Wikipedia

Ekonomi Iran: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
k Robot: Perubahan kosmetika
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
691.426 suntingan
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
 
(21 revisi perantara oleh 7 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
'''Ekonomi [[Iran]]''' terbagi kedalam tiga sektor yaitu sektor kerajaan, sektor [[koperasi]] (kerjasama serikat) dan sektor swasta.
 
Sektor negara meliputi industri-industri berat, perdagangan internasional, pertambangan, perbankan dan asuransi, irigasi, komunikasi, transportasi umum dan lain-lain. Semua sektor ini berada dibawahdi bawah penguasaan kerajaan Iran. Sektor koperasi meliputi kerjasama-kerjasama serikat-serikat dan perusahaan-perusahaan swasta yang ingin mengembangkan operasi mereka di kawasan kota dan luar kota. Sektor swasta yang dimanadi mana operasi mereka adalah konstruksi, pertanian, industri, perdagangan dan jasa. Operasi-operasi ini bertindak sebagai penyokong sektor kerajaan dan koperasi. Dewasa ini, peranan sektor swasta dikembangkan lagi dengan penswastaan 80% sektor negara.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/business/story/2006/07/060716_ra-rm-article44.shtml Berita dari BBC]</ref>
 
== Sektor Ekonomi ==
=== Sektor Ekonomi Makro ===
Pada awal abad ke-21, sektor jasa merupakan sektor merupakan penyumbang terbesar dalam pendapatan kotor Iran. Industri kedua terbesar adalah pertambangan diikuti dengan pertanian. Lebih kurang 45% dari pendapatan negara berasal dari hasil pertambangan minyak dan gas alam. 31% pula merupakan hasil cukai. Defisit perbelanjaan Iran merupakan antara masalah yang kronik dan disebabkan dari subsidi sektor-sektor industri berat yang bernilai USD 30 milyarmiliar setiap tahun (2006).<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/205986/3/ |title=Berita dari ''Daily Herald''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513054128/http://heraldextra.com/content/view/205986/3 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>.
 
Sektor industri yang meliputi pertambangan, pembuatan dan konstruksi menyumbang 42 persen pendapatan Iran dan menggaji 31 persen tenaga buruh Iran. Hasil pertambangan terutama [[petroluem]] merupakan ekspor utama Iran (89 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan) tetapi menggunakan kurang dari 1 persen tenaga buruh. Negara Iran telah sejak lama memberagamkan ekonomi Iran dengan membuat pelaburan dalam [[industri otomitif]], industri luar angkasa, elektronik, petrokimia dan nuklir. Iran juga mempunyai potensi yang besar dalam pertambangan, dan pariwisata,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranyellowpages.net/en/about_iran/Tourism/Index.shtm |title=Pelancongan di Iran daripada ''Iran yellow pages''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2013-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322050138/http://www.iranyellowpages.net/en/about_iran/tourism/index.shtm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, dan juga informasi teknologi.
 
=== Pertanian ===
 
[[Berkas:604px-Iran_major_crops78.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Peta mengenai tanaman utama iran. Pada tahun 1997 saja, hasil kasar pertanian berjumlah Dolar USD 25 milyar.]]
{{Utama|Pertanian Iran}}
 
Seperempat dari jumlah ekspor Iran (tidak termasuk ekspor petroleum) adalah dari sektor pertanian. Sektor ini menyumbang sebanyak 11 persen pendapatan negara Iran pada tahun 2004 dan mempekerjakan 23 persen dari tenaga buruh. Sejak tahun 1979, pertanian komersilkomersial mulai menggantikan pertanian berskala kecil.
 
Tanaman utama Iran ad asalah [[gandum]], [[beras]] dan [[bali]]. Namun begitu, bekalan gandum dan beras gagal memenuhi permintaan tempatan menyebabkan bahan ini diimpot masuk. Tanaman-tanaman utama lain ialah ubi kentang, legum, sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, tebu dan rempah ratus. Terdapat juga penternakan lebah untuk sumber madu dan juga ladang ladang sutera untuk penghasilan sutera. Sumber ternakan utama pula ialah kambing, lembu, ayam, telur dan hasil tenusu. Ekspot pertanian utama Iran ialah buah-buahan, makanan yang diproses dan rempah.
Baris 20:
Industri berat mulai diperkenalkan di [[Iran]] pada tahun 1920-an dan berkembang dengan begitu pesat. Namun, [[Perang Iran-Iraq]] memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur-infrastruktur industri berat di Iran seperti pusat kilang minyak di [[Abadan]]. Akibat lain dari perang ini ialah kemunculan industri-industri pembuatan kecil yang menggantikan peranan industri-industri besar terutama dalam pembuatan senjata api dan keperluan militer.
 
Saat ini, industri pembuatan utama Iran ialah petrokimia, keluli, dan pembuatan bahan tembaga. Industri lain termasuk juga industri otomotif,<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/18/8386173/index.htm?postversion=2006091209 Dipetik dari berita CNN]</ref>, barangan elektrik dan komunikasi, simen, pembuatan jentera,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf |title=www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903205508/http://www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, perkilangan kertas, getah, karpet, dan farmasi
 
Selain itu, Iran juga turut maju dalam industri pertahanan dan militer. Sejak tahun 1992, Organisasi Industri Pertahanan Iran telah berhasil memproduksi tank baja, pesawat pejuang, peluru kendali, dan kapal selam.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,156160,00.html Sumber dari ''Fox News'']</ref>. Pada tahun 2006, Iran mengimpor pengeluaran industri ini ke 57 negara di seluruh dunia termasuk negara-negara NATO. Hasil perdagangan ini bernilai AS$100 juta.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 |title=Sumber berita dari ''Irib News''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2008-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213202418/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 |title=Sumber berita dari ''Irib News''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213942/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0504180977155424.htm Sumber dari laman web Irna.ir]</ref>.
 
=== Petroleum Dan Gas Alam ===
 
[[Berkas:Iran ogdetail.gif|thumb|left|200px|Peta menunjukkan projek-projek perpaipan dan panggalian minyak dan gas alam di Iran.]]
Minyak mentah pertama kali ditemukan di Iran. Sejak saat itu, perdagangan minyak menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi Iran. Pada tahun 70an, Iran merupakan negara dengan produksi petroleum ke-empat terbesar dunia. Setelah [[Revolusi Iran]] pada tahun [[1979]], kerajaan Iran melancarkan proyek pemeliharaan minyak dengan mengurangi pengeluarannya. Perang Iran-Iraq yang tercetus pada tahun berikutnya memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur penggalian dan perkilangan menyebabkan produksi minyak menurun. Namun begitu, pada tahun 1980an, produksi minyak Iran meningkat lagi berikut perbaikan infrastruktur minyak dan juga penemuan telaga minyak baru di [[Teluk Persia]]. Pada tahun 2004, jumlah produksi minyak Iran pertahun adalah 1.4 milyarmiliar tong minyak yang membawa keuntungan bersih berjumlah AS$ 50 milyarmiliar.<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003494872_iranoil26.html Sumber dari berita ''Seattle Times'']</ref>. Iran juga turut mempunyai simpanan gas alam kedua terbesar di dunia (15 % dari simpanan gas alam dunia) dan kebanyakan digunakan untuk tujuan domestik.
 
=== Pertambangan ===
Baris 50:
* {{cite news |title = Preventing Iran's post-sanctions job crisis |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/07/job-creation-highest-priority-post-sanctions-iran.html# |accessdate = July 27, 2015 |date = July 17, 2015 |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = How the nuclear deal will help Iran's economy |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/economic-impact-iran-nuclear-deal.html# |accessdate = April 12, 2015 |date = April 10, 2015 |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget |work = [[Hooshang Amirahmadi]] |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |accessdate = February 21, 2015 |date = February 16, 2015 |publisher = Payvand.com |archive-date = 2016-08-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160821225253/http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's new budget to focus on privatization, subsidy reforms |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/01/iran-economic-forecast-2015.html |accessdate = February 2, 2015 |date = January 8, 2015 |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran Lures Investors Anticipating Nuclear Deal May End Sanctions |url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-17/iran-lures-investors-seeing-nuclear-deal-ending-sanctions.html |accessdate = August 20, 2014 |date = August 17, 2014 |first1 = Jeremy |last1 = Khan |publisher = [[Bloomberg News]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Assets of the Ayatollah |work = [[Reuters]] |url = http://www.reuters.com/investigates/iran/ |accessdate = December 7, 2013 |date = November 11, 2013 |first1 = Steve |last1 = Stecklow |first2 = Babak |last2 = Dehghanpisheh |first3 = Yeganeh |last3 = Torbati }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's bold economic reform – Economic jihad |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/18867440 |accessdate = April 7, 2012 |date = June 23, 2011 }}
* {{cite web |title = The Revolutionary Economy |url = http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/revolutionary-economy |accessdate = November 16, 2010 |work = [[United States Institute of Peace]] |first = Suzanne |last = Maloney |authorlink = }}
* {{cite web |title = Where Did Iran's Islamic Economy Come From and Where Did it Go? |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |publisher = Payvand.com |date = October 25, 2010 |accessdate = October 25, 2010 |first = Sohrab |last = Behdad |authorlink = |archive-date = 2010-10-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101028150310/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's economic self-mutilation |url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JH26Ak01.html |work = [[Asia Times Online]] |date = August 26, 2008 |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |first = Hossein |last = Askari |archive-date = 2012-01-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181828/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JH26Ak01.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news |title = Ambitious modernization program for the Tehran Stock Exchange |url = http://www.albawaba.com/news/iran-%E2%80%93-ambitious-modernization-program-tehran-stock-exchange |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |date = June 22, 2007 |work = [[Global Investment House]] |format = }}
* {{cite web |title = Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine |url = http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB118072271215621679 |date = June 2, 2007 |accessdate = July 23, 2014 |first = Andrew |last = Higgins |work = [[Wall Street Journal]] |authorlink = }}
* {{cite news |title = Still failing, still defiant |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/3471508 |date = December 9, 2004 |accessdate = July 23, 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title = Millionaire Mullahs |work = [[Forbes]] |url = http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/0721/056.html |date = July 21, 2003 |accessdate = March 16, 2008 |first = Paul |last = Klebnikov |authorlink = Paul Klebnikov }}
Baris 82:
;Pemerintah
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Annual Review 2013/14 |work = |publisher = [[Central Bank of Iran]] |date = February 2015 |url = http://www.cbi.ir/Newestdoc.aspx?id=0&dn=AnnualReview_en&dl=1 |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |archive-date = 2019-05-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502004721/https://www.cbi.ir/Newestdoc.aspx?id=0&dn=AnnualReview_en&dl=1 |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Annual Review 2012/13 |work = |publisher = [[Central Bank of Iran]] |date = July 2014 |url = http://www.cbi.ir/page/11992.aspx |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |archive-date = 2014-08-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808223618/http://www.cbi.ir/page/11992.aspx |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = A Review of the Iranian Tax System |work = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)#Organization of Investment and Economic and Technical Assistance|Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran]] |publisher = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)]] |date = January 2014 |url = http://www.oietai.ir/en/whyiran1/tax |format = |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2014-09-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140907125747/http://www.oietai.ir/en/whyiran1/tax |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Katzman |first = Kenneth |authorlink = |title = Iran Sanctions |work = |publisher = U.S. [[Congressional Research Service]] |date = January 2014 |url = https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Memorandum of the foreign trade regime of Iran |work = |publisher = [[Ministry of Commerce (Iran)]] |date = November 2009 |url = http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713054415/http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |archivedate = July 13, 2013 |postscript = . }}
Baris 97:
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = |title = Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran |work = |publisher = Iran Entrepreneurship Association |date = Winter 2014 |url = http://www.cgiran.org/main/images/files/20140429102612_IranEntrepreneurshipEcosystemReport-IEA2013-v2.pdf |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150913025022/http://www.cgiran.org/main/images/files/20140429102612_IranEntrepreneurshipEcosystemReport-IEA2013-v2.pdf |archivedate = September 13, 2015 |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = IMF Staff Report |title = Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = April 2014 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1493.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Investment Guide To Iran |work = |publisher = Atieh Bahar Consulting |date = February 2014 |url = http://www.atiehbahar.com/eninvestmentText/103/Iran-Investment-Guide/default.aspx |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2014-03-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140317015123/http://www.atiehbahar.com/eninvestmentText/103/Iran-Investment-Guide/default.aspx |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = April 2011 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2011/mcd/eng/pdf/mreo0411.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = October 2010 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2010/mcd/eng/10/mreo1024.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Salehi-Isfahani |first = Djavad |authorlink = Djavad Salehi-Isfahani |title = Iranian Youth in Times of Economic Crisis |work = |publisher = The Dubai Initiative |date = September 2010 |url = http://filebox.vt.edu/users/salehi/Iranian%20youth.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = IMF Staff Report |title = Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = March 2010 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/cr1074.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Economic Prospects for the Middle East and North Africa Region |work = |publisher = [[World Bank]] |date = January 2010 |url = http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP2010/Resources/GEP2010Summer2010-MENAAnnex.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Normalization of Economic Relations: Consequences for Iran’s Economy and the United States |work = |publisher = (US) [[National Foreign Trade Council]] |year = 2008 |url = http://www.nftc.org/default/trade/NFTC%20Iran%20Normalizaton%20Book.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = The N-11: More Than an Acronym |work = |publisher = [[Goldman Sachs]] |date = March 2007 |url = http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2010-03-31 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100331050553/http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review – The Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] |date = February 2005 |url = http://unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20057_en.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran |work = |publisher = [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] |year = 2003 |url = http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2013-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060902/http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Nichols |first = Brian |author2 = Sahay, Sundeep |title = Building Iran's Software Industry |work = [[University of Manchester]] |publisher = Institute for Development Policy and Management |year = 2003 |url = http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042110/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = Islamic Republic of Iran – Services for Agriculture and Rural Development |work = |publisher = [[World Bank]] |date = June 1994 |url = http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1994/06/20/000009265_3961004234937/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
{{Refend}}
Baris 113:
;Video
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = A look at Iran’s 6th development plans |url = http://presstv.com/Video/2015/08/05/423337/Iran-development-plans |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2015 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071402/http://presstv.com/Video/2015/08/05/423337/Iran-development-plans |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran government’s economic fight |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/20/375967/iran-governments-economic-fight/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2014-09-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140901080423/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/20/375967/iran-governments-economic-fight/ |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Boosting international trade in Iran |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/13/375130/boosting-international-trade-in-iran/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2014-08-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140821022155/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/13/375130/boosting-international-trade-in-iran/ |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Leader urges serious pursuit of ‘resistance economy’ |url = http://presstv.com/Program/353344.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054610/http://presstv.com/Program/353344.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Latest on Iran’s subsidy reform plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/330904.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = October 2013 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2013-12-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131214181809/http://presstv.com/Program/330904.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economy under sanctions |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/253842.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = July 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-08-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120805112012/http://presstv.com/Program/253842.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran’s “Economy of Resistance” |url = http://presstv.com/Program/243804.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-06-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603150442/http://presstv.com/Program/243804.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's New Commercial Law on a Five-Year Trial run |url = http://presstv.com/section/3510506.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-07-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110711211707/http://presstv.com/section/3510506.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 1391: Year of National Production, Supporting Iranian Capital and Labor |url = http://presstv.com/Program/235016.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-04-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120407211517/http://presstv.com/Program/235016.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economic overhaul |url = http://presstv.com/Program/218651.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = December 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-01-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140333/http://www.presstv.com/Program/218651.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economic development plan |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/194828.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-08-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110822224430/http://presstv.com/Program/194828.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 2011: Year of "Economic Jihad" |url = http://presstv.com/Program/176959.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-10-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111009002110/http://presstv.com/Program/176959.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Budget Bill (FY 2011) |url = http://presstv.com/Program/170721.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-07-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102239/http://presstv.com/Program/170721.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Economic Reform Plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/157036.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = December 2010 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-01-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110119211109/http://presstv.com/Program/157036.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Fifth Development Plan in Majlis |url = http://www.presstv.com/program/153427.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = November 2010 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-01-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110119211053/http://presstv.com/Program/153427.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite video |people = [[Karim Sadjadpour]] |title = Iran's Economic Health and the Impact of Sanctions |url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKnlgnca3AE |medium = [[YouTube]] video |publisher = [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |location = Washington D.C., USA |date = April 2010 }}
* {{Cite video |people = |title = Davos Annual Meeting 2007 – Voices from Iran |url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NDTUz-jxfQ&feature=&p=65A990AE24F4BBE5&index=0&playnext=1 |medium = YouTube video |publisher = [[World Economic Forum]] |location = Davos, Switzerland |date = January 2007 }}
Baris 134:
{{Topik Iran}}
 
[[Kategori:Ekonomi Iran| ]]
[[Kategori:Ekonomi menurut negara]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ekonomi_Iran"