Walter M. Schirra Jr.: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name =Walter Marty Schirra, Jr.

| image =wallyshirra.jpg

| type =Astronot [[NASA]]

| nationality =[[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]]

| date_birth =[[12 Maret]] [[1923]]

| place_birth =[[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], [[New Jersey]]

| date_death ={{death date and age|2007|5|3|1923|3|12}}

| place_death =[[La Jolla, California]]

| occupation =[[Pilot penguji]]

| rank =[[Kapten]], [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]]

| selection =[[Daftar astronotastronaut menurut seleksi#1959|Kelompok NASA 1959]]

| time =12hari 7jam 12menit

| mission =[[Mercury 8]], [[Gemini 6A]], [[Apollo 7]]

| insignia =<center>[[ImageBerkas:Sigma 7 insignia.jpg|40px]] [[ImageBerkas:Ge06Patch_emb.png|40px]] [[ImageBerkas:AP7lucky7.png|40px]]

'''Walter Marty Schirra, Jr.''' ([[{{lahirmati||12 Maret]] [[|3|1923]] &ndash; [[||3 Mei]] [[|5|2007]]}}) adalah salah satu astronotastronaut asli [[The Mercury Seven|Mercury 7]] yang dipilih untuk [[Program Mercury|Proyek Mercury]], upaya pertama Amerika untuk menerbangkan manusia di angkasa luar. Ia adalah satu-satunya orang yang terbang dalam tiga program angkasa luar pertama AmeriakAmerika ([[Proyek Mercury|Mercury]], [[Program Gemini|Gemini]] dan [[Program Apollo|Apollo]]). Ia mencatat keseluruhannya 295 jam dan 15 menit berada di angkasa luar.

Nama keluarga Schirra aslinya berasal dari Valle Onsernone, di [[Kanton Ticino]], bagian Swiss yang berbahasa Italia.

Schirra dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga penerbang di [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], [[New Jersey]]. Ayah Schirra, Walter M. Schirra, Sr., pergi ke [[Kanada]] pada [[Perang Dunia I]] dan memperoleh peringkat [[penerbang]]nya. <!--He later became a [[barnstorming|barnstormer]]. Schirra's mother, Florence Leach Schirra, went along on her husband's barnstorming tours and performed [[wing walking]] stunts. By the time he was 15, Wally was flying his father's airplane. Schirra was a [[Boy Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)|Boy Scout]] and earned the rank of First Class in [[Scouting in New Jersey|Troop 36]] in [[Oradell, New Jersey|Oradell]], [[New Jersey]].<ref name="astro-bsa">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url =http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-558.html | title =Astronauts and the BSA | format = | work =Fact sheet | publisher =Boy Scouts of America | accessdate =2007-05-02}}</ref>

Upon the outbreak of the [[Korean War]], Schirra was dispatched to [[South Korea]] as an exchange pilot on loan to the [[US Air Force]]. He served as a flight leader with the 136th Bomb Wing, and then as operations officer with the 154th Fighter Bomber Squadron. He flew 90 combat missions between 1951 and [[1952]], mostly in [[F-84]]s. Schirra was credited with downing one [[MiG-15]] and damaging two others. Schirra received the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (U.S.)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] and the [[Air Medal]] with an [[oak leaf cluster]] for his service in Korea.-->

AfterSetelah histugasnya tour indi Korea, Schirra servedberdinas as asebagai [[testpilot pilotpenguji]]. AtDi [[China Lake]] heia testedmenguji weaponssistem systemspersenjataan such as theseperti [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|rudal Sidewinder missile]] anddan thejet tempur [[F7U Cutlass|F7U-3 Cutlass]]. jetSetelah fighter.beberapa Afterlama spendingsebagai timeinstruktur aspenerbangan adan flightpenerbang instructoryang andberbasis carrierdi basedkapal aviatorinduk, heia laterkemudian returnedkembali toke histugasnya testsebagai pilot dutiespenguji anddan helpedmembantu evaluate themengevaluasi [[F4H Phantom II|pesawat tempur F-4 fighter]] foruntuk navalangkatan servicelaut.

OnPada [[2 April 2]], [[1959]], Schirra wasterpilih chosensebagai assalah onesatu of thedari [[Tujuh Mercury Seven|originaltujuh sevenantariksawan AmericanAmerika astronautspertama]]. HeIa enteredmasuk dalam [[ProjectProyek Mercury]] anddan wasditugasi assigneddi thebidang specialtykhusus areayang involvingmelibatkan lifesistem supportdukungan systemskehidupan.

OnPada [[October3 3Oktober]], [[1962]], Schirra becamemenjadi theorang fifthAmerika Americankelima indi spaceluar angkasa, piloting themengemudikan [[Mercury 8]] (Sigma 7) ondalam asebuah misi enam six-orbit missionyang berlangsung lastingselama 9 hoursjam, 13 minutesmenit, anddan 11 secondsdetik. TheKapsulnya capsulemencapai attained a velocity ofkecepatan 17,.557 milesmil per hourjam anddan an altitude ofketinggian 175 statute milesmil, andserta mendarat landeddalam withinjarak fourenam mileskilometer ofdari thekapal mainpengangkat Pacificutama Oceandi recoverySamudra shipPasifik.

<!--[[ImageBerkas:SchirraPalace.jpg|220px|thumb|left|''[[March 10 Maret]], [[1966]]'': Wally Schirra isdianugerahi presentedlencana with thepenerbangan [[PhilippineAngkatan AirUdara ForceFilipina]] Aviation Badge byoleh [[Imelda Marcos]] assementara [[President of the Philippines|PhilippinePresiden PresidentFilipina]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]], watchesmengamati. Schirra isjuga also wearing themengenakan [[Philippine Legion of Honor|Philippines' LegionLegiun ofKehormatan HonorFilipina]], presentedyang indianugerahkan adalam ceremonysebuah atupacara thedi [[MalacañangIstana PalaceMalacañang]] indi [[Manila, PhilippinesFilipina|Manila]].]]On-->Pada [[December15 15Desember]], [[1965]], Schirra flewterbang intoke spaceluar aangkasa untuk secondkedua timekalinya indalam [[Gemini 6A]] withbersama [[Tom Stafford]], rendezvousingmelakukan withrendezvous dengan astronautsantariksawan [[Frank Borman]] anddan [[Jim Lovell|James Lovell, Jr.]] indalam [[Gemini 7]]. ThisIni was the firstadalah rendezvous ofpertama twodari manneddua spacecraftwahana inantariksa earthberawak dalam orbit bumi. TheNamun twokedua vehicles,wahana howeveritu tidak benar-benar dapat melakukan doking. Gemini 6 mendarat di Samudra Atlantik esok harinya, weresemenatra notGemini capable7 ofmelanjutkan actuallydengan dockingmisi 14 hari yang memecahkan rekor. Dalam misi Gemini, 6Schirra landedmemainkan inlelucon theNatal Atlantictentang Oceanpengendali thepenerbangan nextketika dayia pada awlanya melaporkan penampakan UFO tiruan (menyiratkan [[Santa Claus]]), whilekemudian Geminimemainkan 7"[[Jingle continuedBells]]" pada harmonika Hohner berlubang empat yang telah dia [[Daftar benda yang diselundupkan ke luar angkasa|selundupkan]] ke dalam kapal, bersama dengan Stafford yang memainkan lonceng giring.<ref name="schirrasspace" />{{rp|165}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Edwards |first1=Owen |title=The Day Two Astronauts Said onThey toSaw a recordUFO Wearing a Red Suit |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/christmas-settingcards-109444898/?no-ist 14|magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |access-daydate=July mission.13, 2015 |date=December 2005}}</ref>

OnPada [[October11 11Oktober]], [[1968]], Schirra becamemenjadi theorang firstpertama manyang toterbang flydi inluar spaceangkasa threetiga timeskali ondalam hispenerbangan finalterakhirnya flightsebagai as commander ofkomandan [[Apollo 7]], thepenerbangan firstberawak mannedpertama flightdalam in theprogram Apollo program, whichyang occurredterjadi aftersetelah akebakaran fatal fire during testsdalam ofpengujian [[Apollo 1]]. TheKetiga three-man crewawak, includingtermasuk [[Donn Eisele]] anddan [[Walter Cunningham]], spentmenghabiskan eleven11 dayshari in earthdalam orbit bumi, performedmelakukan rendezvouslatihan-latihan exercisesrendezvous withdengan thebagian upperatas stagedari ofwahana thepeluncur [[Saturn IB|Saturn 1-B]] launchyang vehiclemenembakkannya thatke rocketedluar themangkasa intodan space and provided the first livememberikannya [[kamera Apollo TV camera|televisiongambar-gambar picturestelevisi]] fromhidup insidepertama adari U.S.dalam mannedsebuah spacecraftwahana (otherantariksa thanberawak anAS experimental(selain broadcastsiaran duringpercobaan theselama flight ofpenerbangan [[Gordon Cooper]]) foryang whichmenyebabkan heia received anmenerima [[Penghargaan Emmy]].

DuringDalam themisi Apollo 7 mission, Schirra caughtmengalami what[[flu]] wasyang perhapspaling theterkenal mostdalam famous [[common cold|cold]] insejarah NASA history.[http://www.wallyschirra.com/apollo.htm] HeAtas tooknasihat [[Actifeddokter penerbangan]], to relieve his symptoms upon the advice ofia themenelan [[flight surgeonActifed]] untuk mengatasi gejala-gejalanya.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}Bertahun-tahun Years laterkemudian, heia becamemenjadi ajuru spokesmanbicara foruntuk Actifed anddan wouldtampil appeardalam iniklan-iklan televisiontelevisi commercialsuntuk advertisingproduk the productitu.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

DuringDalam latermisi Apollo missionsyang hebelakangan, servedia asmenjadi akonsultan news consultant,berita. oftenIa beingsering intervieweddiwawancarai byoleh [[Walter Cronkite]] ondalam [[CBS]] News.

Schirra'sBuku logbookscatatan showpenerbangan aSchirra memperlihatkan total of 4,.577 hoursjam flight timepenerbangan (295 indi spaceluar angkasa) anddan 267 pendaratan pesawat pembawa (carrier landings).

HeSchirra diedmeninggal ondunia pada [[May 3 Mei]], [[2007]] ofkarena aserangan heartjantung attackdi atRumah Sakit Scripps Green Hospital indi [[La Jolla, California]].<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070503/ap_on_re_us/obit_schirra</ref>.

==Definition ofDefinisi a spacetentang rendezvous di angkasa luar ==

Schirra statedmemberikan adefinisi clearyang definitionjelas of atentang [[space rendezvous di angkasa luar]]. He saidKatanya: <blockquote>"SomebodyAda orang yang saidmengatakan ... whenbahwa youbila comekita toberjumpa withindalam threejarak miles3 mil, you'veitu rendezvousedberarti kita telah melakukan pertemuan. IfBila orang anybodymengatakan thinksbahwa they'vemereka pulledtelah amelakukan rendezvous offdalam atjarak three5 mileskm, have funsyukurlah! ThisBagi iskami, whenitu webaru startedawal doingdari ourpekerjaan workkami. ISaya don'tberpendapat thinkbahwa rendezvouspertemuan isbelum overterjadi untilsebelum youkita are stoppedberhenti - completelyberhenti stoppedtotal - with notanpa relativeadanya motiongerakan betweenrelatif theantara twokedua vehicleswahana, atdalam ajarak rangelebih ofkurang approximately40 120 feetmeter. That'sItu baru rendezvous! FromDari there onsitu, it'slangkah stationkeeping.berikutnya That'sadalah whenpemeliharaan youstasiun. canItu goterjadi backketika andkita playadpat thekembali gamedan ofbermain-main drivingsedang amengendarai carmobil oratau drivingmengendarai ansebuah airplanepesawat oratau pushingmendorong asebuah skateboardpapan —skat it's about- thatsederhana simplesaja."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/ch12-7.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2007-05-06 |archive-date=2020-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403013722/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/ch12-7.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref></blockquote>-->

* Wally Schirra & Richard N. Billings, "Schirra's Space", 1988 ISBN 1-55750-792-9
* Wally Schirra, Richard L. Cormier, and Phillip R. Wood with [[Barrett Tillman]], ''Wildcats to Tomcats'', Phalanx, 1995. ISBN 1-883809-07-X

* Robert Godwin, Ed. "Sigma 7: The NASA Mission Reports", 2003 ISBN 1-894959-01-9

* Robert Godwin, Ed. "Gemini 6: The NASA Mission Reports", 2000 ISBN 1-896522-61-0

* Robert Godwin, Ed. "Apollo 7: The NASA Mission Reports", 2000 ISBN 1-896522-64-5

* {{en}} [http://www11www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/schirra-wm.html Biografi NASA]

[[Kategori:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame InducteesItalia-Amerika]]