Ekonomi Iran: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Sektor Ekonomi ==
=== Sektor Ekonomi Makro ===
Pada awal abad ke-21, sektor jasa merupakan sektor merupakan penyumbang terbesar dalam pendapatan kotor Iran. Industri kedua terbesar adalah pertambangan diikuti dengan pertanian. Lebih kurang 45% dari pendapatan negara berasal dari hasil pertambangan minyak dan gas alam. 31% pula merupakan hasil cukai. Defisit perbelanjaan Iran merupakan antara masalah yang kronik dan disebabkan dari subsidi sektor-sektor industri berat yang bernilai USD 30
Sektor industri yang meliputi pertambangan, pembuatan dan konstruksi menyumbang 42 persen pendapatan Iran dan menggaji 31 persen tenaga buruh Iran. Hasil pertambangan terutama [[petroluem]] merupakan ekspor utama Iran (89 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan) tetapi menggunakan kurang dari 1 persen tenaga buruh. Negara Iran telah sejak lama memberagamkan ekonomi Iran dengan membuat pelaburan dalam [[industri otomitif]], industri luar angkasa, elektronik, petrokimia dan nuklir. Iran juga mempunyai potensi yang besar dalam pertambangan, dan pariwisata,<ref>
=== Pertanian ===
Baris 13:
{{Utama|Pertanian Iran}}
Seperempat dari jumlah ekspor Iran (tidak termasuk ekspor petroleum) adalah dari sektor pertanian. Sektor ini menyumbang sebanyak 11 persen pendapatan negara Iran pada tahun 2004 dan mempekerjakan 23 persen dari tenaga buruh. Sejak tahun 1979, pertanian
Tanaman utama Iran ad asalah [[gandum]], [[beras]] dan [[bali]]. Namun begitu, bekalan gandum dan beras gagal memenuhi permintaan tempatan menyebabkan bahan ini diimpot masuk. Tanaman-tanaman utama lain ialah ubi kentang, legum, sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, tebu dan rempah ratus. Terdapat juga penternakan lebah untuk sumber madu dan juga ladang ladang sutera untuk penghasilan sutera. Sumber ternakan utama pula ialah kambing, lembu, ayam, telur dan hasil tenusu. Ekspot pertanian utama Iran ialah buah-buahan, makanan yang diproses dan rempah.
Baris 20:
Industri berat mulai diperkenalkan di [[Iran]] pada tahun 1920-an dan berkembang dengan begitu pesat. Namun, [[Perang Iran-Iraq]] memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur-infrastruktur industri berat di Iran seperti pusat kilang minyak di [[Abadan]]. Akibat lain dari perang ini ialah kemunculan industri-industri pembuatan kecil yang menggantikan peranan industri-industri besar terutama dalam pembuatan senjata api dan keperluan militer.
Saat ini, industri pembuatan utama Iran ialah petrokimia, keluli, dan pembuatan bahan tembaga. Industri lain termasuk juga industri otomotif,<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/18/8386173/index.htm?postversion=2006091209 Dipetik dari berita CNN]</ref>
Selain itu, Iran juga turut maju dalam industri pertahanan dan militer. Sejak tahun 1992, Organisasi Industri Pertahanan Iran telah berhasil memproduksi tank baja, pesawat pejuang, peluru kendali, dan kapal selam.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,156160,00.html Sumber dari ''Fox News'']</ref>
=== Petroleum Dan Gas Alam ===
Minyak mentah pertama kali ditemukan di Iran. Sejak saat itu, perdagangan minyak menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi Iran. Pada tahun 70an, Iran merupakan negara dengan produksi petroleum ke-empat terbesar dunia. Setelah [[Revolusi Iran]] pada tahun [[1979]], kerajaan Iran melancarkan proyek pemeliharaan minyak dengan mengurangi pengeluarannya. Perang Iran-Iraq yang tercetus pada tahun berikutnya memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur penggalian dan perkilangan menyebabkan produksi minyak menurun. Namun begitu, pada tahun 1980an, produksi minyak Iran meningkat lagi berikut perbaikan infrastruktur minyak dan juga penemuan telaga minyak baru di [[Teluk Persia]]. Pada tahun 2004, jumlah produksi minyak Iran pertahun adalah 1.4
=== Pertambangan ===
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* {{cite news |title = Preventing Iran's post-sanctions job crisis |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/07/job-creation-highest-priority-post-sanctions-iran.html# |accessdate = July 27, 2015 |date = July 17, 2015 |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = How the nuclear deal will help Iran's economy |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/economic-impact-iran-nuclear-deal.html# |accessdate = April 12, 2015 |date = April 10, 2015 |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget |work = [[Hooshang Amirahmadi]] |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |accessdate = February 21, 2015 |date = February 16, 2015 |publisher = Payvand.com |archive-date = 2016-08-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160821225253/http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |dead-url = yes }}
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* {{cite news |title = Iran Lures Investors Anticipating Nuclear Deal May End Sanctions |url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-17/iran-lures-investors-seeing-nuclear-deal-ending-sanctions.html |accessdate = August 20, 2014 |date = August 17, 2014 |first1 = Jeremy |last1 = Khan |publisher = [[Bloomberg News]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Assets of the Ayatollah |work = [[Reuters]] |url = http://www.reuters.com/investigates/iran/ |accessdate = December 7, 2013 |date = November 11, 2013 |first1 = Steve |last1 = Stecklow |first2 = Babak |last2 = Dehghanpisheh |first3 = Yeganeh |last3 = Torbati }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's bold economic reform – Economic jihad |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/18867440 |accessdate = April 7, 2012 |date = June 23, 2011 }}
* {{cite web |title = The Revolutionary Economy |url = http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/revolutionary-economy |accessdate = November 16, 2010 |work = [[United States Institute of Peace]] |first = Suzanne |last = Maloney |authorlink = }}
* {{cite web |title = Where Did Iran's Islamic Economy Come From and Where Did it Go? |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |publisher = Payvand.com |date = October 25, 2010 |accessdate = October 25, 2010 |first = Sohrab |last = Behdad |authorlink = |archive-date = 2010-10-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101028150310/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's economic self-mutilation |url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JH26Ak01.html |work = [[Asia Times Online]] |date = August 26, 2008 |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |first = Hossein |last = Askari |archive-date = 2012-01-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181828/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JH26Ak01.html |dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news |title = Ambitious modernization program for the Tehran Stock Exchange |url = http://www.albawaba.com/news/iran-%E2%80%93-ambitious-modernization-program-tehran-stock-exchange |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |date = June 22, 2007 |work = [[Global Investment House]] |format = }}
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* {{cite news |title = Still failing, still defiant |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/3471508 |date = December 9, 2004 |accessdate = July 23, 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title = Millionaire Mullahs |work = [[Forbes]] |url = http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/0721/056.html |date = July 21, 2003 |accessdate = March 16, 2008 |first = Paul |last = Klebnikov |authorlink = Paul Klebnikov }}
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;Pemerintah
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;Video
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