Hirkania: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = Gurgān
|conventional_long_name =
|common_name =
|subdivision = Provinsi
|nation = [[Medes|Median]], [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Akhemeniyah]], [[Kekaisaran Seleukia|Seleukia]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Arsakid]], dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]]
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|capital = [[Gorgan|Zadracarta]]<br/><small>(548 SM–225 M)</small><br/>[[Gonbad-e Kavus|Gurgān]]<br/><small>(225–651 M)</small>
|title_leader =
|image_map = Map of the Achaemenid Empire.jpg
|image_map_caption = Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, dengan Provinsi Hirkania
|life_span =
|year_start = 548 SM
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|today ={{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
}}
'''
Daerah ini berfungsi sebagai sebuah [[
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Gorgan, Iran]]
* [[Mazandaran]]
* [[Gilan]]
* [[Provinsi Golestan]]
== Referensi ==
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* {{cite book | last1 =Boyce| first1 =Mary | first2=Frantz |last2 =Grenet| first3=Roger |last3 =Beck|date=1991 |title=A History of Zoroastrianism: Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman rule|url=https://archive.org/stream/AHistoryOfZoroastrianismVolIiIii/BoyceMaryaHistoryOfZoroastrianismIii_djvu.txt|location= |publisher= | volume = 3|isbn= |author-link= Mary Boyce}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =GŌDARZ| last1 = Boyce| first1 =Mary | first2= A. D. H.|last2 =Bivar| first3=A. Shapur|last3 =Shahbazi | authorlink =Mary Boyce | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/godarz#historical| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2001| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Bruce| first = Frederick Fyvie | authorlink= | editor1 = | title = The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary| volume = | publisher = | location = | date = 1990| url =
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic| last1 = Brunner| first1 =C. J. | first2=|last2 =| first3=|last3 =| authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v2-peoples-pre-islamic| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2004| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last= Chabot |first=Jean-Baptiste |date= 1902|title= Synodicon Orientale|url= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= Jean-Baptiste Chabot}}
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article =CYRUS iii. Cyrus II The Great| last1 = Dandamayev| first1 = M. A. | first2= |last2 = | authorlink = Muhammad Dandamayev| url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iii| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1993| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Debevoise| first = Neilson Carel | authorlink= | editor1 = | title = A Political History of Parthia| volume = | publisher = | location = | date = 1938| url = https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/A_Political_History_of_Parthia.html?id=udybMQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Frye| first = Richard N.| authorlink= Richard N. Frye| editor1 = | title = The Heritage of Persia: The pre-Islamic History of One of the World's Great Civilizations| volume = | publisher = | location = | date = 1963| url =
* {{cite book | last = Frye| first = Richard N.| authorlink= Richard N. Frye| editor1 = | title = The History of Ancient Iran| volume = | publisher = | location = | date = 1983| url = https://archive.org/details/TheHistoryOfAncientIran1983|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =ANDRAGORAS| last1 = Frye| first1 = Richard N.| first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Richard N. Frye | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/andragoras-seleucid-satrap-of-parthia-and-hyrcania-known-primarily-from-his-coins-1| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1985| isbn = |ref=harv}}
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Amminapes| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/person/amminapes/| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2004| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Wall of Alexander| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/place/wall-of-alexander/?| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2005| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = DEPORTATIONS| last1 =Perry | first1 =John R. | first2=A. Shapur |last2 = Shahbazi| first3=Erich |last3 =Kettenhofen|authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1994| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | authorlink= | editor1 = | title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran | volume = | publisher = | location = | date =2008 | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|ref=harv}}
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article =BESṬĀM O BENDŌY| last1 = Shahbazi | first1 =A. Shapur | first2= |last2 = | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bestam-o-bendoy-maternal-uncles-of-kosrow-ii-parvez-and-leading-statesmen-and-soldiers-under-hormozd-iv-and-kosrow-p| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1989| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =YAZDEGERD I| last1 = Shahbazi | first1 =A. Shapur | first2= |last2 = | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazdegerd-i| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2003| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | last1 =Sherwin-White| first1 = Susan M.| first2=Amélie|last2 =Kuhrt| first3=|last3 =|date=1993|title=From Samarkhand to Sardis: A New Approach to the Seleucid Empire|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IZ65PED6ykMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =BARŠABBĀ| last1 = Sims-Williams| first1 =N. | first2= |last2 = | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/barsabba-legendary-bishop-of-marv-and-founder-of-the-christian-church-in-eastern-iran| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1988| isbn = |ref=harv}}
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* {{cite book | last1 =Verstandig| first1 = A. | first2=|last2 =| first3=|last3 =|date=2001|title=Histoire de L’Empire Parthe (-250-227)|url=|location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Alexander the Great| last1 = Walbank| first1 = Frank W. | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =F. W. Walbank | url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-the-Great#ref64047| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica| pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2015| isbn = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | last = Yarshater| first = E. | authorlink = | chapter = Introduction| title = The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (1) | volume= | year = 1983 | publisher = | location=| url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&pg=PA124&dq=Severus,+Ardashir&ei=_EQTSPaZBJHCyQS03tSBCA&sig=2KtkBSoqidkjzcqEuJRCX_OUl2w&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=hyrcania&f=false | editor-first = | editor-last = | isbn = | pages= |ref=harv}}
[[Kategori:Hyrcania| ]]
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