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|altUnoSp=Bittin
|governorate=rb
 
|latd=31 |latm=55 |lats=42 |latNS=N
|longd=35 |longm=14|longs=18 |longEW=E
 
|coordinates = {{coord|31|55|42|N|35|14|18|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
|palgrid=172/148
Baris 21 ⟶ 25:
 
'''Beitin''' ({{lang-ar|<big>بيتين</big>}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Bitīn}}'') adalah suatu kota [[Bangsa Palestina|Palestina di]] Kegubernuran Ramallah dan al-Bireh di [[Tepi Barat]], terletak {{Convert|5|km|mi|sp=us}} timur laut [[Ramallah]] pada jalur Ramallah-Nablus. Kota-kota Palestina Dura al-Qar' dan Ein Yabrud terletak di sebelah utara, Rammun di timur, Deir Dibwan di tenggara dan [[al-Bireh]] di barat daya. Pemukiman Israel "Beit El" terletak di barat laut Beitin.
 
== Geografi ==
Ada beberapa mata air di sekitar Beitin, yang mengairi kebun-kebun zaitun, [[Badam|almond]], [[Tin|buah ara]] dan plum.<ref name="JMCC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm#beitin|title=Palestinian Cultural Sites: Beitin-Ramallah|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310193404/http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm#beitin|archive-date=2007-03-10|access-date=2011-12-19}}</ref>
Baris 27 ⟶ 32:
 
=== Jaman antikuitas ===
Pemukiman manusia di lokasi Beitin bertarikh sedini periode [[Zaman tembaga|Chalcolithic]]. Penggalian arkeologi pada tahun 1950 menemukan alat-alat batu, tembikar, dan tulang hewan dari waktu itu. Pada [[Zaman Perunggu|Awal Zaman Perunggu]] (sekitar 3200 SM) biasanya populasi nomaden menetap di daerah tersebut. Pemakaman [[Kanaan]], rumah-rumah dan pemerasan minyak zaitun ditemukan di sebelah utara dan tenggara dari desa itu. Sisa-sisa kuil Kanaan juga ditemukan oleh para arkeolog.<ref name="TWP">{{Cite journal|date=2007-07-09|title=Site of the Week: Beitin|url=http://thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=762&ed=68&edid=68|access-date=2011-12-19|journal=|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002133/http://thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=762&ed=68&edid=68|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada Zaman Perunggu Tengah (sekitar tahun 1750 SM) statusnya diangkat dari desa menjadi kota benteng Kanaan yang diyakini bernama Luz.<ref name="STFJ">[http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/048discuss.html Luza, also Bethel - (Beitin)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003050538/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/048discuss.html |date=2013-10-03 }} Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem. 2000-12-19.</ref> Dua gerbang kota bertarikh periode ini telah digali, satu di timur dan yang lain di sebelah barat laut pada tembok kota. Bait suci kedua dibangun di Luz selama periode ini, tetapi hancur akibat gempa bumi.
 
Pecahan dari [[Zaman Perunggu|Awal Zaman Perunggu]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Menengah Zaman Perunggu]], [[Zaman Perunggu|Zaman Perunggu Tengah]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Akhir Zaman Perunggu]], [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Zaman Besi]] I dan II, [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|persia]], [[Periode Hellenistik|Hellenistic]] and [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Roman]] yang telah ditemukan.<ref name="Finkelstein518">Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 518</ref>
Baris 38 ⟶ 43:
 
[[Sherd]]s from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]]<ref name=Finkelstein518/><ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 835</ref> and [[Crusader states|Crusader]]/[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] eras have been found.<ref name=Finkelstein518/>
-->▼
===Ottoman era===
=== Zaman Utsmaniyah ===
The region had been part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] since 1517 and after Beitin was reestablished, the town came under the administration of the ''[[Mutasarrif]]'' ("Governorate") of Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/localiteis.aspx?idd=819&type=locality|title=Palestinian Places: Beitin|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} In the early 19th century, people from [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]] and other places migrated to Beitin<ref name="STFJ"/><ref>Lutfiyya, 1966, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C&pg=PA36 36]</ref> and built a [[mosque]] near the church's old site.<ref name="VP">[http://www.visitpalestine.ps/index.php?lang=en&page=sites.what_to_see.ramallah.bittin Visit Palestine: Bittin] Visit Palestine.</ref>▼
 
▲<!--The region had been part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] since 1517 and after Beitin was reestablished, the town came under the administration of the ''[[Mutasarrif]]'' ("Governorate") of Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/localiteis.aspx?idd=819&type=locality|title=Palestinian Places: Beitin|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October-->Pada 2013}}awal Inabad the early 19th centuryke-19, peopleorang-orang fromdari [[Transjordan (region)|TransjordanTrans-Yordan]] anddan othertempat-tempat placeslain migratedpindah toke Beitin<ref name="STFJ"/><ref>Lutfiyya, 1966, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C&pg=PA36 36]</ref> anddan builtmembangun asebuah [[mosquemasjid]] neardekat the church'ssitus oldgereja sitesebelumnya.<ref name="VP">[http://www.visitpalestine.ps/index.php?lang=en&page=sites.what_to_see.ramallah.bittin Visit Palestine: Bittin] Visit Palestine.</ref>
In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 400 inhabitants,<ref name=Guerin>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n27/mode/1up 14]-26</ref> while an Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that Beitin had an adult male population of 140, in a total of 55 houses (thus excluding women and children).<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/148/mode/1up 148]. It was noted in the Bire District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up 127] also noted 55 houses</ref> ▼
<!--▼
▲In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 400 inhabitants,<ref name=Guerin>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n27/mode/1up 14]-26</ref> while an Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that Beitin had an adult male population of 140, in a total of 55 houses (thus excluding women and children).<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/148/mode/1up 148]. It was noted in the Bire District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up 127] also noted 55 houses</ref>
 
In 1882 the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Beitin as a village "built on the side of a flat spur which rises slightly on the north. On the south-east is a flat dell, with good fig and [[pomegranate]] gardens, and there are other fig-trees round the village and among the houses. The cottages have a ruinous appearance, with rough stone walls. There is one square white house in two stories, which is visible from a great distance. The ground is very open, and the slopes gentle; the village slopes down gradually south-east. The surrounding ground is quite bare of trees, of white [[chalk]], very barren and stony on the south; of hard [[limestone]] cropping up on the north; the fields divided off by low drystone walls. The contrast of the grey rocks, the red ploughland and the dark green figs is very striking. The remains of a good-sized tower exist towards the north, and on the south the walls of a church of [[Crusading]] date, once dedicated to [[St. Joseph]]. The population is stated at 400. The place is supplied from a fine spring on the south, which wells up in a circular basin. The spring is double, and was surrounded with a large reservoir, 314 feet long north-west and south-east, by 217 feet; of massive stones. The eastern and southern walls are standing about 10 feet high. The spring is [[perennial]]..." <ref name=SWP295>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/295/mode/1up 295]-296</ref>
 
In 1896 the population of ''Betin'' was estimated to be about 360 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n228/mode/1up 121]</ref>
 
In 1907, small gardens and a few old tombs were found in the vicinity, and the Muslim population was known for its strength and fearlessness.<ref>Grant, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/peasantryofpales00granrich#page/218/mode/1up/search/baytin 218]</ref>
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===British MandateZaman Mandat Britania era===
<!--In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Baitin'' had a population of 446; all [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]</ref> increasing at the time of the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 566, still all Muslim, in 135 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 47]</ref>
-->
 
In theDalam [[Village Statistics, 1945|statistika tahun 1945 statistics]] the populationpopulasi wasberjumlah 690 MuslimsMuslim,<ref name=1945p26>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]</ref> sedangkan whileluas thetanah total land area wasseluruhnya 4,.764 [[dunam]]s, accordingmenurut tosurvey antanah officialdan landpenduduk and population surveyresmi.<ref name=Hadawi64>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]</ref><!-- Of this, 1,348 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,853 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-111.jpg 111]</ref> while 38 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-161.jpg 161]</ref>
 
===Jordanian era===
Baris 58 ⟶ 65:
 
In 1961, a Jordanian census found the population to be 1,017.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24] It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a [[mukhtar]].</ref>
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===Post- Pasca 1967 ===▼
After theSetelah [[Six-DayPerang Enam WarHari]] inpada tahun 1967, Beitin has, withsebagaimana thewilayah restTepi ofBarat the West Banklain, been held under [[Israeli-occupiedWilayah pendudukan territoriesIsrael|Israelididuduki occupationoleh Israel]]. ThePopulasi populationmenurut insensus thetahun 1967 censusyang conducteddilakukan byoleh thepemerintah IsraeliIsrael authorities wasberjumlah 958, ofdi whommana 134 berasal originated from thedari Israeliteritori territoryIsrael.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |publisher= |access-date=23 January 2018 |quote=}}</ref>▼
 
After theAkibat [[:En:Oslo II Accord|perjanjian 1995 accords]], 19,1% oftanah thedesa village land is classified asdigolongkan sebagai [[Area B]], while the remainingsementara 80.9% issisanya defined asdigolongkan tanah [[:En:Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] land (fulldalam Israelikontrol controlIsrael penuh). BeitinTanah villagedesa landBeitin hasjuga alsodiambilalih beenuntuk takenmembangun inpost orderluar to construct the illegal Israeli outpostIsrael, [[Givat Asaf]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (village profile)], ARIJ, pp. 17-19</ref><ref>Nahum Barnea, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html 'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank'], [[Ynet]] 18 March 2016.</ref>▼
▲===Post-1967===
▲After the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Beitin has, with the rest of the West Bank, been held under [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]]. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 958, of whom 134 originated from the Israeli territory.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |publisher= |access-date=23 January 2018 |quote=}}</ref>
 
▲After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 19,1% of the village land is classified as [[Area B]], while the remaining 80.9% is defined as [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] land (full Israeli control). Beitin village land has also been taken in order to construct the illegal Israeli outpost [[Givat Asaf]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (village profile)], ARIJ, pp. 17-19</ref><ref>Nahum Barnea, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html 'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank'], [[Ynet]] 18 March 2016.</ref>
 
OnPada tanggal 19 December,Desember 2011, [[Israeli settler|para pemukim Israel]]s weredituduh accused of carrying out a secondmenjalankan [[price tag policy|priceserangan tag attackharga]] inkedua dalam onlyhanya fourempat dayshari, indi whichmana fivelima Palestinian-ownedmobil carsmilik wereorang burntPalestina anddibakar thedan wallstembok-tembok ofbeberapa severalrumah housesdisemprot weredengan sprayed with graffiticoret-coretan.<ref name=Maan446133>{{cite news|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=446133|title=Settlers burn 5 cars in Ramallah village|work=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|date=2011-12-19|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> DuringDalam theinsiden first incidentpertama (15 December,Desember 2011), thepara assailantspenyerang nottidak onlyhanya vandalizedmemvandalisasi asebuah mosquemasjid, buttetapi alsojuga attackedmenyerang ansebuah basis militer [[IsraeliPasukan DefensePertahanan ForcesIsrael|Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (''IDF'')]] militarydi baseTepi in the West BankBarat, injuringmelukai aseorang topkomandan Israeli commanderIsrael.<ref name=NewsOK.com>{{cite news | last =Teibel | first =Amy | coauthors = | title = Jewish radicals get off hook in Israel| work = | pages = | language = English|publisher =NewsOK.com | date =15 December 2011 | url =http://newsok.com/article/feed/327312 | accessdate =17 February 2017 }}</ref> AccordingMenurut topara witnessessaksi ofinsiden the second incidentkedua, thetentara IsraeliIsrael armymembubarkan dispersedpara thepemukim settlerstanpa withoutmenahan arresting any of themmereka,<ref name=Maan446133/> presumablytermasuk alsoyang thosediduga whomenyerang attackedkomandan the Israeli commanderIsrael, althoughmeskipun fourinsiden daysempat earlierhari thesebelumnya incidentmembuat hadPerdana promptedMenteri Israeli Prime-MinisterIsrael, Benjamin Netanyahu, to sayberkata: "WeKami won'ttidak letakan themmembiarkan attackmereka ourmenyerang soldierstentara kami. WeKami won'ttidak letakan themmembiarkan ignitemereka amenyulut religiousperang waragama withdengan ourpara neighborstetangga kami. WeKami won'ttidak letakan themmembiarkan desecratemereka mosquesmenajiskan masjid-masjid. WeKami won'ttidak akan membiarkan mereka letmelukai themorang harmYahudi Jewsmaupun ororang ArabsArab."<ref name=NewsOK.com/>
 
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== Markah tanah ==
[[Berkas:Al-Burj-Beitin.jpg|jmpl|Reruntuhan al-Burj, 1935]]
Reruntuhan gereja Bizantium yang dikenal dalam bahasa Arab sebagai "al-Muqater" atau "Khirbet al-Kenise" ("Reruntuhan Gereja").<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up 305]</ref> Menurut Röhricht, ketika [[Perang Salib|tentara Salib]] tiba, mereka menemukan sebuah gereja hancur. Mereka membangun dan menempatkannya pertama di bawah Biara [[Yusuf dari Arimatea|St. Yusuf dari Arimatea]], kemudian di bawah Kanon [[Gereja Makam Kudus|Makam Suci]].<ref>Röhricht, 1887, ZDPV 10, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/207/mode/1up 207], [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/292/mode/1up 292]</ref> Reruntuhan gereja digambarkan dalam tahun 1880-an.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/219/mode/1up 219] (ill.), [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/221/mode/1up 221]</ref><ref>Pringle, 1993, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=&f=false 104] -105</ref>
▲<!--
 
AnotherReruntuhan ruin,lain calledyang disebut "al-Burj Beitin" ("menara Beitin"; "''the Tower of Beitin''") oratau simplyhanya ''al-Burj'' isterletak locateddi bagian inbarat the western part of the townkota.<ref name="STFJ"/> TheyJuga weredigambar alsodalam drawntahun in the 1880s1880-an.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/217/mode/1up 217] (ill.)</ref> The ruins of theReruntuhan Burj are aboutsekitar 1 meter talltingginya, anddan apparentlytampaknya builtdibangun di onatas thereruntuhan olderyaitu ruins of abiara [[ByzantineBizantin]] monasteryyang ada sebelumnya.<ref>Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 522</ref> SomeAda haveyang believedpercaya thatbahwa itbangunan wasitu didirikan di constructedatas onsitus thedi site wheremana [[Abraham]] builtmendirikan an [[altar]]mezbah.<ref name="VP"/><ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/307/mode/1up 307]</ref> AccordingMenurut tosarjana biblical scholarAlkitab [[:En:Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] whoyang visitedmengunjungi [[Palestine (region)|PalestinePalestina]] inpada theabad 19th centuryke-19, al-Burj Beitin consistedterbuat ofdari batu-batu ''dilapidated'' stonesyang thatdigunakan useduntuk tomembentuk formsebagian partbenteng ofdan agereja fortress and a Greek churchYunani.<ref name="Robinson">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n147/mode/1up/search/Beitin 125]-130.</ref> Al-Burj was used as a watch tower by the Crusaders.<ref name="STFJ"/>
 
==Demographics Demografi ==
[[FileBerkas:Bitin147.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|RoadsidePemandangan viewBeitin ofdari Beitintepi jalan, 2011]]
InPada tahun 1945 the population of populasi Beitin wasberjumlah 690, menurut according to an officialsurvei landtanah anddan populationpenduduk surveyresmi.<ref name=Hadawi64/>
 
InPada tahun 1997, [[Palestinian refugee|para pengungsi Palestina]]s accountedberjumlah for exactlytepat 30% of the populationpopulasi, whichyang wasberjumlah 1,.510 atsaat the timeitu.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119061257/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx |date=2008-11-19 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].</ref>
 
According to theMenurut [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS), Beitin hadmempunyai apopulasi populationlebih of overdari 3,.050 inhabitantspenduduk pada intahun 2006.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS)</ref> InPada tahun 2007, asuatu sensus PCBS censusmencatat recorded a population ofpopulasi 2,.143 orang (1,.128 menpria anddan 1,.015 womenwanita). There wereAda 717 homesrumah indi thedesa villageitu anddan therata-rata averagesetiap householdrumah sizetangga consistedterdiri ofdari 4.,9 familyanggota memberskeluarga.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS Census]. [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]. p.114.</ref>
 
▲-->
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 90 ⟶ 92:
== Pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
* {{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/284/mode/1up 284])
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
* {{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
* {{cite book|last= Easton|first=M. G.|authorlink=Matthew George Easton|year=1893|url= https://archive.org/details/illustratedbible00east |title= Illustrated Bible dictionary|publisher= Harper & brothers }}
* {{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I. | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=[[Tel Aviv]]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
* {{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
* {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher= }}
* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}} (pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/205/mode/1up 205]-206)
* {{cite book|last=Grant|first=E.|authorlink=Elihu Grant|year=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantrypalest01grangoog |title=The Peasantry of Palestine|publisher=The Pilgrim Press|location= Boston, New York [etc.]}}
* {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
* {{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlink = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
* {{cite book | last =Lutfiyya | first =Abdulla M. | title = Baytin : A Jordanian Village : A Study Of Social Institutions And Social Change In A Folk Community.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C | publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]] | year = 1966 | isbn = 3111396150}}
* {{cite book | editor =Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
* {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
* {{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume I A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ|first =Denys|last =Pringle|year=1993|ISBN=0 521 39036 2 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
* {{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht | title = Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 10 | pages = 195–344 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut| year = 1887}}
* {{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| authorlink = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
* {{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlink = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
* {{cite book|last=Tristram|first=H.B. |authorlink=Henry Baker Tristram|year=1865|url=https://archive.org/details/landisraelajour01trisgoog|title= Land of Israel, A Journal of travel in Palestine, undertaken with special reference to its physical character|location=London|publisher=[[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]]}}
* {{cite book |editor =Wilson, C.W. |editorlink=Charles William Wilson |title= Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquepales01wilsuoft|volume=1 |year=c. 1881|publisher= [[D. Appleton & Company|D. Appleton]] |location=New York}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 122 ⟶ 124:
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (profil desa)], ARIJ
* [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/images/english/Beitin_ap_en.jpg Beitin (foto udara)], ARIJ
{{Commonscat}}
{{coord|31|55|42|N|35|14|18|E|region:PS|display=title}}
 
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