Fulbert Youlou: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name = Fulbert Youlou

| image = Fulbert Youlou 1963.jpg

| caption = Fulbert Youlou pada 1963

| order = [[Daftar kepala negara Republik Kongo|Presiden Republik Kongo]] ke-1

| term_start = 15 Agustus 1960

| term_end = 15 Agustus 1963

| successor = [[Alphonse Massemba-Débat]]

| predecessor = Tidak ada

| order2 = [[Daftar kepala pemerintahan Republik Kongo|Perdana Menteri Republik Kongo]] ke-2

| term_start2 = 8 Desember 1958

| term_end2 = 21 November 1959

| successor2 = Pasca pelengseran, 1959–1963; [[Alphonse Massemba-Débat]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|7|19|df= y}}<ref name= "birth1"/><ref name= "birth2"/><ref name= "birth3"/>

| birth_place = Madibou, [[Republik Kongo|Moyen-Congo]]

| death_date = {{death date and age|df= y|1972|05|06|1917|07|9}}

| death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Spanyol]]

| nationality = [[Republik Kongo|Kongo]]

| party = [[Uni Demokratik untuk Pertahanan Kepentingan Afrika]]

| spouse =

| children =

| religion = [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]]

'''Abbé''' '''Fulbert Youlou''' (9 Juni,<ref name="birth1">In ''African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations'', author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in ''Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire, Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française'' (1962). {{harvp|Matthews|1966|p=169}}; {{citation|author=|title=Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire: Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française|year=1962|publisher=Annuaire Afrique|location=Paris|oclc=11833110}}</ref> 17 Juni<ref name="birth2">In ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience'', [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] and [[K. Anthony Appiah]] list Youlou's date of birth as 17 June 1917. {{harvp|Appiah|Gates|1999|p=2036}}</ref> atai 9 Juli 1917<ref name="birth3">The ''Encyclopedia of World Biography'' by [[Gale (Cengage)|Gale Research Company]] lists Youlou's date of birth as 19 July 1917. {{harvp|Gale Research Company|1999|p=466}}</ref> – 6 Mei 1972) adalah seorang [[politikus]], pemimpin nasionalis dan pendeta [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] [[Brazzaville]]-[[Republik Kongo|Kongo]] yang di[[laisasi]]kan, yang menjadi Presiden Congo-Brazzaville pertama pada masa kemerdekaannya.

* {{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Samir |last2=Coquery-Vidrovitch |first2=Catherine |year=1969 |title=Histoire économique du Congo 1881–1968 |publisher=Éditions Anthropos |id=ASIN B000WID61A |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Boutet |first=Rémy |year=1990 |title=Les trois glorieuses ou la chute de Fulbert Youlou |publisher=Éditions Chaka |series=Collection Afrique contemporaine |isbn=2907768050 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Bernault |first=Florence |title=Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940-1965 |year=1996 |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |isbn=2-86537-636-2 |oclc=36142247 |language=fr |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Bazenguissa-Ganga |first=Rémy |year=1997 |title=Les voies du politique au Congo : essai de sociologie historique |publisher=Éditions Karthala |isbn=978-2-86537-739-8 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Clark |first=John F. |contribution=Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate |editor1-last=Clark |editor1-first=John F. |editor2-last=Gardinier |editor2-first=David E. |year=1997 |title=Political Reform in Francophone Africa |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |location=[[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder, CO]] |isbn=0-8133-2785-7 |oclc=35318507 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Daggs |first=Elisa |title=All Africa: All Its Political Entities of Independent Or Other Status |url=https://archive.org/details/allafricaallitsp0000dagg |year=1970 |publisher=Hastings House |location=New York |isbn=0-8038-0336-2 |oclc=82503 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Decraene |first=Philippe |year=1973 |chapter=Congo-Brazzaville |title=Éncyclopédie Universalis |volume=4 |pages=891-892 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |author=Gale Research Company |title=Encyclopedia of World Biography |volume=16 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Gale (Cengage) |Gale Research Company]] |location=[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit, MI]] |isbn=0-7876-2221-4 |oclc=37813530 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5229/is_2003/ai_n19151304 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Italiaander |first=Rolf |title=The New Leaders of Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/newleadersofafri0000unse |year=1961 |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|Englewood Cliffs, NJ]] |oclc=565528 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Kouvibidila |first=Gaston-Jonas |year=2001 |series=Histoire du multipartisme au Congo-Brazzaville |volume=1 |title=La marche à rebours 1940-1991 |publisher=Éditions L'Harmattan |isbn= |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Lentz |first=Harris M. |year=1994 |title=Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina|Jefferson, NC]] |isbn=0-89950-926-6 |oclc=30075961 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwfKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1250&dq=Jacques+Opangault&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fT9JU9WINarx8AHnl4GIBg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=fulbert&f=false |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Matthews |first=Ronald |title=African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations |url=https://archive.org/details/africanpowderkeg0000matt |year=1966 |publisher=[[The Bodley Head]] |location=London |oclc=246401461 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Mbandza |first=Joseph |year=2004 |title=Pauvreté et modèles de croissance en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas du Congo-Brazzaville (1945–2000) |publisher=Éditions Publibook |isbn= |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |editor1-last=Mengisteab |editor1-first=Kidane |editor2-last=Daddieh |editor2-first=Cyril |title=State Building and Democratization in Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/statebuildingdem0000unse |year=1999 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=[[Westport, Connecticut|Westport, CT]] |isbn=0-275-96353-5 |oclc=39013781 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Terray |first=Emmanuel |year=1964 |title=Les révolutions congolaise et dahoméenne de 1963 |journal=Revue française de science politique |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=918–925 |doi=10.3406/rfsp.1964.403464 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Young |first=Eric |contribution=Youlou, Fulbert |editor1-last=Appiah |editor1-first=Kwame Anthony |editor1-link=Kwame Anthony Appiah |editor2-last=Gates |editor2-first=Henry Louis, Jr. |editor2-link=Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |year=1999 |title=[[Encyclopedia Africana |Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience]] |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |location=[[New York City|New York, NY]] |isbn=0-465-00071-1 |oclc=41649745 |ref=harv}}

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