Wikipedia

Ottawa: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Dzhalina (bicara | kontrib)
661 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(45 revisi perantara oleh 26 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{About|Ibukota negara Kanada}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Ottawa
|official_name = City of Ottawa<br>''Ville d'Ottawa''
|other_name =
|native_name =
|settlement_type = Kota
|nickname = [[Bytown]]
|motto = "AdvanceMaju-Ottawa-EnKe AvantDepan"<br>WrittenDitulis indalam thedua [[Bilingualismbahasa in Ottawa|two official languages]]resmi.<ref name="Montague">{{cite web|url=http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf|title=Ottawa Book of Everything|author=Art Montague|publisher=MacIntyre Purcell Publishing|year=2008|accessdate=14 July 2011|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426063702/http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|image_skyline = OttawaCollage.png
|imagesize =
|image_caption = [[Centre Block|Centre Block on Parliament Hill]], [[National War Memorial (Canada)|Nationaldi Warpusat Memorial]] di [[downtownkota Ottawa]], [[National GalleryGaleri ofNasional Canada]]Kanada, dan [[Kanal Rideau]], dan [[Château Laurier]].
|image_map = Rideau Canal.jpg
|map_caption = [[RideauKanal Canal]]Rideau
|image_flag = Flag of Ottawa, Ontario.svg
|image_shield = Ottawa coatCoat of arms of Ottawa, Ontario.png
|image_map = Map of Ontario OTTAWA.svg
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = LocationLokasi of the City ofKota Ottawa in the Provincedi ofProvinsi Ontario, CanadaKanada
|coordinates_region = CA-ON
|subdivision_type = CountryNegara
|subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinsi Kanada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ontario}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar region Kanada|Region]]Wilayah
|subdivision_name2 = [[RegionWilayah KapitalIbu Kota Nasional (Kanada)|National Capital Region]]
|leader_title = MayorWali kota
|leader_title1 = [[Dewan Kota]]kota
|leader_name1 = [[Dewan Kotakota Ottawa]]
|leader_title2 = [[Anggota parlemen (Kanada)|MPs]]
|leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar MPsanggota parlemen
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =[[Mauril Bélanger]]
|2 =[[Paul Dewar]]
|3 = [[John Baird (Politisi Kanada)|John Baird]]
|4=[[Royal Galipeau]]
|5=[[David McGuinty]]
|6=[[Pierre Lemieux]]
|7=[[Gordon O'Connor]]
|8=[[Pierre Poilievre]]
}}
|leader_title3 = [[Anggota parlemen provinsi (Ontario)|MPPs]]
|leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar MPPsanggota parlemen provinsi
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =[[Lisa MacLeod]]
|2 =[[Jean-Marc Lalonde]]
|3 = [[Dalton McGuinty]]
|4=[[Phil McNeely]]
|5=[[Madeleine Meilleur]]
|6=[[Yasir Naqvi]]
|7=[[Norm Sterling]]
|8=[[Bob Chiarelli]]
}}
|leader_name = [[Jim Watson (politisi Kanada)|Jim Watson]]
|established_title = Didirikan
|established_date = 1826 sebagai [[Bytown]]<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005">{{cite book|author1=Justin D. Edwards|author2=Douglas Ivison|title=Downtown Canada: writing Canadian cities|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35|accessdate=14 July 2011|date=19 November 2005|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802086686|page=35|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094539/https://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35&hl=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|established_title2 = Inkorporasi
|established_title2 = [[Kota korporasi|Incorporated]]
|established_date2 = 1855 sebagai Kota Ottawa<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005"/>
|established_title3 = [[Penggabungan (politik)|Amalgamated]]
|established_date3 = 1 Januari 2001
|area_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop>{{cite web|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2011 censuses — 100% data|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107044920/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="CityPop"/><ref name="CityPop"/>
|area_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop/><ref name=UAPop/><ref name=CMAPop/>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 2778.13
Baris 80 ⟶ 79:
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop/><ref name=CMAPop"CityPop"/>
|population_note =
|population_total = 883,391 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|4th]])
Baris 91 ⟶ 90:
|population_density_metro_km2 = 196.6
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title= [[Demonym]]Demonim<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html |title=City of Ottawa - Design C |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date=2010-05-20 |accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2012-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118093823/http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm |title=Rapport au / Report to: |publisher=Ottawa.ca |year=2011 |accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2012-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170026/http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|population_blank1 = Ottawan
|timezone = EasternWilayah Timur (EST)
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST =-4
|latd=45 |latm=25 |lats=15 |latNS=N
|longd=75 |longm=41 |longs=24 |longEW=W
|elevation_m = 70
|elevation_ft = 230
Baris 107 ⟶ 106:
|footnotes =
}}
'''Ottawa''' adalah [[ibu kota]] [[Kanada]] dan merupakan kota terbesar keempat negara tersebut. Kota ini terletak di [[Lembah Ottawa]] di bagian timur [[Provinsi dan Teritori Kanada|provinsi]] [[Ontario]], di perbatasan utara [[Quebec City-Windsor Corridor]]. Populasi kota ini adalah 808.391, dan populasi [[National Capital Region (Kanada)|wilayah Ottawa]] adalah 1.146.790 ([[2004]]). Wali kotanya adalah [[Bob Chiarelli]].
 
'''Ottawa''' adalah [[ibu kota]] dan kota terbesar keempat di [[Kanada]] setelah [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], dan [[Calgary|Calgary.]] Kota ini terletak di Lembah Ottawa di bagian timur Provinsi [[Ontario]], di perbatasan utara Kota Quebec-Windsor Corridor. Populasi kota ini sekitar 808.391 jiwa dan populasi Wilayah Ottawa adalah 1.146.790 jiwa. Wali kotanya adalah Jim Watson.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-01|title=Jim Watson|url=https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors/jim-watson|website=ottawa.ca|language=en|access-date=2020-12-08|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127120122/https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors/jim-watson|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Sebagai ibukota, Ottawa memiliki banyak ''national landmark'' seperti [[Parliament Hill]], gedung pemerintahan sentral Kanada yang meniru [[Houses of Parliament]] di Inggris; [[National Gallery of Canada]], [[Royal Canadian Mint]] dimana uang Kanada dicetak (dan cabangnya yang lain di Winnipeg); [[Rideau Canal]], dan lainnya. Salah satu ''trademark'' Ottawa yang lain adalah [[Scotiabank Place]], stadion hoki es untuk tim [[NHL]] atau National Hockey League, [[Ottawa Senators]].
 
Sebagai ibu kota, Ottawa memiliki banyak tengara nasional seperti Bukit Parlemen, Gedung Pemerintahan Sentral Kanada, Galeri Nasional Kanada, Royal Mint Kanada, Kanal Rideau, dan masih banyak lagi. Merek dagang Ottawa yang lain adalah Tempat Scotiabank, Liga Hoki Nasional, dan Senator Ottawa.
 
== Geografi ==
 
{{main|Geografi Ottawa}}
{{main|Geografi Kanada}}
[[File:Hot Air Balloon ride Ottawa II.jpg|left|thumb|Pemandangan dari kiri ke kanan: [[Gatineau]] [[Sungai Ottawa]] dan [[Downtown Ottawa]]]]
 
Ottawa terletak di tepi selatan [[Sungai Ottawa]], dan berisi mulut para [[Sungai Rideau]] dan [[Rideau Canal]].<ref name="RipleyDana1875">{{cite book|author1=George Ripley|author2=Charles Anderson Dana|title=The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733|accessdate=27 May 2011|year=1875|publisher=Appleton|page=733}}</ref> Bagian tua kota (termasuk apa yang tersisa dari [[Bytown]]) dikenal sebagai ''[[Lower Town]]'', dan menempati area antara kanal dan sungai. Di seberang kanal ke barat terletak ''[[Centretown]]'' dan ''[[Downtown Ottawa]]'', yang merupakan pusat kota keuangan dan komersial. Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2007, Rideau Canal, yang membentang {{convert|202|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ke Kingston, Fort Henry dan empat menara Martello di daerah Kingston diakui sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |title=Rideau Canal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date= |accessdate=2011-05-27}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Hot Air Balloon ride Ottawa II.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Pemandangan dari kiri ke kanan: [[Gatineau]], Sungai Ottawa dan Pusat Kota Ottawa]]
 
Ottawa terletak di tepi selatan Sungai Ottawa, dan berisi mulut para Sungai dan Kanal Rideau.<ref name="RipleyDana1875">{{cite book|author1=George Ripley|author2=Charles Anderson Dana|title=The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733|accessdate=27 May 2011|year=1875|publisher=Appleton|page=733|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733&hl=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bagian tua kota dikenal sebagai Kota Bawah, dan menempati area antara kanal dan sungai. Di seberang kanal ke barat terletak Pusat Kota dan Pusat Kota Ottawa, yang merupakan pusat kota keuangan dan komersial. Pada tanggal [[29 Juni]] [[2007]], Kanal Rideau, yang membentang {{convert|202|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ke Kingston, Fort Henry dan empat Menara Martello di daerah Kingston diakui sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] oleh [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |title=Rideau Canal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date= |accessdate=2011-05-27 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225845/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
=== Iklim ===
Ottawa memiliki [[iklim lembab benua]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') dengan empat musim yang berbeda. Suhu maksimum rata-rata Juli adalah {{convert|26|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Suhu minimum rata-rata Januari adalah {{convert|&minus;15.3|°C|1}}.
 
Ottawa memiliki iklim lembap benua dengan empat musim yang berbeda.<ref name="koppen">{{cite web |url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/3rdedition/environment/climate/030 |title = Climatic Regions [Köppen] |work = Atlas of Canada |publisher = Natural Resources Canada |date = June 2003 |accessdate = December 25, 2012 |archive-date = 2012-04-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011507/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/3rdedition/environment/climate/030 |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Suhu maksimum rata-rata Juli adalah {{convert|26|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Suhu minimum rata-rata Januari adalah {{convert|−15.3|°C|1}}.
Musim panas yang hangat dan lembab di Ottawa. Siang hari suhu {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}} atau lebih tinggi yang biasa. Ottawa rata-rata beberapa hari dengan [[humidex]] (suhu gabungan & indeks kelembaban) antara {{convert|30|°C|0}} dan {{convert|40|°C|0}} setiap tahun.
 
Ottawa memiliki musim panas yang hangat dan lembap. Suhu siang hari {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}} atau lebih tinggi adalah biasa. Suhu rata-rata Ottawa menurut suhu gabungan dan indeks kelembapan antara {{convert|30|°C|0}} dan {{convert|40|°C|0}} setiap tahun.
 
Salju dan es yang dominan selama musim dingin. Ottawa menerimamendapat sekitar {{convert|235|cm|in|0}} hujancurah salju setiap tahuntahunnya. Hari di atas titik beku dan suhu malam hari di bawah {{convert|&minus;30−30|°C|0}} keduadapat terjadi pada musim dingin. Tinggi [[angin dingin]] yang umum, dengan rata-rata tahunan 14 hari dengan angin menggigil di bawah {{convert|&minus;30|°C|0}}.<ref name="ottawa1">{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/immigration/choose/weather_en.html#P54_430 |title=City of Ottawa - Weather |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-06-07 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108071646/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/immigration/choose/weather_en.html#P54_430 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
MusimSuhu musim semi dan musim gugur adalahtidak variabeltentu, rentan terhadap ekstremperubahan suhu yang ekstrem dan perubahan tak terduga dalam kondisi. PanasHari haripanas di atas {{convert|30|°C|0}} elahdapat terjadi sejakpaling Aprilcepat (seperti padabulan 2002)[[Maret]] atau akhirpaling September, serta salju baik ke Mei dan awallambat bulan [[Oktober]]. (meskipunMeskipun demikian, peristiwa tersebutseperti sangatini tidak biasa dan berlangsung singkat).<ref name=CCN/>
 
Rata-rata [[curah hujan rata-rata]] tahunan sekitar {{convert|940|mm|0}}. Ottawa menerima rata-rata {{convert|915|mm|in|abbr=on}} dari total curah hujan setahun. Ada sekitar 2.060 jam sinar matahari rata-rata per tahun (47% dari mungkintotal kemungkinan).<ref name=CCN /><ref name="sunshine data"/>
 
{{Weather box
Baris 158 ⟶ 162:
|Dec record high C = 16.3
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = &minus;6−6.1
|Feb high C = &minus;4−4.1
|Mar high C = 2.2
|Apr high C = 10.8
Baris 169 ⟶ 173:
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Nov high C = 5.3
|Dec high C = &minus;4−4.8
|year high C = 10.9
|Jan mean C= −10.8
Baris 182 ⟶ 186:
|Oct mean C= 7.8
|Nov mean C= 1.25
|Dec mean C= &minus;8−8.1
|year mean C= 6
|Jan low C = &minus;15−15.3
|Feb low C = &minus;13−13.3
|Mar low C = &minus;7−7.1
|Apr low C = 0.6
|May low C = 7.7
Baris 194 ⟶ 198:
|Sep low C = 9.1
|Oct low C = 3.0
|Nov low C = &minus;2−2.8
|Dec low C = &minus;11−11.3
|year low C = 1.1
|Jan record low C = &minus;35−35.6
|Feb record low C = &minus;36−36.1
|Mar record low C = &minus;30−30.6
|Apr record low C = &minus;16−16.7
|May record low C = &minus;5−5.6
|Jun record low C = &minus;0−0.1
|Jul record low C = 5
|Aug record low C = 2.6
|Sep record low C = &minus;3−3.0
|Oct record low C = &minus;7−7.8
|Nov record low C = &minus;21−21.7
|Dec record low C = &minus;34−34.4
|year record low C = &minus;36−36.1
|Jan chill= −47.8
|Feb chill= −47.6
Baris 335 ⟶ 339:
| publisher = Environment Canada
| language = English & French
| accessdate = 2011-01-11 }}</ref>
| archive-date = 2012-11-20
|source 2= Environment Canada (sun only).<ref name="sunshine data">[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 Climate Normals for Ottawa 1971-2000], accessed 24 March 2012.</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120181042/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4337&autofwd=1
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
|source 2= Environment Canada (sun only).<ref name="sunshine data">[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 Climate Normals for Ottawa 1971-2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120180550/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 |date=2012-11-20 }}, accessed 24 March 2012.</ref>
|date=December 2010
}}
 
== Hubungan Internationalinternasional ==
 
{{see|Daftar kedutaan besar dan komisi tinggi Ottawa}}
Saat ini, Ottawa adalahmerupakan tuan rumah dari 130 kedutaan.<ref name="international1">{{cite web |url=http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |title=Heads of Missions |publisher=W01.international.gc.ca |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2010-11-03 |archive-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318010712/http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sebuah lanjut 49 negara mengakreditasi kedutaan dan misi di [[Amerika Serikat]] untuk [[Kanada]].<ref name="international1"/>
 
;Kota kembar:
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Beijing]], China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiapacific.ca/fr/news/ottawa-and-beijing-sign-sister-cities-agreement |title=Ottawa and Beijing Sign Sister Cities Agreement &#124; Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |publisher=Asiapacific.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08 |archive-date=2017-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125100/http://www.asiapacific.ca/fr/news/ottawa-and-beijing-sign-sister-cities-agreement |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
 
;Bibliograpfi
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation
|last = Brault
|first = Lucien
Baris 362 ⟶ 371:
|oclc = 2947504
}}
* {{cite book|first=Joan |last=Finnigan|title=Giants of Canada's Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GbvECdC60GAC&pg=PP1|year=1981|publisher=GeneralStore PublishingHouse|isbn=978-0-919431-00-3|access-date=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=GbvECdC60GAC&pg=PP1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=James |last=Hale|title=Frommer's Ottawa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=9780470681589|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=Jeff |last=Keshen|coauthor=Nicole St-Onge|title=Ottawa--making a capital|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1|year=2001|publisher=University of Ottawa Press|isbn=9780776605210|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=David |last=Lee|title=Lumber kings & shantymen: logging and lumbering in the Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1|year=2006|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=9781550289220|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citation
|last = Legget
|first = Robert
|title = Rideau Waterway
|year = 1986
|publisher = University of Toronto Press
|publication-place = Toronto
|isbn =0802065910 0802065910
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252
|accessdate = 2012-04-06
|archive-date = 2023-02-19
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252&hl=en
|dead-url = no
}}
* {{Citation
|first=Carol
|last=Martin
|title=Ottawa: a colourguide
Baris 384 ⟶ 397:
|publisher=Formac Publishing Company
|isbn=9780887803963
}}|accessdate=2012-04-06
|archive-date=2023-02-19
*{{Citation
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1&hl=en
|dead-url=no
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Mika
|first = Nick & Helma
Baris 394 ⟶ 411:
|isbn = 0919303609
}}
* {{citation|first=Marion Van de |last=Wetering|title=An Ottawa album: glimpses of the way we were|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1|year=1997|publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd.|isbn=9780888821959|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citation
|last = Woods
|first = Shirley E. Jr.
Baris 411 ⟶ 428:
* [http://www.ottawa.com/main_e.shtml City of Ottawa's info page]
* [http://www.ottawatourism.ca/ Ottawa Tourism]
* {{Wikitravelwikivoyage|Ottawa}}
 
{{Geographic location
Baris 426 ⟶ 443:
}}
 
[[Kategori:Ottawa| ]]
[[Kategori:Ibu kota negara]]
[[Kategori:KotaIbu kota negara di KanadaAmerika Utara]]
{{Link GA|de}}
{{Link GA|es}}
 
[[ace:Ottawa]]
[[af:Ottawa]]
[[als:Ottawa]]
[[am:ኦታዋ]]
[[an:Ottawa]]
[[ang:Ottawa]]
[[ar:أوتوا]]
[[av:Оттава]]
[[az:Ottava]]
[[be:Горад Атава]]
[[be-x-old:Атава]]
[[bg:Отава]]
[[bn:অটোয়া]]
[[bo:ཨོ་ཏ་ཝ།]]
[[br:Ottawa]]
[[bs:Ottawa]]
[[ca:Ottawa]]
[[chr:ᎠᏔᏩ, ᎨᎾᏓ]]
[[co:Ottawa]]
[[cs:Ottawa]]
[[cv:Оттава]]
[[cy:Ottawa]]
[[da:Ottawa]]
[[de:Ottawa]]
[[el:Οττάβα]]
[[en:Ottawa]]
[[eo:Otavo]]
[[es:Ottawa]]
[[et:Ottawa]]
[[eu:Ottawa]]
[[ext:Ottawa]]
[[fa:اتاوا]]
[[fi:Ottawa]]
[[fo:Ottawa]]
[[fr:Ottawa]]
[[frp:Ottawa]]
[[fy:Ottawa]]
[[ga:Ottawa]]
[[gd:Ottawa]]
[[gl:Otava - Ottawa]]
[[he:אוטווה]]
[[hif:Ottawa]]
[[hr:Ottawa (Kanada)]]
[[ht:Otawa]]
[[hu:Ottawa]]
[[hy:Օտտավա]]
[[ie:Ottawa]]
[[io:Ottawa]]
[[is:Ottawa]]
[[it:Ottawa]]
[[iu:ᐊᑐᕚ/atavaa]]
[[ja:オタワ]]
[[ka:ოტავა]]
[[kl:Ottawa]]
[[ko:오타와]]
[[ku:Ottawa]]
[[kw:Ottawa]]
[[la:Ottava]]
[[lmo:Ottawa]]
[[ln:Ottawa]]
[[lt:Otava]]
[[lv:Otava]]
[[mk:Отава]]
[[ml:ഓട്ടവ]]
[[mn:Оттава]]
[[mr:ओटावा]]
[[ms:Ottawa]]
[[mzn:اوتآوآ]]
[[nah:Ottahua]]
[[nds:Ottawa]]
[[nl:Ottawa (stad)]]
[[nn:Ottawa]]
[[no:Ottawa]]
[[nov:Ottawa]]
[[oc:Ottawa]]
[[os:Оттавæ]]
[[pa:ਓਟਾਵਾ]]
[[pap:Ottawa]]
[[pdc:Ottawa]]
[[pl:Ottawa]]
[[pms:Ottawa]]
[[pnb:اٹاوہ]]
[[pt:Ottawa]]
[[qu:Ottawa]]
[[rm:Ottawa]]
[[ro:Ottawa]]
[[roa-rup:Ottawa]]
[[ru:Оттава]]
[[sah:Оттава]]
[[sc:Ottawa]]
[[scn:Ottawa]]
[[sco:Ottawa]]
[[sh:Ottawa]]
[[simple:Ottawa, Ontario]]
[[sk:Ottawa]]
[[sl:Ottawa]]
[[sq:Ottawa]]
[[sr:Отава]]
[[stq:Ottawa]]
[[sv:Ottawa]]
[[sw:Ottawa]]
[[ta:ஒட்டாவா]]
[[th:ออตตาวา]]
[[tl:Ottawa]]
[[tpi:Ottawa]]
[[tr:Ottawa]]
[[ug:Ottawa]]
[[uk:Оттава]]
[[ur:اوٹاوا]]
[[vi:Ottawa]]
[[vo:Ottawa]]
[[war:Ottawa]]
[[yi:אטאווא]]
[[yo:Ottawa]]
[[zh:渥太華]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ottawa]]
[[zh-yue:渥太華]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ottawa"