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{{Infobox Palestinian Authority municipality
|name=Beitin
|image=
|caption=
|arname=بيتين
|meaning= corruption of the Hebrew "Bethel",<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/226/mode/1up 226]</ref> house ("beth" or "beit") of God ("el")<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n150/mode/1up/ 128] -129</ref>
|founded=Early 19th century
|type=mund
|typefrom=1996
|altOffSp=Baytin
|altUnoSp=Bittin
|governorate=rb
|latd=31 |latm=55 |lats=42 |latNS=N
|longd=35 |longm=14|longs=18 |longEW=E
|coordinates = {{coord|31|55|42|N|35|14|18|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
|palgrid=172/148
|population=2,143
|popyear=2007
|area=4,764
|areakm=4.8
|mayor=Tawfiq Musa Al-Hajya (Abu-Mazen)
}}
'''Beitin''' ({{lang-ar|<big>بيتين</big>}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Bitīn}}'') adalah suatu kota [[Bangsa Palestina|Palestina di]] Kegubernuran Ramallah dan al-Bireh di [[Tepi Barat]], terletak {{Convert|5|km|mi|sp=us}} timur laut [[Ramallah]] pada jalur Ramallah-Nablus. Kota-kota Palestina Dura al-Qar' dan Ein Yabrud terletak di sebelah utara, Rammun di timur, Deir Dibwan di tenggara dan [[al-Bireh]] di barat daya. Pemukiman Israel "Beit El" terletak di barat laut Beitin.
== Geografi ==
Baris 8 ⟶ 32:
=== Jaman antikuitas ===
Pemukiman manusia di lokasi Beitin bertarikh sedini periode [[Zaman tembaga|Chalcolithic]]. Penggalian arkeologi pada tahun 1950 menemukan alat-alat batu, tembikar, dan tulang hewan dari waktu itu. Pada [[Zaman Perunggu|Awal Zaman Perunggu]] (sekitar 3200 SM) biasanya populasi nomaden menetap di daerah tersebut. Pemakaman [[Kanaan]], rumah-rumah dan pemerasan minyak zaitun ditemukan di sebelah utara dan tenggara dari desa itu. Sisa-sisa kuil Kanaan juga ditemukan oleh para arkeolog.<ref name="TWP">{{Cite journal|date=2007-07-09|title=Site of the Week: Beitin|url=http://thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=762&ed=68&edid=68|access-date=2011-12-19|journal=|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002133/http://thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=762&ed=68&edid=68|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada Zaman Perunggu Tengah (sekitar tahun 1750 SM) statusnya diangkat dari desa menjadi kota benteng Kanaan yang diyakini bernama Luz.<ref name="STFJ">[http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/048discuss.html Luza, also Bethel - (Beitin)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003050538/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/048discuss.html |date=2013-10-03 }} Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem. 2000-12-19.</ref> Dua gerbang kota bertarikh periode ini telah digali, satu di timur dan yang lain di sebelah barat laut pada tembok kota. Bait suci kedua dibangun di Luz selama periode ini, tetapi hancur akibat gempa bumi.
Pecahan dari [[Zaman Perunggu|Awal Zaman Perunggu]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Menengah Zaman Perunggu]], [[Zaman Perunggu|Zaman Perunggu Tengah]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Akhir Zaman Perunggu]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Zaman Besi]] I dan II, [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|persia]], [[Periode Hellenistik|Hellenistic]] and [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Roman]] yang telah ditemukan.<ref name="Finkelstein518">Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 518</ref>
Beitin telah diidentifikasi sebagai situs kota yang disebutkan di Alkitab, [[Betel]], di mana [[Yakub]] tidur dan bermimpi melihat malaikat-malaikat naik turun tangga (Kejadian 28:19).<ref>Easton, 1893, p. [https://archive.org/stream/illustratedbible00east#page/94/mode/1up 94]</ref> Beberapa sarjana percaya bahwa Betel terletak di lokasi reruntuhan sekitar Beitin.<ref name="Tristram164">Trisdam, 1865, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/landofisraeljour00trisuoft#page/164/mode/1up 164]-166</ref> Menurut tradisi Yahudi, [[Yakub]] bertemu [[Tuhan|Allah]] di Luz dan berganti nama menjadi kota ''Betel'' atau "rumah Allah." Namun, berdasarkan pembacaan Alkitab [[kitab Yosua]] (16:2), yang mengatakan ''mebeit-el luzah'' ("dari Bethel ke Luz,") Luz dan Bethel mungkin adalah dua tempat yang berbeda.
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===Byzantine era===
In [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times, Bethel held annual festivals on October 18. The population was [[Eastern Orthodox Christian]] and monks from the [[Sinai Peninsula]], particularly [[Zosimas of Palestine]], were known to have visited the town. The church fell into ruin after the [[Islam]]ic [[Rashidun army]] conquered the area, but was rebuilt by the [[Crusades|Crusader]]s in the 12th century.<ref name="STFJ"/> During the Crusader period, the village was given as [[fief]] by [[Baldwin V of Jerusalem]] to the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]].<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> After the Crusaders were defeated by the [[Ayyubid]] forces of [[Saladin]] in 1187, the church was destroyed and the village was abandoned.<ref name="STFJ"/>
[[Sherd]]s from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]]<ref name=Finkelstein518/><ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 835</ref> and [[Crusader states|Crusader]]/[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] eras have been found.<ref name=Finkelstein518/>
-->
=== Zaman Utsmaniyah ===
<!--The region had been part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] since 1517 and after Beitin was reestablished, the town came under the administration of the ''[[Mutasarrif]]'' ("Governorate") of Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/localiteis.aspx?idd=819&type=locality|title=Palestinian Places: Beitin|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> -->Pada awal abad ke-19, orang-orang dari [[Transjordan (region)|Trans-Yordan]] dan tempat-tempat lain pindah ke Beitin<ref name="STFJ"/><ref>Lutfiyya, 1966, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C&pg=PA36 36]</ref> dan membangun sebuah [[masjid]] dekat situs gereja sebelumnya.<ref name="VP">[http://www.visitpalestine.ps/index.php?lang=en&page=sites.what_to_see.ramallah.bittin Visit Palestine: Bittin] Visit Palestine.</ref>
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In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 400 inhabitants,<ref name=Guerin>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n27/mode/1up 14]-26</ref> while an Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that Beitin had an adult male population of 140, in a total of 55 houses (thus excluding women and children).<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/148/mode/1up 148]. It was noted in the Bire District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up 127] also noted 55 houses</ref>
In 1882 the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Beitin as a village "built on the side of a flat spur which rises slightly on the north. On the south-east is a flat dell, with good fig and [[pomegranate]] gardens, and there are other fig-trees round the village and among the houses. The cottages have a ruinous appearance, with rough stone walls. There is one square white house in two stories, which is visible from a great distance. The ground is very open, and the slopes gentle; the village slopes down gradually south-east. The surrounding ground is quite bare of trees, of white [[chalk]], very barren and stony on the south; of hard [[limestone]] cropping up on the north; the fields divided off by low drystone walls. The contrast of the grey rocks, the red ploughland and the dark green figs is very striking. The remains of a good-sized tower exist towards the north, and on the south the walls of a church of [[Crusading]] date, once dedicated to [[St. Joseph]]. The population is stated at 400. The place is supplied from a fine spring on the south, which wells up in a circular basin. The spring is double, and was surrounded with a large reservoir, 314 feet long north-west and south-east, by 217 feet; of massive stones. The eastern and southern walls are standing about 10 feet high. The spring is [[perennial]]..."<ref name=SWP295>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/295/mode/1up 295]-296</ref>
In 1896 the population of ''Betin'' was estimated to be about 360 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n228/mode/1up 121]</ref>
In 1907, small gardens and a few old tombs were found in the vicinity, and the Muslim population was known for its strength and fearlessness.<ref>Grant, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/peasantryofpales00granrich#page/218/mode/1up/search/baytin 218]</ref>
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=== Zaman Mandat Britania ===
<!--In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Baitin'' had a population of 446; all [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]</ref> increasing at the time of the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 566, still all Muslim, in 135 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 47]</ref>
-->
Dalam [[Village Statistics, 1945|statistika tahun 1945]] populasi berjumlah 690 Muslim,<ref name=1945p26>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]</ref> sedangkan luas tanah seluruhnya 4.764 [[dunam]], menurut survey tanah dan penduduk resmi.<ref name=Hadawi64>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]</ref><!-- Of this, 1,348 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,853 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-111.jpg 111]</ref> while 38 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-161.jpg 161]</ref>
===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Beitin came under [[Jordan]]ian rule.
In 1961, a Jordanian census found the population to be 1,017.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24] It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a [[mukhtar]].</ref>
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=== Pasca 1967 ===
Setelah [[Perang Enam Hari]] pada tahun 1967, Beitin, sebagaimana wilayah Tepi Barat lain, [[Wilayah pendudukan Israel|diduduki oleh Israel]]. Populasi menurut sensus tahun 1967 yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Israel berjumlah 958, di mana 134 berasal dari teritori Israel.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |publisher= |access-date=23 January 2018 |quote=}}</ref>
Akibat [[:En:Oslo II Accord|perjanjian 1995 accords]], 19,1% tanah desa digolongkan sebagai [[Area B]], sementara 80.9% sisanya digolongkan tanah [[:En:Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] (dalam kontrol Israel penuh). Tanah desa Beitin juga diambilalih untuk membangun post luar Israel, [[Givat Asaf]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (village profile)], ARIJ, pp. 17-19</ref><ref>Nahum Barnea, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html 'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank'], [[Ynet]] 18 March 2016.</ref>
Pada tanggal 19 Desember 2011, [[Israeli settler|para pemukim Israel]] dituduh menjalankan [[price tag policy|serangan tag harga]] kedua dalam hanya empat hari, di mana lima mobil milik orang Palestina dibakar dan tembok-tembok beberapa rumah disemprot dengan coret-coretan.<ref name=Maan446133>{{cite news|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=446133|title=Settlers burn 5 cars in Ramallah village|work=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|date=2011-12-19|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> Dalam insiden pertama (15 Desember 2011), para penyerang tidak hanya memvandalisasi sebuah masjid, tetapi juga menyerang sebuah basis militer [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel|Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (''IDF'')]] di Tepi Barat, melukai seorang komandan Israel.<ref name=NewsOK.com>{{cite news | last =Teibel | first =Amy | coauthors = | title = Jewish radicals get off hook in Israel| work = | pages = | language = English|publisher =NewsOK.com | date =15 December 2011 | url =http://newsok.com/article/feed/327312 | accessdate =17 February 2017 }}</ref> Menurut para saksi insiden kedua, tentara Israel membubarkan para pemukim tanpa menahan mereka,<ref name=Maan446133/> termasuk yang diduga menyerang komandan Israel, meskipun insiden empat hari sebelumnya membuat Perdana Menteri Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, berkata: "Kami tidak akan membiarkan mereka menyerang tentara kami. Kami tidak akan membiarkan mereka menyulut perang agama dengan para tetangga kami. Kami tidak akan membiarkan mereka menajiskan masjid-masjid. Kami tidak akan membiarkan mereka melukai orang Yahudi maupun orang Arab."<ref name=NewsOK.com/>
== Markah tanah ==
[[Berkas:Al-Burj-Beitin.jpg|jmpl|Reruntuhan al-Burj, 1935]]
Reruntuhan gereja Bizantium yang dikenal dalam bahasa Arab sebagai "al-Muqater" atau "Khirbet al-Kenise" ("Reruntuhan Gereja").<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up 305]</ref> Menurut Röhricht, ketika [[Perang Salib|tentara Salib]] tiba, mereka menemukan sebuah gereja hancur. Mereka membangun dan menempatkannya pertama di bawah Biara [[Yusuf dari Arimatea|St. Yusuf dari Arimatea]], kemudian di bawah Kanon [[Gereja Makam Kudus|Makam Suci]].<ref>Röhricht, 1887, ZDPV 10, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/207/mode/1up 207], [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/292/mode/1up 292]</ref> Reruntuhan gereja digambarkan dalam tahun 1880-an.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, pp.
Reruntuhan lain yang disebut "al-Burj Beitin" ("menara Beitin"; "''the Tower of Beitin''") atau hanya ''al-Burj'' terletak di bagian barat kota.<ref name="STFJ"/> Juga digambar dalam tahun 1880-an.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/217/mode/1up 217] (ill.)</ref> Reruntuhan Burj sekitar 1 meter tingginya, dan tampaknya dibangun di atas reruntuhan yaitu biara [[Bizantin]] yang ada sebelumnya.<ref>Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 522</ref> Ada yang percaya bahwa bangunan itu didirikan di atas situs di mana [[Abraham]] mendirikan mezbah.<ref name="VP"/><ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/307/mode/1up 307]</ref> Menurut sarjana Alkitab [[:En:Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] yang mengunjungi [[Palestina]] pada abad ke-19, al-Burj Beitin terbuat dari batu-batu ''dilapidated'' yang digunakan untuk membentuk sebagian benteng dan gereja Yunani.<ref name="Robinson">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n147/mode/1up/search/Beitin 125]-130.</ref> Al-Burj was used as a watch tower by the Crusaders.<ref name="STFJ"/>
== Demografi ==
[[Berkas:Bitin147.jpg|jmpl|ka|Pemandangan Beitin dari tepi jalan, 2011]]
Pada tahun 1945 populasi Beitin berjumlah 690, menurut survei tanah dan penduduk resmi.<ref name=Hadawi64/>
Pada tahun 1997, [[Palestinian refugee|para pengungsi Palestina]] berjumlah tepat 30% populasi, yang berjumlah 1.510 saat itu.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119061257/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx |date=2008-11-19 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].</ref>
Menurut [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS), Beitin mempunyai populasi lebih dari 3.050 penduduk pada tahun 2006.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS)</ref> Pada tahun 2007, suatu sensus PCBS mencatat populasi 2.143 orang (1.128 pria dan 1.015 wanita). Ada 717 rumah di desa itu dan rata-rata setiap rumah tangga terdiri dari 4,9 anggota keluarga.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS Census]. [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]. p.114.</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 22 ⟶ 91:
== Pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
* {{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/284/mode/1up 284])
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
* {{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
* {{cite book|last= Easton|first=M. G.|authorlink=Matthew George Easton|year=1893|url= https://archive.org/details/illustratedbible00east |title= Illustrated Bible dictionary|publisher= Harper & brothers }}
* {{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I. | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=[[Tel Aviv]]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
* {{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
* {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher= }}
* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}} (pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/205/mode/1up 205]-206)
* {{cite book|last=Grant|first=E.|authorlink=Elihu Grant|year=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantrypalest01grangoog |title=The Peasantry of Palestine|publisher=The Pilgrim Press|location= Boston, New York [etc.]}}
* {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
* {{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlink = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
* {{cite book | last =Lutfiyya | first =Abdulla M. | title = Baytin : A Jordanian Village : A Study Of Social Institutions And Social Change In A Folk Community.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C | publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]] | year = 1966 | isbn = 3111396150}}
* {{cite book | editor =Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
* {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
* {{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume I A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ|first =Denys|last =Pringle|year=1993|ISBN=0 521 39036 2 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
* {{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht | title = Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 10 | pages = 195–344 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut| year = 1887}}
* {{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| authorlink = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
* {{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlink = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
* {{cite book|last=Tristram|first=H.B. |authorlink=Henry Baker Tristram|year=1865|url=https://archive.org/details/landisraelajour01trisgoog|title= Land of Israel, A Journal of travel in Palestine, undertaken with special reference to its physical character|location=London|publisher=[[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]]}}
* {{cite book |editor =Wilson, C.W. |editorlink=Charles William Wilson |title= Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquepales01wilsuoft|volume=1 |year=c. 1881|publisher= [[D. Appleton & Company|D. Appleton]] |location=New York}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 30 ⟶ 124:
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (profil desa)], ARIJ
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/images/english/Beitin_ap_en.jpg Beitin (foto udara)], ARIJ
{{Commonscat}}
{{coord|31|55|42|N|35|14|18|E|region:PS|display=title}}
[[Kategori:Kota Kanaan]]
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