Ekonomi Iran: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada awal abad ke-21, sektor jasa merupakan sektor merupakan penyumbang terbesar dalam pendapatan kotor Iran. Industri kedua terbesar adalah pertambangan diikuti dengan pertanian. Lebih kurang 45% dari pendapatan negara berasal dari hasil pertambangan minyak dan gas alam. 31% pula merupakan hasil cukai. Defisit perbelanjaan Iran merupakan antara masalah yang kronik dan disebabkan dari subsidi sektor-sektor industri berat yang bernilai USD 30 miliar setiap tahun (2006).<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/205986/3/ |title=Berita dari ''Daily Herald''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513054128/http://heraldextra.com/content/view/205986/3 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>.

Sektor industri yang meliputi pertambangan, pembuatan dan konstruksi menyumbang 42 persen pendapatan Iran dan menggaji 31 persen tenaga buruh Iran. Hasil pertambangan terutama [[petroluem]] merupakan ekspor utama Iran (89 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan) tetapi menggunakan kurang dari 1 persen tenaga buruh. Negara Iran telah sejak lama memberagamkan ekonomi Iran dengan membuat pelaburan dalam [[industri otomitif]], industri luar angkasa, elektronik, petrokimia dan nuklir. Iran juga mempunyai potensi yang besar dalam pertambangan, dan pariwisata,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranyellowpages.net/en/about_iran/Tourism/Index.shtm |title=Pelancongan di Iran daripada ''Iran yellow pages'' |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2013-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322050138/http://www.iranyellowpages.net/en/about_iran/tourism/index.shtm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, dan juga informasi teknologi.

Saat ini, industri pembuatan utama Iran ialah petrokimia, keluli, dan pembuatan bahan tembaga. Industri lain termasuk juga industri otomotif,<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/18/8386173/index.htm?postversion=2006091209 Dipetik dari berita CNN]</ref>, barangan elektrik dan komunikasi, simen, pembuatan jentera,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf |title=www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903205508/http://www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, perkilangan kertas, getah, karpet, dan farmasi

Selain itu, Iran juga turut maju dalam industri pertahanan dan militer. Sejak tahun 1992, Organisasi Industri Pertahanan Iran telah berhasil memproduksi tank baja, pesawat pejuang, peluru kendali, dan kapal selam.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,156160,00.html Sumber dari ''Fox News'']</ref>. Pada tahun 2006, Iran mengimpor pengeluaran industri ini ke 57 negara di seluruh dunia termasuk negara-negara NATO. Hasil perdagangan ini bernilai AS$100 juta.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 |title=Sumber berita dari ''Irib News''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2008-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213202418/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 |title=Sumber berita dari ''Irib News''] |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213942/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0504180977155424.htm Sumber dari laman web Irna.ir]</ref>.

Minyak mentah pertama kali ditemukan di Iran. Sejak saat itu, perdagangan minyak menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi Iran. Pada tahun 70an, Iran merupakan negara dengan produksi petroleum ke-empat terbesar dunia. Setelah [[Revolusi Iran]] pada tahun [[1979]], kerajaan Iran melancarkan proyek pemeliharaan minyak dengan mengurangi pengeluarannya. Perang Iran-Iraq yang tercetus pada tahun berikutnya memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur penggalian dan perkilangan menyebabkan produksi minyak menurun. Namun begitu, pada tahun 1980an, produksi minyak Iran meningkat lagi berikut perbaikan infrastruktur minyak dan juga penemuan telaga minyak baru di [[Teluk Persia]]. Pada tahun 2004, jumlah produksi minyak Iran pertahun adalah 1.4 miliar tong minyak yang membawa keuntungan bersih berjumlah AS$ 50 miliar.<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003494872_iranoil26.html Sumber dari berita ''Seattle Times'']</ref>. Iran juga turut mempunyai simpanan gas alam kedua terbesar di dunia (15 % dari simpanan gas alam dunia) dan kebanyakan digunakan untuk tujuan domestik.

* {{cite news |title = Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget |work = [[Hooshang Amirahmadi]] |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |accessdate = February 21, 2015 |date = February 16, 2015 |publisher = Payvand.com |archive-date = 2016-08-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160821225253/http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{cite web |title = Where Did Iran's Islamic Economy Come From and Where Did it Go? |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |publisher = Payvand.com |date = October 25, 2010 |accessdate = October 25, 2010 |first = Sohrab |last = Behdad |authorlink = |archive-date = 2010-10-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101028150310/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Annual Review 2013/14 |work = |publisher = [[Central Bank of Iran]] |date = February 2015 |url = http://www.cbi.ir/Newestdoc.aspx?id=0&dn=AnnualReview_en&dl=1 |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |archive-date = 2019-05-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502004721/https://www.cbi.ir/Newestdoc.aspx?id=0&dn=AnnualReview_en&dl=1 |dead-url = yes }}

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* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = A Review of the Iranian Tax System |work = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)#Organization of Investment and Economic and Technical Assistance|Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran]] |publisher = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)]] |date = January 2014 |url = http://www.oietai.ir/en/whyiran1/tax |format = |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2014-09-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140907125747/http://www.oietai.ir/en/whyiran1/tax |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran |work = |publisher = [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] |year = 2003 |url = http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2013-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060902/http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite journal |last = Nichols |first = Brian |author2 = Sahay, Sundeep |title = Building Iran's Software Industry |work = [[University of Manchester]] |publisher = Institute for Development Policy and Management |year = 2003 |url = http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . |journal = |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042110/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = A look at Iran’s 6th development plans |url = http://presstv.com/Video/2015/08/05/423337/Iran-development-plans |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2015 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071402/http://presstv.com/Video/2015/08/05/423337/Iran-development-plans |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran government’s economic fight |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/20/375967/iran-governments-economic-fight/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2014-09-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140901080423/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/20/375967/iran-governments-economic-fight/ |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Boosting international trade in Iran |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/13/375130/boosting-international-trade-in-iran/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2014-08-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140821022155/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/13/375130/boosting-international-trade-in-iran/ |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Leader urges serious pursuit of ‘resistance economy’ |url = http://presstv.com/Program/353344.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2014 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054610/http://presstv.com/Program/353344.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Latest on Iran’s subsidy reform plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/330904.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = October 2013 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2013-12-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131214181809/http://presstv.com/Program/330904.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economy under sanctions |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/253842.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = July 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-08-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120805112012/http://presstv.com/Program/253842.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran’s “Economy of Resistance” |url = http://presstv.com/Program/243804.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-06-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603150442/http://presstv.com/Program/243804.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's New Commercial Law on a Five-Year Trial run |url = http://presstv.com/section/3510506.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-07-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110711211707/http://presstv.com/section/3510506.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 1391: Year of National Production, Supporting Iranian Capital and Labor |url = http://presstv.com/Program/235016.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2012 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2012-04-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120407211517/http://presstv.com/Program/235016.html |dead-url = yes }}

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* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economic development plan |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/194828.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-08-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110822224430/http://presstv.com/Program/194828.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 2011: Year of "Economic Jihad" |url = http://presstv.com/Program/176959.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-10-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111009002110/http://presstv.com/Program/176959.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Budget Bill (FY 2011) |url = http://presstv.com/Program/170721.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2011 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-07-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102239/http://presstv.com/Program/170721.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Economic Reform Plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/157036.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = December 2010 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-01-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110119211109/http://presstv.com/Program/157036.html |dead-url = yes }}

* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Fifth Development Plan in Majlis |url = http://www.presstv.com/program/153427.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = November 2010 |access-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-date = 2011-01-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110119211053/http://presstv.com/Program/153427.html |dead-url = yes }}