Angkatan Laut Australia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = RoyalAngkatan AustralianLaut NavyKerajaan Australia
| image = File[[Berkas:2002Badge RANof badgethe Royal Australian Navy.jpgsvg|130px]]
| caption =Lambang Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Australia
| dates = 1911–present10 Juli 1911 – kini
| country = {{flag|Australia}}
| type = [[NavyAngkatan Laut]]
| size = 14,215 Personil tetap<ref name="auto">{{cite book|title=Defence Issues Paper|date=2014|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|page=29|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/docs/defenceissuespaper2014.pdf|accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref><br>8,493 Personil cadangan<ref name="auto"/><br/>48 kapal pesanan<br>3 kapal bukan pesanan
| command_structure = [[Angkatan Bersenjata Australia]]
| garrison = [[Russell Offices]], [[Canberra]]
| garrison_label = Headquarters
| motto = ''Serving Australia with Pride<br>''Melayani Australia dengan Bangga''
| march = "''[[Royal Australian Navy (music)|Royal Australian Navy]]"''
| mascot =
| battles = * [[Perang Dunia I]]
* [[Perang Dunia II]]
* [[Perang Korea]]
* [[MalayanKedaruratan EmergencyMalaya]]
* [[Konfrontasi Indonesia–Malaysia]]
* [[Indonesian Confrontation]]
* [[Perang Vietnam]]
* [[Perang Teluk]]
* [[Perang di AfghanistanAfganistan (2001–sekarang2001–2021)|Perang di AfghanistanAfganistan]]
* [[Perang Irak]]
| anniversaries = 10 Juli
| website = {{url|www.navy.gov.au/}}<!-- Commanders -->
| commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Governor-General of Australia.svg|size=23px}} [[Daftar Gubernur Jenderal Australia|Gubernur-Jenderal]] [[David Hurley]] sebagai perwakilan [[Charles III|Raja Charles III]] selaku [[Kerajaan Australia|Raja Australia]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s68.html |title = Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act – Section 68: Command of naval and military forces }}</ref>
| commander1 = General [[Peter Cosgrove|Sir Peter Cosgrove]] <br> As [[Governor-General of Australia]]
| commander1_label = [[Commander-in-chief]]Panglima Tertinggi
| commander2 = General{{Flagicon [[Angusimage|Flag Campbellof Chief of the Defence Force (generalAustralia).svg|size=23px}} [[Jenderal]] [[Angus Campbell]]
| commander2_label = [[ChiefPanglima ofAngkatan the Defence Force (Australia)|Chief of the Defence Force]]Pertahanan
| commander3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Australian Navy Board.svg|size=23px}} [[Laksamana Madya]] [[Michael Noonan]]
| commander3 = Vice Admiral [[David Johnston (admiral)|David Johnston]]
| commander3_label = [[ViceKepala ChiefAngkatan of the Defence Force (Australia)|Vice Chief of the Defence Force]]Laut
| commander4 = [[Vice admiral (Australia)|Vice Admiral]] [[Michael Noonan (admiral)|Michael Noonan]]
| commander4_label = [[Chief of Navy (Australia)|Chief of Navy]]
| commander5 = Rear Admiral [[Mark Hammond (admiral)|Mark Hammond]]
| commander5_label = [[Deputy Chief of Navy (Australia)|Deputy Chief of Navy]]
| commander6 = Rear Admiral [[Jonathan Mead]]
| commander6_label = [[Commander Australian Fleet]]<!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
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| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon = [[Sikorsky MH-60R]]
| aircraft_trainer = [[Bell 429 GlobalRanger]]
| aircraft_transport = | identification_symbol = [[NHIndustriesBerkas:Naval Ensign of NH90Australia.svg|center|120px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Bendera
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol = [[File:Naval Ensign of Australia.svg|200px|border]]
| identification_symbol_2 = [[FileBerkas:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|200pxcenter|border120px]]
| identification_symbol_label = [[Australian White Ensign|Naval ensign]] (1967–present)
| identification_symbol_2_label = Naval[[Bendera jackkapal]]
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|200px|border]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Naval jack
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
|native_name=Royal Australian Navy}}
}}
 
'''Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Australia''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: '''Royal Australian Navy/RAN''') adalah [[navy|cabang kelautan]] dari [[Angkatan Bersenjata Australia]]. Mengikuti [[Federasi Australia]] dipada tahun 1901, kapal-kapal dan sumber daya dari [[ColonialAngkatan navieslaut ofkolonial Australia|angkatan laut kolonial]] yang terpisah diintegrasikan ke dalam sebuah angkatan nasional, dinamai '''Commonwealth Naval Forces'''. Pada awalnya ditujukan untuk pertahanan lokal, angkatan laut dianugerahi nama 'Angkatan Laut Australia' padah tahun 1911, dan semakin terlibat dalam pertahanan wilayah.
 
[[Skuadron Australia]] Kerajaan Inggris [[Angkatan Laut Britania Raya|Royal Navy]] ditugaskan ke [[Australia Station]] dan menyediakan dukungan ke RAN. Pemerintah Australia dan [[Selandia Baru]] membantu mendanai Skuadron Australia sampai 1913, sementara Admiralty berkomitmen menjaga Skuadron pada suatu kekuatan tetap.<ref name=Oxcom>{{cite book |last=Dennis |first=Peter |author2=Grey, Jeffrey|author3= Morris, Ewan|author4= Prior, Robin |title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, VIC |date=2008 |edition=2 |isbn=978-0-19-551784-2 |oclc=271822831}}</ref> Skuadron Australia dibubarkan pada 4 Oktober 1913, ketika kapal-kapal RAN memasuki Pelabuhan Sydney untuk pertama kali.<ref name=Oxcom/>
 
Royal Navy tetap menyediakan kapabilitas pertahanan [[Blue-waterAngkatan navylaut perairan biru|laut biru]] di PasificPasifik sampai dengan tahun-tahun awal Perang Dunia II. Kemudian, ekspansi masa perang yang laju menghadirkan akuisisi [[kapal permukaan]] yang besar dan pembangunan banyak kapal perang yang lebih kecil. Dalam dekade setelah perang, RAN mengadakan sejumlah kecil [[kapal induk]] pengangkut pesawat, paling akhir [[Paid off|diadakan]] pada tahun 1982.
 
Saat ini, RAN terdiri dari 48 kapal yang dibangun, 3 kapal yang tidak dibangun, dan lebih dari 16.000 personil. Angkatan laut ini adalah salah satu yang terbesar dan paling canggingcanggih di [[Pacific Rim|wilayah Pasifik]] Selatan, dengan kehadiran yang signifikan di Laut Hindia dan operasi di seluruh dunia dalam mendukung kampanye militer dan misi-misi perdamaian. [[Chief of Navy (Australia)|Panglima Angkatan Laut]] saat ini adalah Vice Admiral [[Michael Noonan (admiral)|Michael Noonan]].
 
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==History==
{{Main|History of the Royal Australian Navy}}
The Commonwealth Naval Forces were established on 1 March 1901, two months after the [[federation of Australia]], when [[Colonial navies of Australia|the naval forces of the separate Australian colonies]] were amalgamated. A period of uncertainty followed as the policy makers sought to determine the newly established force's requirements and purpose, with the debate focusing upon whether Australia's naval force would be structured mainly for local defence or whether it would be designed to serve as a fleet unit within a larger imperial force, controlled centrally by the British [[Admiralty]].<ref name=Dennis516>Dennis et al 1995, p. 516.</ref> In 1908&ndash;091908–09, the decision was made to pursue a compromise solution, and the Australian government agreed to establish a force that would be used for local defence but which would be capable of forming a fleet unit within the imperial naval strategy, albeit without central control. As a result, the navy's force structure was set at "one battlecruiser, three light cruisers, six destroyers and three submarines".<ref name=Whitley17>Whitley 2000, p. 17.</ref>
 
On 10 July 1911, [[George V|King George V]] granted the service the title of "Royal Australian Navy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/history/feature-histories/ran-brief-history |title=The R.A.N. – A Brief History |last=Stevens |first=David |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=10 August 2013}}</ref> The first of the RAN's new vessels, the destroyer [[HMAS Yarra (D79)|''Yarra'']], was completed in September 1910 and by the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] the majority of the RAN's planned new fleet had been realised.<ref name=Whitley17/> The Australian Squadron was placed under control of the British Admiralty,<ref>Dennis et al 1995, p. 517.</ref> and initially it was tasked with capturing many of Germany's South Pacific colonies and protecting Australian shipping from the [[German East Asia Squadron]]. Later in the war, most of the RAN's major ships operated as part of [[Royal Navy]] forces in the Mediterranean and North Seas, and then later in the Adriatic, and then the Black Sea following the surrender of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=Whitley17/>
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Early in the [[World War II|Second World War]], RAN ships again operated as part of Royal Navy formations, many serving with distinction in the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean]], the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|Red Sea]], the [[Anglo-Iraqi War|Persian Gulf]], the [[Battle of Madagascar|Indian Ocean]], and off the [[Battle of Dakar|West African coast]].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, pp. 69–76.</ref> Following the outbreak of the [[Pacific War]] and the virtual destruction of British naval forces in south-east Asia, the RAN operated more independently, or as part of [[United States Navy]] formations. As the navy took on an even greater role, it was expanded significantly and at its height the RAN was the fourth-largest navy in the world, with 39,650 personnel operating 337 warships.<ref name=Dennis518/> A total of 34 vessels were lost during the war, including three cruisers and four destroyers.<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 93.</ref>
 
After the Second World War, the size of the RAN was again reduced, but it gained new capabilities with the acquisition of two aircraft carriers, [[HMAS Sydney (R17)|''Sydney'']] and [[HMAS Melbourne (R21)|''Melbourne'']].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 94.</ref> The RAN saw action in many [[Cold War]]–era conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region and operated alongside the Royal Navy and United States Navy off Korea, Malaysia, and Vietnam.<ref>Dennis et al 1995, pp. 519–520.</ref> Since the end of the Cold War, the RAN has been part of Coalition forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, operating in support of [[Operation Slipper]] and undertaking counter piracy operations. It was also deployed in support of Australian peacekeeping operations in [[INTERFET|East Timor]] and the [[RAMSI|Solomon Islands]].<ref name=workingpaper>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081723/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |title=Database of Royal Australian Navy Operations, 1990&ndash;20051990–2005 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |series=Working Paper No. 18 |archivedate=27 February 2012 |accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref>
 
==RAN today==
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The [[Warrant Officer of the Navy]] (WO-N) is an appointment held by the most senior sailor in the RAN, and holds the rank of warrant officer (WO). However, the WO-N does not wear the WO rank insignia; instead, they wear the special insignia of the appointment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/about/senior-leadership-group |title=Defence Leaders: Navy |publisher=www.defence.gov.au |accessdate=10 August 2013}}</ref> The WO-N appointment has similar equivalent appointments in the other services, each holding the rank of warrant officer, each being the most senior sailor/soldier/airman in that service, and each wearing their own special insignia rather than their rank insignia. The Australian Army equivalent is the [[Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army]] (RSM-A)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.army.gov.au/Who-we-are/Leaders/Regimental-Sergeant-Major-Army |title=Regimental Sergeant Major – Army |publisher=www.army.gov.au |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609091654/http://www.army.gov.au/Who-we-are/Leaders/Regimental-Sergeant-Major-Army |archivedate=9 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the Royal Australian Air Force equivalent is the [[Warrant Officer of the Air Force]] (WOFF-AF).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforce.gov.au/leaders/woff-af.aspx |title=Warrant Officer of the Air Force |publisher=www.airforce.gov.au}}</ref>
 
==SeeLihat alsojuga==
{{Portal|Royal Australian Navy|Military of Australia}}
* [[Australian Navy Cadets]]
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* [[Battle and theatre honours of the Royal Australian Navy]]
* [[Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine]]
-->== Struktur ==
 
=== Struktur komando ===
==References==
Struktur komando strategis RAN dirombak selama perubahan Angkatan Laut Generasi Baru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Spirit of the Navy|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Semaphore_2009_5.pdf}}</ref> RAN diperintahkan melalui Markas Besar Angkatan Laut (NHQ) di [[Canberra]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Navy Strategic Command|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/about/organisation/navstratcom}}</ref> Kepala profesionalnya adalah Kepala Angkatan Laut (CN), yang berpangkat [[Laksamana Madya TNI|laksamana madya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior Leadership Team|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/about/senior-leadership-team}}</ref> Markas Besar bertanggung jawab untuk menerapkan keputusan kebijakan yang diturunkan dari [[Departemen Pertahanan (Australia)|Departemen Pertahanan]] dan untuk mengawasi masalah taktis dan operasional yang menjadi lingkup komando bawahan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defence Organisational Structure Chart|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/docs/DefenceOrgChart.pdf}}</ref>
===Notes===
{{reflist|30em}}
 
Di bawah NHQ ada dua komando bawahan:
===Bibliography===
 
* Komando Armada : Komando Armada dipimpin oleh Komandan Armada Australia (COMAUSFLT). COMAUSFLT berpangkat [[Laksamana Muda|laksamana muda]]; sebelumnya, jabatan ini adalah ''Flag Officer Commanding HM's Australian Fleet'' (FOCAF), yang dibuat pada tahun 1911,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-03|title=C L Cumberlege|url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bob.cumberbatch/C%20L%20Cumberlege.htm|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-10-18|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185328/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bob.cumberbatch/C%20L%20Cumberlege.htm|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> tetapi judulnya diubah pada tahun 1988 menjadi Maritime Commander Australia. Pada tanggal 1 Februari 2007, gelar berubah lagi, menjadi Komandan Armada Australia. Komandan di laut yang dinominasikan adalah ''Commodore Warfare'' (COMWAR), seorang komandan kelompok tugas yang dapat disebarkan dengan bintang satu. Komando armada bertanggung jawab kepada CN untuk komando penuh aset yang ditugaskan, dan komando Operasi Gabungan untuk penyediaan pasukan siap operasional.
* Komando Strategis Angkatan Laut: elemen administratif yang mengawasi kebutuhan pelatihan, teknik dan dukungan logistik RAN. Dilembagakan pada tahun 2000, Komandan Sistem diangkat pada pangkat komodor; pada Juni 2008, posisinya ditingkatkan menjadi pangkat laksamana belakang.
 
===Notes Armada ===
Angkatan Laut Australia memiliki hampir 50 kapal yang ditugaskan dan lebih dari 16.000 personel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Royal Australian Navy|url=https://www.navy.gov.au/fleet}}</ref> Kapal yang ditugaskan ke RAN diberi awalan HMAS (''Her Majesty's Australian Ship''/Kapal Yang Mulia Australia).
 
RAN memiliki dua pangkalan utama untuk armadanya: yang pertama, Pangkalan Armada Timur, terletak di HMAS Kuttabul, [[Sydney]] dan yang kedua, Pangkalan Armada Barat, terletak di HMAS Stirling, dekat [[Perth, Australia Barat|Perth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fleet Base East|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/establishments/fleet-base-east}}</ref> Selain itu, tiga pangkalan lainnya adalah rumah bagi sebagian besar kapal perang kecil RAN: HMAS Cairns, di [[Cairns]], HMAS Coonawarra, di [[Darwin, Wilayah Utara|Darwin]], dan HMAS Waterhen, di [[Sydney]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=HMAS Cairns|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/establishments/hmas-cairns}}</ref>
 
== Personel ==
Pada Juni 2011, RAN memiliki 14.215 personel tetap, 161 personel ''gap year'', dan 2.150 personel cadangan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-08|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/budget/11-12/pbs/2011-2012_Defence_PBS_Complete.pdf|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-10-18|archive-date=2011-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908115637/http://www.defence.gov.au/budget/11-12/pbs/2011-2012_Defence_PBS_Complete.pdf|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Pasukan penuh waktu permanen terdiri dari 3.357 perwira yang ditugaskan, dan 10.697 personel tamtama. Pada bulan Juni 2010, personel laki-laki membentuk 82% dari angkatan tetap penuh waktu, sementara personel perempuan mencapai 18%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defence Annual Report 2009-2010, Appendix 7, Table A7.3|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Budget/09-10/dar/index.htm}}</ref> RAN memiliki persentase wanita tertinggi di [[Angkatan Bersenjata Australia|ADF]], dibandingkan dengan [[Angkatan Udara Australia|RAAF]] 17,8% dan Angkatan Darat 9,7%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defence Annual Report 2009-2010, Appendix 7, Table A7.3|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Budget/09-10/dar/index.htm}}</ref>
 
== Galeri ==
<gallery widths="170" heights="120" class="center">
Berkas:HMAS Canberra arrives at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam for RIMPAC 2016.jpg|Kapal pendaratan helikopter kelas Canberra
Berkas:HMAS Collins Kockums photo.jpg|[[Kapal selam serbu]] kelas Collins
Berkas:HMAS Hobart December 2017.jpg|[[Kapal perusak kelas Hobart]]
Berkas:HMAS Perth entering Pearl Harbor in June 2012.jpg|Kapal [[fregat]] kelas Anzac
Berkas:CIS Department Halifax.jpg|Pelaut AL Kerajaan Australia dari HMAS ''Sydney'', 2009
Berkas:Safety briefing aboard HMAS Tobruk in 2010.jpg|Pelaut AL Kerajaan Australia di [[HMAS Tobruk (L 50)|HMAS ''Tobruk'']], 2010
Berkas:CDT-1.jpg|Pasukan ''clearance divers'' saat [[latihan RIMPAC]]
Berkas:US Navy 050606-N-1825E-002 U.S and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Sailors aboard the guided missile cruiser USS Normandy (CG 60), stand side-by-side to honor World War II D-Day veterans during an early evening memorial ceremony.jpg|Pelaut AL Kerajaan Australia dalam upacara bersama [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat|AL Amerika Serikat]]
</gallery>
 
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist|30em3Dem}}
 
=== Daftar pustaka ===
* {{cite book|last1=Dennis|first1=Peter|last2=Grey|first2=Jeffrey|authorlink2=Jeffrey Grey |last3=Morris|first3=Ewan|last4=Prior|first4=Robin|year=1995 |title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Melbourne |isbn=0-19-553227-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy |year=2004 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=Crows Nest, New South Wales |isbn=1-74114-233-4}}
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* {{cite book |last=Whitley |first=M. J. |title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000 |origyear=1988 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=1-85409-521-8 }}
 
== Pranala luar ==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Royal Australian Navy}}
* [http://www.navy.gov.au/ Royal Australian Navy home page]
** [http://www.navy.gov.au/fleet/ships-boats-craft/available-ship-histories Historical listing of RAN ships]
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/australia/royal_australian_navy_main_page.htm Maritimequest Royal Australian Navy photo gallery]
* [http://www.navy.gov.au/about/senior-leadership-group Biographies of senior RAN officers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514144405/http://www.navy.gov.au/about/senior-leadership-group |date=2015-05-14 }}
* [http://www.naval-history.net/ Royal and Dominion Navies in World War II, Campaigns, Battles, Warship losses]
* [http://www.defence.gov.au/PayAndConditions/ADF/chapter-1/Part-4/default.asp ADF Pay & Conditions Manual - Equivalent ranks and classifications]
 
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