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'''Peristiwa kepunahan Trias-JuraTrias–Jura''' merupakan [[peristiwa kepunahan]] yang terjadi pada masazaman [[Trias]] akhir dan [[jura (periode)|Jura]] awal, dan merupakan salah satu peristiwa kepunahan besar selama [[eon]] [[Fanerozoikum]]. Peristiwa ini sangat mempengaruhi kehidupan di daratan dan lautan. Di lautan, seluruh [[kelas (biologi)|kelas]] ''[[Conodont]]''<ref>[http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/geo/16986180/articulos/JIGE9696120347A.PDF The extinction of conodonts —in terms of discrete elements— at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary]</ref> dan 34% [[genus (biologi)|genera]] laut mengalami kepunahan.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Graham Ryder |author2=David E. Fastovsky |author3=Stefan Gartner |title=The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History|date=1996|publisher=Geological Society of America|isbn=9780813723075|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAup0TOL09gC&pg=PA19}}</ref> Di daratan, semua ''[[Archosaurus]]'' yang bukan ''[[Crocodylomorpha]]'' (''[[Sphenosuchia]]'' dan ''[[Crocodyliformes]]'') dan ''[[Avemetatarsalia]]'' ([[pterosaurus]] dan [[dinosaurus]]), beberapa [[therapsida]] yang tersisa, dan [[amfibi]]-amfibi besar juga punah.
 
== Dampak ==
Paling tidak setengah spesies yang hidup pada masazaman ini mengalami kepunahan, sehingga mengosongkan [[Relung (ekologi)|relung ekologi]] daratan dan memberi ruang bagi [[dinosaurus]] untuk menjadi makhluk yang dominan pada periode [[Jura (periode)|Jura]]. Peristiwa ini berlangsung selama kurang dari 10.000 tahun dan terjadi sebelum pecahnya benua [[Pangaea]].
 
Di lautan, analisis statistik kepunahan pada masazaman ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan keanekaragaman lebih disebabkan oleh berkurangnya proses [[spesiasi]] daripada kepunahan.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Bambach | first=R.K. | last2=Knoll | first2=A.H. | last3=Wang | first3=S.C. | title=Origination, extinction, and mass depletions of marine diversity | journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] | volume=30 | issue=4 | pages=522–542 | date=December 2004 | url=http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&issn=0094-8373&volume=30&page=522 | doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0522:OEAMDO>2.0.CO;2 | postscript=<!--None--> | issn=0094-8373 }}</ref>
 
== Penyebab ==
Terdapat beberapa [[hipotesis]] yang berupaya menjelaskan penyebab peristiwa ini, tetapi jawaban sesungguhnya masih belum pasti:
* Perubahan iklim secara perlahan, fluktuasi tingkat permukaan laut atau pengasaman samudra<ref>T.M. Quan, B. van de Schootbrugge, M.P. Field, "Nitrogen isotope and trace metal analyses from the Mingolsheim core (Germany): Evidence for redox variations across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary", ''Global Biogeochemical Cycles'', '''22''' 2008: "a series of events resulting in a long period of stratification, deep-water hypoxia, and denitrification in this region of the Tethys Ocean basin"; M. Hautmann, M.J. Benton, A. Toma, "Catastrophic ocean acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary", ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie'' '''249'''.1, July 2008:119-127.</ref> pada periode [[Trias]] akhir mencapai titik kritis, namun hipotesis ini tidak menjelaskan mengapa kepunahan di samudra terjadi secara mendadak.
* Tubrukan [[asteroid]], tetapi hingga kini belum ditemukan kawah yang cukup besar yang berasal dari periode batas Trias-Jura.
:[[Kawah Rochechouart]] di Perancis[[Prancis]] baru-baru ini diketahui berasal dari 201&nbsp;±2 juta tahun yang lalu,<ref name = "Schmieder">{{cite journal
|last = Schmieder | first = M. | authorlink = |author2=Buchner, E. |author3=Schwarz, W. H. |author4=Trieloff, M. |author5=Lambert, P.
|title = A Rhaetian <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age for the Rochechouart impact structure (France) and implications for the latest Triassic sedimentary record
|journal = [[Meteoritics & Planetary Science]] | volume = 45| issue = 8 | pages = 1225–1242
|publisher = | location = | date = 2010-10-05 | language =
|doi = 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01070.x
|bibcode = 2010M&PS...45.1225S }}</ref> buttetapi atdengan diameter 25&nbsp;km across (possibly up to 50&nbsp;km across originally), appearsmungkin tokawah beini tooterlalu smallkecil.<ref name = "RSmith">{{cite journal
|last = Smith | first = Roff |title = Dark days of the Triassic: Lost world
|journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 479| issue = 7373 | pages = 287–289
|publisher = | location =
|date = 2011-11-16 | language =
|url = http://www.nature.com/news/dark-days-of-the-triassic-lost-world-1.9375
|doi = 10.1038/479287a
|accessdate = 2011-11-18|bibcode = 2011Natur.479..287S | pmid=22094671}}</ref> Namun, tubrukanTubrukan yang menghasilkan [[waduk Manicouagan]] terjadi sekitar 12 juta tahun sebelum peristiwa kepunahan ini, dan kawah Rochechouart diduga dihasilkan oleh pecahan peubrukpenubruk yang sama.
* LetusakLetusan vulkanik besar-besaran, khususnya [[banjir basal]] di [[Provinsi Magmatik Atlantik Tengah]], akan melepaskan [[karbon dioksida]] atau [[sulfur dioksida]] dan [[aeorosol]] yang akan memicu pemanasan (dari karbon dioksida) atau pendinginan global (dari sulfur dioksida)).<ref>{{cite journal|first=L. H.|last=Tanner|title=Stability of atmospheric {{CO2}} levels across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary|journal=Nature|volume=411|date=7 June 2001|pages=675–677|doi=10.1038/35079548|pmid=11395765|issue=6838|author2=J. F. Hubert|author3=B. P. Coffey|display-authors=2|last4=McInerney|first4=Dennis P.}}</ref><ref name=blackburn2013>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1234204|pmid= 23519213 |last= Blackburn |first=Terrence J.|last2= Olsen |first2= Paul E. |last3= Bowring |first3= Samuel A. |last4= McLean |first4= Noah M.|last5= Kent |first5= Dennis V |last6= Puffer |first6= John |last7= McHone |first7= Greg |last8= Rasbury |first8= Troy |last9= Et-Touhami7|first9= Mohammed |ref=CITEREFBlackburnOlsenBowringMcLean2013 |year=2013|title= Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Links the End-Triassic Extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province |journal= Science |volume=340|issue= 6135 |pages=941–945 |bibcode= 2013Sci...340..941B }}</ref>
 
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 33:
* {{cite journal|first=J. C.|last= McElwain|author2=D. J. Beerling |authorlink2 = David Beerling|author3=F. I. Woodward |title=Fossil Plants and Global Warming at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary|journal=Science|date= 27 August 1999|volume=285|pages=1386–1390|pmid=10464094|issue=5432 | doi=10.1126/science.285.5432.1386 }}
* McHone, J.G. (2003), Volatile emissions of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province basalts: Mass assumptions and environmental consequences, in Hames, W.E. et al., eds., ''The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea''. American Geophysical Union Monograph 136, p.&nbsp;241-254.
* {{cite journal|first=L.H.|last= Tanner |author2=S.G. Lucas |author3=M.G. Chapman|title=Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|issue=1–2|year=2004|pages=103–139|doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5|volume=65|bibcode=2004ESRv...65..103T}}[http://museums.state.nm.us/nmmnh/pdf_files/TJB.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060306225005/http://museums.state.nm.us/nmmnh/pdf_files/TJB.pdf |date=2006-03-06 }}
* {{cite journal |last = Whiteside |first = Jessica H. |author2 = Paul E. Olsen |author3 = Timothy Eglinton |author4 = Michael E. Brookfield |author5 = Raymond N. Sambrotto |date = March 22, 2010 |title = Compound-specific carbon isotopes from Earth's largest flood basalt eruptions directly linked to the end-Triassic mass extinction |journal = [[PNAS]] |volume = 107 |issue =15 15 |pages = 6721–5 |url = http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/03/15/1001706107 |accessdate = |doi = 10.1073/pnas.1001706107 |pmid = 20308590 |pmc = 2872409 |bibcode = 2010PNAS..107.6721W |archive-date = 2012-04-21 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/674qeqLyL?url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/03/15/1001706107 |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite journal|first=M.H.L.|last=Deenen |author2=M. Ruhl |author3=N.R. Bonis |author4=W. Krijgsman |author5=W. Kuerscher |author6=M. Reitsma |author7=M.J. van Bergen |title=A new chronology for the end-Triassic mass extinction |journal=EPSL |year=2010}}
* {{Cite journal |author=Tetsuji Onoue |author2=Honami Sato |author3=Daisuke Yamashita |author4=Minoru Ikehara |author5=Kazutaka Yasukawa |author6=Koichiro Fujinaga |author7=Yasuhiro Kato |author8=Atsushi Matsuoka |authorlink= |coauthors= |date =2016-07-08 |title=Bolide impact triggered the Late Triassic extinction event in equatorial Panthalassa |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |id= |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep29609 |accessdate= |quote= }}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Triassic/triextict.htm Theories on the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801065542/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/triassic/triextict.htm |date=2017-08-01 }}
* [http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/impact/news_detail.cfm?ID=23&keyword=250 The Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720234639/http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/impact/news_detail.cfm?ID=23&keyword=250 |date=2009-07-20 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15272230 200 million year old mystery] BBC News story, 12-Oct-2011
 
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[[Kategori:Peristiwa kepunahan]]
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[[Kategori:Peristiwa Trias]]
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