuat mesianik yang digenapi oleh Yesus.<ref>Richard H. Hiers [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9231(197103)90%3A1%3C82%3APOTTPF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 90, No. 1 (Mar., 1971) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
===Psalms===
<!--
Some portions of the Psalms are considered prophetic in Judaism, even though they are listed among the [[Ketuvim]] (Writings) and not the [[Nevi'im]] (Prophets).
 
The words Messiah and Christ mean "anointed one". In ancient times Jewish leaders were [[anointing|anointed]] with olive oil when they assumed their position (e.g. David, Saul, Isaac, Jacob). And "Messiah" is used as a name for kings in the Hebrew Bible: in {{bibleverse||2Samuel|1:14}} David finds King Saul's killer and asks, "Why were you not afraid to lift your hand to destroy the LORD's anointed?"
 
In many Psalms, whose authorship are traditionally ascribed to King David (i.e. ''Messiah'' David), the author writes about his life in third person, referring to himself as "the/God's/your messiah" while clearly discussing his military exploits. Thus it can be argued that many of the portions that are asserted to be prophetic Psalms may not be. Psalm 2, spoken of below, can be argued to be about David and not Jesus. {{bibleverse||Psalms|2:6}} says "I have installed [past tense] my King on Zion, my holy hill [Jerusalem, David's capital that he captured in battle in 1 Samuel]." {{bibleverse||Psalms|2:7}} says, "I [David, the author] will proclaim the decree of the LORD: He said to me [David, the person to whom God was speaking], 'You [David] are my Son; today I have become your [adopted] Father.'" If the passage was speaking about a begotten son then that person would have been born the son of that father; he wouldn't have to become it at some later point after birth. (Throughout the Bible it is common to call saints and angels the sons or children of God.)
 
====Psalm 2====
{{Main|Psalm 2}}
"Why do the nations conspire, and the peoples plot in vain? 2. The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and his Anointed, saying, 3. 'Let us burst their bonds asunder, and cast their cords from us.' 4. He who sits in the heavens laughs; the LORD has them in derision. 5. Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, 6. 'I have set my king on Zion, my holy hill." 7. I will tell of the decree of the LORD: He said to me, 'You are my son, today I have begotten you. 8. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. 9. You shall break them with a rod of iron, and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel'" ([[Psalm]] 2: 1-9).
 
The dating of [[Psalm 2]] is argued among scholars, but one suggestion is that it was composed under the [[Hasmonean]] dynasty (140-37BC.<ref>Marco Treves [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0042-4935(196501)15%3A1%3C81%3ATAP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 15, Fasc. 1 (Jan., 1965) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref> The authors of Acts and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] interpreted it as relating to Christ.
 
Verse 2. “Anointed” – in Hebrew ''mashiah'', “anointed”; in Greek ''christos'', whence English Messiah and Christ.
 
Verse 7. The LORD is the messiah’s father.
 
As for kings and rulers setting themselves against the Christ, both [[Herod Antipas|Herod]] and [[Pontius Pilate]] set themselves against Jesus, whom God had anointed, according to [[Acts of the Apostles]] 4: 25-27.
 
Acts 13: 33 interprets Jesus’ rising from the dead as confirmation of verse 7 (“You are my son, today I have begotten you”).
 
Hebrews 1: 5 employs verse 7 in order to argue that Jesus is superior to the angels, i.e., Jesus is superior as a mediator between God and man. “For to what angel did God ever say, ''Thou art my Son, today I have begotten thee''?”
 
Texts vary in the exact wording of the phrase beginning Psalm 2:12, with "kiss his foot", and "kiss the Son" being most common in various languages for centuries. Strong's shows the widely known word "bar," of apparent [[Chaldea]]n origin but still in common use in Hebrew today as "son," as meaning "heir" or "son." Thus, with this word and the context there is an obvious reverence for royalty which is being portrayed in various manners. The New Testament era translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, gives another variation, literally "accept correction." All of these variations express the same concept- to show reverence and submission to the LORD and his anointed.
 
====Psalm 16====
The interpretation of Psalm 16 as a messanic prophecy is common among Christian [[evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[hermeneutics]].<ref>Darrell L. Bock [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bock_OTinNT1_BS.pdf Bibliotheca Sacra 142 (July, 1985)]</ref>
“I bless the Lord who has given me understanding, because even in the night, my heart warns me. I keep the Lord always within my sight; for he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. For this reason my heart is glad and my soul rejoices; moreover, my body also will rest secure, for thou wilt not leave my soul in the abode of the dead, nor permit thy holy one to see corruption. Thou wilt show me the path of life, the fullness of joys in thy presence, and delights at thy right hand forever” (verses 7-11).
 
According to the preaching of Peter, this prophecy is about the messiah’s triumph over death, i.e., the resurrection of Jesus.
 
“God raised Jesus up, having loosed the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it. For David says concerning him, ‘I saw the Lord always before me, for he is at my right hand that I may not be shaken… For thou wilt not abandon my soul to Hades, nor let thy Holy One see corruption… Thou wilt make me full of gladness with thy presence.’ Brethren, I may say to you confidently of the patriarch David that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. Being therefore a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants upon his throne, he foresaw and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. This Jesus God raised up, and we are all witnesses of it” (Acts 2: 24-32).
 
Also of note is what Paul said in the synagogue at [[Antioch]]. “And as for the fact that he raised him from the dead, no more to return to corruption, he spoke in this way, ‘I will give you the holy and sure blessings of David.’ Therefore he also says in another psalm, ‘Thou wilt not let thy Holy One see corruption.’ For David, after he had served the counsel of God in his own generation, fell asleep, and saw corruption; but he whom God raised up saw no corruption” (Acts 13: 34-37).
 
====Psalm 22====
{{See also|Sayings of Jesus on the cross|They have pierced my hands and my feet}}
Two of the Gospels ({{bibleref|Matthew|27:46|131}} and {{bibleref|Mark|15:34|131}}) quote Jesus as speaking these words from the cross;<ref>Mark H. Heinemann [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/19-Psalms/Text/Articles/Heinemann-Ps22-BS.pdf BIBLIOTHECA SACRA 147 (July 1990)]</ref>
 
{{quote|"From the cross, Jesus cried with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”}}
 
The other two canonical Gospels give different accounts of the words of Jesus. Luke 23:46 quotes Psalm 31:5 ("Into your hands I commit my spirit") while John has Jesus say "It is finished" (John 19:30). Some scholars see this as evidence that the words of Jesus were not part of a pre-Gospel [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] narrative, but were added later by the Gospel writers.<ref>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, (Eerdmans, 2000), page 1012.</ref>
 
In most Hebrew manuscripts, such as the [[Masoretic]], Psalm 22:16 (verse 17 in the [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|Hebrew verse numbering]]) reads כארי ידי ורגלי ("like a lion my hands and my feet").<ref>Disciples Study Bible (NIV)</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=March 2008}} Many Christians translate this as "[[they have pierced my hands and my feet]]", based on the [[Septuagint]] and [[Peshitta|Syriac manuscripts]]. However, the phrase, if translated as "like a lion my hands and my feet" bears no coherent meaning. There remains some [[they have pierced my hands and my feet|controversy]] about this translation. It asserted that the Dead Sea Scrolls lend considerable weight to the translation as "[[They have pierced my hands and my feet]]",<ref>The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, Translated and with commentary by Martin Abegg Jr., Peter Flint and Eugene Ulrich. (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1999</ref> although this view is not uncontested.<ref>Psalm 22:17: circling around the problem again. Kristin M. Swenson. Journal of Biblical Literature. 123.4 (Winter 2004) p640.</ref> Christian apologists argue that this passage refers to Jesus of Nazareth.<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/sample-page-2/?did=14</ref>
 
====Psalm 34====
{{quote|"Many are the afflictions of the just man; but the Lord delivers him from all of them. He guards all his bones: not even one of them shall be broken." ({{bibleverse||Psalms|34:20|131}})}}
 
Ray Pritchard has described Psalm 34:20 as a messianic prophecy.<ref>Ray Pritchard ''What A Christian Believes: An Easy to Read Guide to Understanding'' chapter 3 Crossway Books ISBN 1-58134-016-8</ref> In its account of the crucifixion of Jesus, the Gospel of John interprets it as a prophecy ({{bibleverse||John|19:36|131}}) and presents some of the details as fulfillment.
{{quote|“So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with Jesus; but when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water… For these things took place that the scripture might be fulfilled, ‘Not a bone of him shall be broken.’ And again another scripture says, ‘They shall look on him whom they have pierced’” ({{bibleverse||John|19:32-37|131}})}}
 
====Psalm 69====
{{quote|"They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink"}}
Christians believe that this verse refers to Jesus' time on the cross in which he was given a sponge soaked in vinegar to drink, as seen in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2027:34;&version=31; Matthew 27:34], [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2015:23;&version=31; Mark 15:23], and [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%2019:29&version=NIV; John 19:29].<ref>James Montgomery Boice and Philip Graham Ryken ''The Heart of the Cross'' pg 13 Crossway Books ISBN 1-58134-678-6</ref>
 
====Psalm 110====
Christian authors have interpreted Psalm 110 as a messianic passage in light of several New Testament passages.<ref>Herbert W. Bateman IV [http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/19-Psalms/Text/Articles/Bateman-Ps110-BS.pdf 'Psalm 110'.] ''[[Bibliotheca Sacra]]'' '''149''' (Oct. 1992)</ref> In fact, they argue that this refers to Jesus of Nazareth.<ref>http://www.evidenceunseen.com/mt-2241-46-is-psalm-110-a-prophecy-of-jesus/</ref>
 
“A psalm of David.
 
1. The Lord says to my lord: ‘Sit at my right hand, till I make your enemies your footstool.’ <br />
2. The Lord sends forth from Zion your mighty sceptre: ‘Rule in the midst of your foes! <br />
3. With you is sovereignty in the splendor of holiness on the day of your birth: before the morning star, like the dew, I have begotten you.’ <br />
4. The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: ‘You are a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.’ <br />
5. The Lord is at your right hand; he will shatter kings on the day of his wrath. <br />
6. He will execute judgment among the nations, filling them with corpses; he will crush heads over the wide earth. <br />
7. He will drink from the brook by the way; therefore he will lift up his head.”
 
Verse 1. God speaks to David. The first instance of "The LORD (Hebrew: YHWH)" in this verse is a translation of the Hebrew name of God, [[Yahweh]]. The second instance of "my lord (Hebrew: ADONI)" is David, from the viewpoint of the Psalmist. The opening phrase of Psalm 110 is [[literal translation|literally]] translated as "Regarding David, a psalm," indicating that the psalm is "of" or "about" King David, not written by him. The same introduction (τω δαυιδ ψαλμος) is used in the [[LXX]] version of Psalm 110 (which is Psalm 109 in the [[Psalm#Numbering|Greek text]]).<ref>[http://bibledatabase.net/html/septuagint/19_109.htm Online Greek OT (Septuagint/LXX) UTF8 Bible. Psalms Chapter 109:1-7<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
In the New Testament, the gospel writers leave out the portion "regarding David, a psalm" and reinterprets the remaining out of context verse as a messianic prophecy: “while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question, saying, ‘What do you think of the Christ? Whose son is he?’ They said to him, ‘The son of David.’ He said to them, ‘How is it then that David in the Spirit calls him Lord, saying, ''The Lord said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand, till I put thy enemies under thy feet''? If David thus calls him Lord, how is he his son?’ And no one was able to answer him a word” (Matthew 22: 41-46). The remaining portion of this verse speaks of how David shall be seated at God's right hand, with his enemies thoroughly defeated. Although Hebrew has no capital letters, the Hebrew translation of that passage reads "The Lord said to my ''lord''" indicating that it is not speaking of God.<ref>[http://www.outreachjudaism.org/psalm110.html Outreach Judaism - responds directly to the issues raised by missionaries and cults. Responds to Jews For Jesus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
"A royal psalm(see Ps.2 intro). It is quite difficult because v.3 is totally obscure, and the psalm speakers often. In Christian interpretation, it is understood as a reference to Jesus, as a messianic and sometimes eschatological psalm; Radak polemicizes against this view"
1. Here God is speaking to the king, called my ''lord''; Perhaps these are the words spoken by a prophet. The king is very proximate to God, in a position of privilege, imagined as being on His ''right hand'' in the [[Divine Council]]. The second-in-command was seated to the right of the king in the ancient Near East. Such images are rare in psalms, but see Ps45:7. If the king trods on the back of his enemies (see Josh. 10:24), they poetically become his "Footstool" 2. In contrast to v.1, God is spoken of in the third person. The Zion tradition (see Isa. 2:1-4; 60:1-22) and royal tradition are here connected. While v.1-2 express the great power of the king, they also emphasize it comes from God" (YHWH).<ref>The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publications Society Tanakh Translation Oxford University Press / 2004</ref>
 
===II Samuel 7:14===
Hebrews 1:5 quotes this verse as, "I will be his Father, and he will be my Son.". However, the verse doesn’t end with the phrase quoted in the New Testament, but continues: "When he does wrong, I will punish him with the rod of men, with floggings inflicted by men." Christians see Jesus as taking on the sins of all humanity. Therefore, Jesus "did wrong" by accepting the sins of the world.<ref>2 Cor. 5:21, 1 Peter 2:21-22</ref> The Old Testament verse is referring to [[Solomon]].<ref name="jewsforjudaism">[http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/pdf/EnglishHandbook.pdf]{{Dead link|date=April 2010}} English Handbook Page 34</ref><ref>1 Chronicles 22:9-10</ref> Given the reference to Solomon, Christians argue, Solomon is thus seen as prophetically typifying Jesus.
 
===Wisdom of Solomon 2:12-20===
{{See also|Book of Wisdom#Messianic interpretation by Christians}}
The [[Book of Wisdom|Wisdom of Solomon]] is one of the [[Deuterocanonical]] books of the Old Testament. The Deuterocanonical books are considered [[Biblical canon|canonical]] by [[Catholics]], [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Oriental Orthodox]], but are considered non-canonical by [[Jews]] and [[Protestants]].
 
:''"Let us lie in wait for the righteous man, because he is inconvenient to us and opposes our actions; he reproaches us for sins against the law, and accuses us of sins against our training. He professes to have knowledge of God, and calls himself a child of the Lord. He became to us a reproof of our thoughts; the very sight of him is a burden to us, because his manner of life is unlike that of others, and his ways are strange. We are considered by him as something base, and he avoids our ways as unclean; he calls the last end of the righteous happy, and boasts that God is his father. Let us see if his words are true, and let us test what will happen at the end of his life; for if the righteous man is God's son, he will help him, and will deliver him from the hand of his adversaries. Let us test him with insult and torture, that we may find out how gentle he is, and make trial of his forbearance. Let us condemn him to a shameful death, for, according to what he says, he will be protected".''
 
===Zechariah 9:9===
Christian authors have interpreted Zechariah 9:9 as a prophecy of an act of messianic self-humiliation.<ref>George Livingstone Robinson [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1062-0516(189510%2F189601)12%3A1%2F2%3C1%3ATPOZWS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Oct., 1895 - Jan., 1896) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
 
:"Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; He is just and endowed with salvation, Humble, and mounted on a donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey." {{bibleverse||Zec|9:9|NASB}}
 
The Gospel of John links this verse to the account of Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem: "took the branches of the palm trees and went out to meet Him, and began to shout, “Hosanna! BLESSED IS HE WHO COMES IN THE NAME OF THE LORD, even the King of Israel.” Jesus, finding a young donkey, sat on it; as it is written, “FEAR NOT, DAUGHTER OF ZION; BEHOLD, YOUR KING IS COMING, SEATED ON A DONKEY’S COLT.” " {{bibleverse||John|12:13-15|NASB}}
 
The [[Synoptic Gospels]] make clear that Jesus arranged this event, thus consciously fulfilling the prophecy.<ref>D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1991), page 433.</ref>
 
The [[Gospel of Matthew]] describes Jesus' triumphant entry on [[Palm Sunday]] as a fulfillment of this verse in [[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah]]. Matthew describes the prophecy in terms of a [[colt (horse)|colt]] and a separate donkey, whereas the original only mentions the colt; the reference in Zechariah is a Jewish [[Parallelism (grammar)|parallelism]] referring only to a single animal, and the gospels of [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]] state Jesus sent his disciples after only one animal.<ref>Mark 11:1-7, Luke 19:30-35, John 12: 14-15</ref> Several explanations have been suggested, such as that Matthew misread the original, the existence of the foal is implied, or he wanted to create a deliberate echo of a reference in 2 Samuel 16:1-4, where there are two asses for David's household to ride on.<ref>{{cite book |title=Matthew: a shorter commentary |last=Allison |first=Dale C. |year=2004 |publisher=Continuum International |pages=344+345}}</ref>
 
In the most ancient Jewish writings Zechariah 9:9 is applied to the Messiah.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} According to the Talmud, so firm was the belief in the ass on which the Messiah is to ride that "if anyone saw an ass in his dream, he will see salvation".<ref>Ber. 56b</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2011}} The verse is also Messianically quoted in Sanh. 98 a, in Pirqé de R. Eliez. c. 31, and in several of the [[Midrash|Midrashim]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
 
===Zechariah 12:10===
[[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah]] 12:10 is another verse commonly cited by Christian authors as a messianic prophecy fulfilled by Jesus.<ref>Richard H. Hiers [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9231(197103)90%3A1%3C82%3APOTTPF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 90, No. 1 (Mar., 1971) ''Requires subscription for full content'']</ref>
 
{{quote|"And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born." {{bibleverse||Zec|12:10|JPS}}}}
 
In some of the most ancient Jewish writings, Zechariah 12:10 is applied to the [[Messiah ben Joseph]] in the Talmud,<ref>Sukk. 52a</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2011}} and so is verse 12 ("The land will wail, each family by itself: The family of the House of David by themselves, and their women by themselves; the family of the House of Nathan by themselves, and their women by themselves"), there being, however, a difference of opinion whether the mourning is caused by the death of the Messiah ben Joseph, or else on account of the evil concupiscence (''[[Yetzer hara]]'').{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
Baris 294 ⟶ 456:
The [[Gospel of John]] makes reference to this prophecy when referring to the crucifixion of Jesus, as can be seen in the following account: "So the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who was crucified with Him; but coming to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe. For these things came to pass to fulfill the Scripture, “NOT A BONE OF HIM SHALL BE BROKEN.” And again another Scripture says, “THEY SHALL LOOK ON HIM WHOM THEY PIERCED.” " {{bibleverse||John|19:32-37|NASB}}
 
=== Ayat-ayat yang dibaca sebagai nubuat mengenai keturunan Daud===
===Verses read as Davidic line prophecies===
{{Main|Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy}}
 
== Debat mengenai penggenapan nubuat ==
==Debate about prophecy fulfilment==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2009}}
Among Christian believers, opinion varies as to which Old Testament passages are messianic prophecies and which are not, and whether the prophecies they claim to have been fulfilled are intended to be prophecies. The authors of these Old Testament "prophecies" often appear to be describing events that had already occurred. For example, the New Testament verse {{bibleref|Matthew|2:14}} states, ''"So he got up, took the child and his mother during the night and left for Egypt, 15 where he stayed until the death of Herod. And so was fulfilled what the Lord had said through the prophet: 'Out of Egypt I called my son.'"'' This is referring to the Old Testament verse [[Hosea]] 11:1. However, that passage reads, "''When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.''" Skeptics say that the Hosea passage clearly is talking about a historical event and therefore the passage clearly is not a prophecy.
 
According to modern scholarship, the suffering servant described in Isaiah chapter 53 is actually the Jewish people. According to some, the rabbinic response, e.g., Rashi and [[Maimonides]], is that although the suffering servant passage clearly is prophetic and even if Psalm 22 is prophetic, the Messiah has not come yet, therefore, the passages could not possibly be talking about Jesus. As noted above, there is some controversy about the phrase "[[they have pierced my hands and my feet]]".
 
===Response Tanggapan ===
Berbagai penjelasan berbeda telah diberikan guna menerangkan mengapa jenis-jenis nas tertentu dianggap sebagai nubuat, tergantung dari nas-nas tersebut.
Different explanations are offered for why these types of passages should be considered prophecies, depending on the particular passage.
 
====The Metoda penafsiran ''Pesher'' interpretation method====
Some<ref>Robert L.Thomas, ''Evangelical Hermeneutics: The New Verses the Old'',Kregel Academic (2002), page 256 citing Longenecker, ''Biblical Exegesis'', 38.</ref>{{who|date=June 2012}} have pointed out that at the time of Jesus of Nazareth there was a Jewish method of biblical interpretation known as ''[[pesher]]'' in Hebrew.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} It was a common approach to the Hebrew Bible by the communities at [[Qumran]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} It was a widely known and widely accepted interpretive technique that the Jewish writers of the New Testament would have known well.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} In modern Christian theological terminology, this approach involves [[typology (theology)|typology]]. When a New Testament author describes something as a prophecy that is not usually regarded as a prophecy, he is saying essentially, "This event is an example of the '''''type''''' of thing that this Old Testament passage is referring to."
 
====The Metoda penafsiran ''Remez'' interpretation method====
{{see also|context (language use)}}
Jews and Christians tend to ask different questions about the Bible. One example cited is that a ''common'' question of Jewish biblical scholars is, "Why is ''this'' passage next to ''this'' passage?"
 
Jewish interpretive techniques often look for a "hint" at a deeper meaning; this "hint" is known as ''remez'' in Hebrew. Because the New Testament writers were fluent in [[biblical Hebrew]], sometimes they are using a play on Hebrew words in the original [[Tanach]] that is not obvious to Greek scholars and translators or to English-speaking readers. One example is Matthew saying at {{bibleref|Matthew|2:23}} "and he went and lived in a town called Nazareth. So was fulfilled what was said through the prophets: 'He will be called a Nazarene.'" The words "[[Nazareth]]" and "[[Nazarene (title)|Nazarene]]" do not occur in the Old Testament. Juster opines that Matthew is hinting at two Hebrew words: the root ''n-z-r'', meaning "branch", and "[[Nazarite]]".
Baris 317 ⟶ 478:
Another possible explanation offered is that such a prophecy once existed in the biblical texts but was lost. This theory is supported by the fact that such a verse exists in a copy of Samuel found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}
-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
<!--
Baris 325 ⟶ 487:
* [[Eksegesis]]
* [[Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus]]
* [[Pandangan Yahudi mengenaitentang Yesus]]
* [[Perjanjian Baru]]
<!--* [[Pesher]]
* [[Supersesionisme]]
* [[Yudaisme dan Kekristenan]]-->
* [[Yudaisme Mesianik]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== Pustaka utama ==
*: {{Cite book
| last = Barker
| first = Margaret
| chapter = Isaiah
| editor1-last = Dunn
| editor1-first = James D.G.
|editor2-last = Rogerson
|editor2-first = John
| title = Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
| publisher = Eerdmans
| year = 2001
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA489&dq=margaret+barker+Isaiah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FTKRT8igBM2ZmQX3kOHVAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=margaret%20barker%20Isaiah&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
*: {{cite book
| last = Childs
| first = Brevard S
| title = Isaiah
| publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
| year = 2001
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yTxixTkYagoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Childs,+Brevard+S.++Isaiah&source=bl&ots=OJQOHRw1Ou&sig=IMMKve1mV6k2k8cPDEScFptZyKU&hl=en&ei=BlecTNDFDdKWceT24PMJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv}}
*: {{Cite book
| last = Coogan
| first = Michael D.
| chapter = Isaiah
| editor1-last = Coogan
| editor1-first = Michael D.
|editor2-last = Brettler
|editor2-first = Mark Zvi
|editor3-last = Newsom
|editor3-first = Carol Ann
| title = New Oxford Annotated Bible
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2007
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Nc-i_pQsiW8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rtyUT4bMNcHmmAWm4pTpAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20New%20Oxford%20Annotated%20Bible&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
*: {{cite book
| last = Ehrman
| first = Bart D.
| title = Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1999
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=c9K_6NN3llcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jesus:+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZSSRT5-SELGfmQXage3MAQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jesus%3A%20Apocalyptic%20Prophet%20of%20the%20New%20Millennium&f=false
| ref = harv}}
*: {{cite book
| last = Rhodes
| first = Ron
| title = The Complete Guide to Bible Translations
| publisher = Harvest House Publishers
| year = 2009
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=NfI6sgyzq4YC&pg=PA81&dq=translation+of+almah+in+christian+bibles&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rGeWT7bDG6L5mAXg07itDg&ved=0CE8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv}}
*: {{Cite book
| last = Saldarini
| first = Anthony J.
| chapter = Matthew
| editor1-last = Dunn
| editor1-first = James D.G.
|editor2-last = Rogerson
|editor2-first = John
| title = Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
| publisher = Eerdmans
| year = 2001
| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1000&dq=Matthew+Anthony+J+Saldarini+Introduction&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-yyXT-DJKsWhmQWshNjHDg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Matthew%20Anthony%20J%20Saldarini%20Introduction&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
*: {{cite book
| last = Sweeney
| first = Marvin A
| title = Isaiah 1–39: with an introduction to prophetic literature
| publisher = Eerdmans
| year = 1996
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BdSzj9-SZv0C&pg=PR3&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv}}
* Herbert Lockyer ''All the Messianic Prophecies of the Bible'' Zondervan 1988 ISBN 0-310-28091-5
* Nelson Reference Guides ''Find It Fast Messianic Prophecies Fulfilled In Jesus Christ'' Nelson Reference 2001 ISBN 0-7852-4754-8
Baris 421 ⟶ 583:
== Pranala luar ==
'''Jewish analysis [Non Messianic]'''
* [http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=3&Itemid=480 Jews for Judaism]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm Ask Rabbi Simmons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072627/http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm |date=2011-07-16 }}
* [http://www.messiahtruth.com/response.html Messiah Truth]
* [http://www.OutreachJudaism.com/ OutreachJudaism.com]
Baris 428 ⟶ 590:
* [http://whatjewsbelieve.org/ WhatJewsBelieve.org]
* [http://bejewish.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26 Lets Get Biblical tape series online at beJewish.org]
* [http://www.simpletoremember.com/audio/anti-missionary-mp3s.htm Lets Get Biblical tape series online at SimpleToRemeber.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227044403/http://simpletoremember.com/audio/anti-missionary-mp3s.htm |date=2009-02-27 }}
* [https://kasihagape.com/10-nubuatan-tentang-yesus-kristus/ KasihAgape.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126113944/https://kasihagape.com/10-nubuatan-tentang-yesus-kristus/ |date=2020-11-26 }}
 
'''Evangelical Christian (including Messianic Jewish) analysis'''
Baris 435 ⟶ 598:
* [http://www.messianicbible.com/ The Messianic Prophecy Bible Project]
* [http://www.clarifyingchristianity.com/m_prophecies.shtml Clarifying Christianity.com]
* [http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=580 Messianic Prophecies by J. Hampton Keathley, III , Th.M.]
* [http://www.messiahrevealed.org/ Messiah Revealed: Over 300 Prophecies from the Hebrew Scriptures Reveal Messiah]
 
'''Skeptical and Critical analysis'''
* [http://deism.com/paine_essay03.htm Old Testament Prophecies of Jesus Proven False, by Thomas Paine] {{DeadWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011083916/http://deism.com/paine_essay03.htm link|date=April2007-10-11 2010}}
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/jim_lippard/fabulous-prophecies.html The Fabulous Prophecies of the Messiah], by [[Jim Lippard]]
* [http://www.skepticfiles.org/skeptic2/33myth.htm Skeptic Think Tank]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/archive/till_prophecy.html Stephen Jay Gould's response to prophecy fulfillment]
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/virginprophecy.html The Problem of the Virgin Birth Prophecy]
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/chris_sandoval/daniel.html#traditional A Critical Examination of the Seventy Weeks Prophecy]
 
[[Category:Prophecy]]
 
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