Asupan Referensi Diet: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Diet-ge013ccb43 1920.jpg|jmpl|Ilustasi diet]]
'''Asupan Referensi Diet''' ('''''Dietary Reference Intake''''', '''''DRI''''') adalah sistem rekomendasi [[gizi]] dari ''[[Institute of Medicine]]'' (IOM), ''[[National Academies (United States)]]''.<ref name="HealthCanada">{{cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/dietary-reference-intakes/consumer-guide-dris-dietary-reference-intakes.html |title=A Consumer's Guide to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) |publisher=Health Canada |date=2010-11-29 |accessdate=2017-08-29}}</ref> Ini diperkenalkan pada tahun 1997 untuk memperluas pedoman yang ada yang dikenal sebagai '''Angka Kecukupan Gizi''' ('''AKG''') atau ''Recommended Dietary Allowances'' (''RDA'', lihat di bawah). Nilai DRI berbeda dari yang digunakan dalam [[Informasi Nilai Gizi|pelabelan gizi]] pada produk makanan dan [[suplemen makanan]] di AS dan Kanada, yang menggunakan [[Asupan Harian yang Dianjurkan]] atau ''Reference Daily Intakes'' (''RDI'') dan Nilai Harian (%DV) yang didasarkan pada RDA usang dari tahun 1968 namun diperbarui pada 2016.<ref name="DRI-APD-2003">{{cite book|date=2003 |title=Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Planning |page=51 |publisher=National Academy Press|isbn=978-0-309-08853-4 |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10609&page=51}}</ref><ref name="FedReg">{{cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982.}}</ref>
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== Rekomendasi terkini ==
=== Vitamin dan mineral ===
EAR, RDA/AI dan UL untuk rata-rata pria sehat berusia 44 tahun ditunjukkan dalam tabel di bawah. Jumlah dan status "ND" untuk kelompok usia dan jenis kelamin lainnya, wanita hamil, ibu menyusui, dan bayi yang sedang menyusui dapat berbeda sangat jauh.<ref name=IOM>{{citation| title = Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals| publisher = Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies| year = 2004| url = https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/5Summary%20TableTables%2014.pdf?la=en| accessdate = 2009-06-09| archive-date = 2020-06-25| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200625084855/https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/5Summary%20TableTables%2014.pdf?la=en| dead-url = yes}}</ref>
'''• "NE":''' EAR belum ditetapkan atau belum dievaluasi.
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{| class="wikitable"
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! Nutrisi !! EAR !! RDA/AI Tertinggi !! UL<ref name="nationalacademies.org">[https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/4_%20UL%20Values_Vitamins%20and%20Elements.pdf?la=en Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, Vitamins.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502104449/http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/4_%20UL%20Values_Vitamins%20and%20Elements.pdf?la=en |date=2017-05-02 }}, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies, 1997</ref> !! Satuan !! Sumber teratas dalam ukuran umum<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/index|title=Search by selected nutrient, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, SR28|date=2016|accessdate=19 May 2016|archive-date=2016-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429121340/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/index|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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| [[Vitamin A]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 625 ||style="text-align:center;" | 900 ||style="text-align:center;" | 3000 ||style="text-align:center;" | µg || [[jeroan]] [[kalkun]] dan [[ayam]], [[hati]], ''[[capsicum]]'' merah, [[wortel]], [[waluh]], [[ubi jalar]]<!-- Daftar berdasarkan ekivalen aktivitas retinol (retinol activity equivalent, RAE) bukan berdasarkan satuan internasional (international unit, IU) -->
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| [[Vitamin B12|Sianokobalamin]] (B<sub>12</sub>) ||style="text-align:center;" | 2,0 ||style="text-align:center;" | 2,4 ||style="text-align:center;" | ND ||style="text-align:center;" | µg || sereal yang difortifikasi, kalkun, [[kerang]], daging sapi, kuning telur, sardin, ikan tuna, ikan kembung
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| [[Vitamin C]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 75 ||style="text-align:center;" | 90 ||style="text-align:center;" | 2000 ||style="text-align:center;" | mg || [[Jambu biji|jambu]], [[jeruk]], ''[[grapefruit]]'', frozen [[persik]],{{efn-lr|Vitamin C ditambahkan pada buah persik beku agar tidak menghitam.<ref>{{cite web |author=P. Kendall |year=2013 |title=Freezing Fruits |publisher=Colorado State University Extension |id=Fact Sheet No. 9.331 |url=http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09331.html |accessdate=2014-10-02 |archive-date=2014-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113081621/http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09331.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Persik mentah dan persik awetan dalam sirup tidak memiliki kandungan vitamin C tinggi.<ref name=USDA />}} [[paprika]]
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| [[Vitamin D]]<ref name="vitD-Calcium2">{{cite book |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D |publisher=National Academy Press |location=Washington DC |year=2011 |isbn=0-309-16394-3 |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050 |lay-url=http://templatelab.com/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/ |lay-source=[[Institute of Medicine]] |quote=..., The IOM finds that the evidence supports a role for vitamin D and calcium in bone health but not in other health conditions. Further, emerging evidence indicates that too much of these nutrients may be harmful, challenging the concept that "more is better".}}</ref> ||style="text-align:center;" | 10 ||style="text-align:center;" | 15 ||style="text-align:center;" | 100 ||style="text-align:center;" | µg || [[Serealia|sereal]] yang difortifikasi, [[jamur]], [[ragi]], [[Salmon|sockeye salmon]], [[todak]], ''[[rainbow trout]]'', [[Sardinella|sardin]], [[minyak ikan kod]] (juga makanan dan minuman yang diperkaya dengannya)
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== Standar bukti ==
Pada September 2007, ''Institute of Medicine'' menyelenggarakan ''workshop'' berjudul “''The Development of DRIs 1994–2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges''.”<ref>
== Acuan ==
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==== Energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat dan air ====
'''Tabel 1.''' Angka Kecukupan [[Energi]], [[Protein]], [[Lemak]], [[Karbohidrat]], [[Serat pangan|Serat]] dan [[Air]] yang dianjurkan untuk orang Indonesia (perorang perhari)<ref name=Permenkes752013>{{cite|title=Lampiran|work=PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 75 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG ANGKA KECUKUPAN GIZI YANG DIANJURKAN BAGI BANGSA INDONESIA|url=https://peraturan.bkpm.go.id/jdih/userfiles/batang/PMK%20No.%2075%20ttg%20Angka%20Kecukupan%20Gizi%20Bangsa%20Indonesia.pdf|accessdate=2017-09-04|date=10 Desember 2013|archive-date=2016-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804101014/http://peraturan.bkpm.go.id/jdih/userfiles/batang/PMK%20No.%2075%20ttg%20Angka%20Kecukupan%20Gizi%20Bangsa%20Indonesia.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{rp|5-6}}
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! rowspan="2" |Kelompok<br/>umur
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== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book |author=Nestle, Marion |title=Food Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/foodpoliticshowf00nest |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=2002 |isbn=0-520-22465-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc |publisher=National Academy Press |location=Washington DC |year=2001 |isbn=0-309-07279-4 |url=http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10026 |ref={{harvid|Panel on Micronutrients|2001}}}}
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