Hubungan luar negeri Kepulauan Cook: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:Diplomatic relations of Cook Islands.svg|thumb|614x614px|Peta hubungan diplomatik Kepulauan Cook]]
[[Kepulauan Cook]] menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan berbagai negara dan merupakan anggota organisasi [[Multilateralisme|multilateral]]. Walaupun negara tersebut [[Status politik Kepulauan Cook dan Niue|berasosiasi bebas]] dengan [[Selandia Baru]], Kepulauan Cook tetap membuat perjanjian kerjasama dengan negara lain serta berinteraksi dengan komunitas internasional sebagai negara yang berdaulat dan merdeka.<ref name="clause4">[http://www.mfai.gov.ck/attachments/068_WELLINGTON-1129712-v1-CookIslands%20%20Constitutional%20Status%20and%20International%20Personality%20%20informationpaper.pdf Joint Centenary Declaration of the Principles of the Relationship between New Zealand and the Cook Islands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000423/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/attachments/068_WELLINGTON-1129712-v1-CookIslands%20%20Constitutional%20Status%20and%20International%20Personality%20%20informationpaper.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, clause 4; signed by the Prime Minister of New Zealand and the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands at Rarotonga on 11 June 2001. Retrieved 30 October 2015.</ref>
== Sejarah ==
Pada 1980-an Kepulauan Cook menjadi anggota beberapa badan khusus [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]: [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] pada 1984, [[Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian]] dan [[Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]] pada 1985, dan [[Organisasi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional]] pada 1986. ''Perbendaharaan Praktik Organ-organ Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa'' mencatat bahwa pada tahun 1988 Selandia Baru menyatakan "bahwa partisipasinya di masa depan dalam perjanjian internasional tidak akan lagi meluas ke Kepulauan Cook..."<ref name="para11">[http://legal.un.org/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf#xml=http://legal.un.org/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&DocId=1206&Index=D%3a%5csites%5clegal%5crepertory%5cdtSearch%5cIndexes%5cEnglish%2dAnglais%2dIngles%2dRepertory&HitCount=20&hits=1049+104a+105c+105d+107f+1080+1085+1086+10a6+10a7+10bc+10bd+1103+1104+110a+110b+1134+1135+1158+1159+&.pdf Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI at para 11] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223055/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |date=2013-10-19 }}</ref> Pada tahun 1991 Kepulauan Cook menjadi anggota penuh [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Konferensi PBB]] tentang Lingkungan dan Pembangunan (UNCED ) Komite Persiapan dan Komite Negosiasi Antar Pemerintah untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja tentang Perubahan Iklim (INC), yang digambarkan oleh ''Repertory of Practice'' sebagai "bukti lebih lanjut bahwa komunitas internasional telah menerima Kepulauan Cook sebagai "Negara" di bawah hukum internasional".<ref name="para11" /> Oleh karena itu, [[Sekretariat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] "mengakui kapasitas penuh pembuatan perjanjian Kepulauan Cook" pada tahun 1992.<ref name="para11" /> Sekretaris Jenderal
== Hubungan diplomatik ==
Pada November 2018, Kepulauan Cook memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan 52 negara. Pada tahun 2000 pemerintah Kepulauan Cook menandatangani [[Perjanjian Cotonou|Perjanjian Kemitraan Cotonou]] antara [[Uni Eropa]] dan [[Kelompok Daerah Afrika, Karibia, dan Pasifik|Kelompok Negara-negara Afrika, Karibia dan Pasifik]] (ACP).
Setelah penandatanganan perjanjian ini, Pemerintah Kepulauan Cook membentuk perwakilan untuk UE di [[Brussel]]. Pada tahun 2002 perwakilan ini ditingkatkan menjadi misi diplomatik penuh dengan akreditasi ke Uni Eropa. Pembentukan misi ini menandai perkembangan penting dalam [[hubungan internasional]] Kepulauan Cook yang mewakili misi diplomatik penuh pertama yang didirikan oleh Kepulauan Cook di luar negara-negara Pasifik.
Berikut negara-negara yang telah menjalin hubungan diplomatik formal dengan Kepulauan Cook:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/foreign-affairs.html |title=Foreign Affairs |date=2015 |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration |access-date=2015-10-08 |publisher=Cook Islands Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018090642/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/foreign-affairs.html |archive-date=2015-10-18 }}</ref>
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*{{Flag|Tonga}} 18 November 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cookislandsnews.com/national/politics/item/49268-diplomatic-relations-with-all-pacific-island-forum-members-complete |title=Diplomatic relations with all Pacific Island Forum members complete |access-date=2015-10-09 |website=Cook Islands News |date=2014-11-20}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Tuvalu}} 2013<ref name="pac-rel"/>
*{{Flag|Vanuatu}} 30 Juli 1980<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mofa.gov.vu/index.php/en/foreign-affairs/divisions/asia-pacific-division.html|title=Asia/Pacific Division|access-date=2022-09-22|archive-date=2017-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517073408/http://mofa.gov.vu/index.php/en/foreign-affairs/divisions/asia-pacific-division.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> atau 2013<ref name="pac-rel"/>
=== Eropa ===
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*{{Flag|Indonesia}} 12 Juli 2019<ref>{{cite news |last1=Association |first1=Pacific Islands News |title=Cook Islands establish diplomatic relations with Indonesia |url=http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=10508510355d2bfdcabcaed525127d |access-date=15 July 2019 |work=Pina |date=14 July 2019}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Israel}} April 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/news/19-general/192-visit-by-israeli-ambassador.html |title=Visit by Israeli Ambassador |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration |date=2012-06-15 |access-date=2015-10-09 |publisher=Cook Islands Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023050342/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/news/19-general/192-visit-by-israeli-ambassador.html |archive-date=2015-10-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://embassies.gov.il/WELLINGTON/RELATIONS/Pages/Cook-Islands.aspx |title=The Cook Islands |author=Embassy Of Israel In New Zealand |date=2017-10-07 |access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Jepang}} 16 Juni 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nz.emb-japan.go.jp/documents/Establishment%20of%20diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Japan%20and%20the%20Cook%20Islands%20and%20courtesy%20call%20%20Mr%20Takeaki%20Matsumoto.pdf |title=Establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Cook Islands and a courtesy call by Mr Takeaki Matsumoto, Foreign Minister of Japan to Hon Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands |publisher=Embassy of Japan in New Zealand |access-date=2015-10-09 |date=2011-06-20}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|
*{{Flag|Korea Selatan}} 22 Februari 2013<ref>[http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/10/120_122925.html Korea, Cook Islands to establish diplomatic ties by year's end]: "Korea will establish diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands in the South Pacific Ocean by the end of this year, making it the 190th country with which Seoul will have diplomatic ties", 2012-10-23</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130218000716 |title=Korea, Cook Islands to begin diplomatic ties |access-date=2015-10-08 |date=2013-02-18 |website=The Korea Herald |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231212/http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130218000716 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
*{{Flag|Kuwait}} 8 Desember 2021<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 December 2021|title=Kuwait signs a joint statement with the Cook Islands to establish diplomatic relations|url=https://irshadgul.com/kuwait-signs-a-joint-statement-with-the-cook-islands-to-establish-diplomatic-relations/|access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Malaysia}} 2 Mei 1992
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=== Amerika ===
*{{Flag|Antigua dan Barbuda}} 9 November 2017<ref>{{cite news |url=https://antiguachronicle.net/antigua-and-barbuda-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-cook-islands/ |title=Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Cook Islands |date=2017-11-15 |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=Antigua Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116075025/https://antiguachronicle.net/antigua-and-barbuda-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-cook-islands/ |archive-date=2017-11-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{Flag|Brazil}} 21 Agustus 2015<ref>{{Citation|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF2CMgoIA7Q|access-date = 2015-09-01|title = Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Brazil and the Cook Islands}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Chili}} 3 Agustus 2016 atau sebelumnya<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.facebook.com/mfaicookislands/photos/a.411410665691846.1073741829.252224024943845/639492036217040/?type=3 |title=...presented their credentials to the Queens Representative |date=2016-08-04 |access-date=2017-10-11 |publisher=Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Jamaika}} 14 Mei 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Jamaica |year=2014 |access-date=2016-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=2016-03-08 }}</ref>
*{{Flag|Kuba}} 2 September 2002
*{{Flag|Peru}} September 2017<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cookislandsnews.com/national/local/item/66154-cook-islands-formalises-links-with-third-latin-nation/66154-cook-islands-formalises-links-with-third-latin-nation?tmpl=component&print=1 |title=Cook Islands formalises links with third Latin nation |date=2017-10-06 |access-date=2017-10-08 |publisher=Cook Islands News |archive-date=2017-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232138/http://www.cookislandsnews.com/national/local/item/66154-cook-islands-formalises-links-with-third-latin-nation/66154-cook-islands-formalises-links-with-third-latin-nation?tmpl=component&print=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.facebook.com/mfaicookislands/photos/a.411410665691846.1073741829.252224024943845/869771546522420/?type=3&theater |title=The Cook Islands expand relations with Latin American countries |date=2017-10-05 |access-date=2017-10-09 |publisher=Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration}}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
*{{Flag|Afrika Selatan}} 9 Februari 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Cook Islandss |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/cook.html |website=dirco.gov.za |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
== Hubungan Konsuler ==
Negara-negara berikut telah menjalin hubungan konsuler dengan Kepulauan Cook saja.
*{{Flag|Monaco}} 2007 atau sebelumnya{{#tag:ref|[[Konsul|Konsul Kehormatan]] Kepulauan Cook ditunjuk dan diakui di Monako sejak 2007 atau sebelumnya.<ref>[http://cookislands.de/index.php?did=Journal_de_Monaco_Ordonnance_Souveraine_No._1.259_du_10_aout_2007_(www.gouv.mc).pdf Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.259 du 10 août 2007 auto risant à exercer les fonctions de Consul honoraire des Iles Cook dans Notre Principauté. (Journal de Monaco Bulletin Officiel de la Principautè)]</ref><ref>[http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/contact-us/overseas-offices/64-principality-of-monaco.html Honorary Consul in Monaco] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130103229/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/contact-us/overseas-offices/64-principality-of-monaco.html |date=2016-01-30 }}</ref>|group="note"}}
*{{Flag|Panama}} 2016 atau sebelumnya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy14680/ |title=Consulate of the Cook Islands in Panama City, Panama |year=2016 |website=EmbassyPages.com |access-date=2016-01-25}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Amerika Serikat}} 22 February 1995 or before{{#tag:ref|Konsul Kehormatan Kepulauan Cook di [[Los Angeles]] diakui oleh Amerika Serikat sejak 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/fco/188361.htm#cookislands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926093322/http://www.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/fco/188361.htm#cookislands |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-26 |title=Foreign Consular Offices in the United States |access-date=2015-01-23 |date=2012-04-20 |publisher= U.S. State Department}}</ref>|group="note"}}
== Partisipasi organisasi internasional ==
[[File:43rd Pacific43rd Pacific Islands Forum, Cook Islands. Islands Forum, Cook Islands. (10656271245).jpg|thumb|Forum Kepulauan Pasifik ke-43, di Kepulauan Cook, 2012]]
*[[Kelompok Daerah Afrika, Karibia, dan Pasifik|ACP]], [[Aliansi Negara Pulau Kecil|AOSIS]], [[Bank Pembangunan Asia|AsDB]], [[Komisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Asia dan Pasifik|ESCAP]] (asosiasi), [[Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian|FAO]], [[Organisasi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional|ICAO]], [[Organisasi Maritim Internasional|IMO]], [[Mahkamah Pidana Internasional|ICC]], [[Konfederasi Internasional Serikat Buruh Bebas|ICFTU]], [[Dana Internasional untuk Pengembangan Pertanian|IFAD]], [[Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional|ILO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fijione.tv/cook-islands-joins-ilo/ |title=Cook Islands joins ILO |author=Zabeena |date=2015-06-22 |access-date=2015-10-08 |publisher=Fiji Television Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015103049/http://fijione.tv/cook-islands-joins-ilo/ |archive-date=2015-10-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional|IOC]], [[Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia|OPCW]], [[Forum Kepulauan Pasifik]], [[Federasi Internasional Perhimpunan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah|Palang Merah/Bulan Sabit Merah]], [[Komisi Geosains Terapan Pasifik Selatan]], [[Perjanjian Kerjasama Perdagangan dan Ekonomi Regional Pasifik Selatan|Sparteca]], [[Sekretariat Komunitas Pasifik|SPC]] , [[Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]], [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia|WHO]], [[Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia|WMO]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cook-islands/ |title=The World Factbook 2020: Cook Islands |publisher=CIA |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>
*[[Persemakmuran]] – Kepulauan Cook adalah bagian dari Persemakmuran, tetapi bukan negara anggota, karena berkaitan dengan Selandia Baru yang keanggotaan Persemakmurannya meliputi Kepulauan Cook, [[Niue]], dan [[Tokelau]], serta Selandia Baru itu sendiri.
*Pada bulan November 2011, Kepulauan Cook adalah salah satu dari delapan anggota pendiri [[Kelompok Pemimpin Polinesia]], sebuah kelompok regional yang dimaksudkan untuk bekerja sama dalam berbagai masalah termasuk budaya dan bahasa, pendidikan, tanggapan terhadap perubahan iklim, serta perdagangan dan [[investasi]].<ref>[http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2011/09/nz-may-be-invited-to-join-proposed-polynesian-triangle-ginger-group/ "NZ may be invited to join proposed ‘Polynesian Triangle’ ginger group"], Pacific Scoop, 19 September 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=64516 "New Polynesian Leaders Group formed in Samoa"], Radio New Zealand International, 18 November 2011</ref><ref name="Savali">{{cite news |title=American Samoa joins Polynesian Leaders Group, MOU signed |url=https://www.samoanews.com/american-samoa-joins-poly-leaders-group-mou-signed |access-date=30 July 2020 |work=Samoa News |agency=Savalii |date=20 November 2011}}</ref>
*Kepulauan Cook berpartisipasi dalam [[Organisasi Maritim Internasional]], badan pengatur PBB untuk perdagangan pengiriman.
== Partisipasi dalam perjanjian dan konvensi internasional ==
Terlibat pada perjanjian dan konvensi berikut: [[Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati]], [[Perjanjian Cotonou]], [[Konvensi Jenewa]], [[Konvensi Stockholm tentang Polutan Organik Persisten|Proyek POPs]], [[Konvensi PBB untuk Memerangi Penggurunan]], [[Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut|UNCLOS]], [[Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNFCCC]] dan [[protokol Kyoto]]-nya, [[Konvensi tentang Pengakuan dan Penegakan Putusan Arbitrase Asing]], [[Traktat Pelarangan Menyeluruh Uji Coba Nuklir]],{{#tag:ref|Termasuk Perjanjian Fasilitas dengan [[Organisasi Traktat Pelarangan Menyeluruh Uji Coba Nuklir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2000/cook-islands-tenth-state-signatory-to-have-signed-facility-agreement/ |title=Cook Islands tenth State signatory to have signed Facility Agreement |author=CBTO Preparatory Commission |access-date=2015-10-09}}</ref>|group=note}} [[Kode Etik Internasional Menentang Proliferasi Rudal Balistik]], [[Konvensi Senjata Biologi|Konvensi Senjata Biologis]], [[Organisasi Satelit Seluler Internasional|Konvensi Organisasi Satelit Bergerak Internasional]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imso.org/public/MemberStates |title=Member States |author=International Mobile Satellite Organization |date=2015 |access-date=2015-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909235808/http://imso.org/member_states.asp |archive-date=2013-09-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}
== Referensi ==
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