Pandemi Covid-19 di Spanyol: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Kronologi ==
Pada 31 Januari 2020, [[Spanyol]] mengkonfirmasi kasus [[Penyakit koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] pertamanya di [[La Gomera]], [[Kepulauan Canaria]]. Seorang turis dari [[Jerman]] dinyatakan positif dan dirawat di Rumah Sakit Universitas Nuestra Señora de Candelaria.
Pada 25 Februari, empat kasus baru terkait dengan klaster Italia dikonfirmasi di Spanyol. Di Kepulauan Canaria, istri dokter medis dari Lombardia, yang sedang berlibur di Tenerife, dinyatakan positif. Di [[Catalunya]], seorang wanita Italia berusia 36 tahun yang tinggal di Spanyol, yang mengunjungi [[Bergamo]] dan [[Milan]] dari 12 hingga 22 Februari, juga dinyatakan positif di [[Barcelona]]. Seorang pria 24 tahun dari [[Madrid]], yang baru saja kembali dari [[Italia Utara]], dinyatakan positif dan dirawat di Rumah Sakit Carlos III. Di [[Wilayah Valencia]], seorang pria dari [[Villarreal]], yang baru-baru ini bepergian ke Milan, dinyatakan positif dan dirawat di Rumah Sakit Universitario De La Plana, [[Castellón de la Plana|Castellón]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2020/02/25/coronavirus-caso-valencia-positivo/1982275.html|title=Sanidad confirma el primer caso de coronavirus en la C. Valenciana|last=Levante-EMV|website=levante-emv.com|language=es|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref>
Pada 29 Maret 2020, Kementerian Kesehatan Spanyol mengonfirmasi 838 orang meninggal akibat virus COVID-19 selama 24 jam terakhir, jumlah harian tertinggi yang pernah ada. Pasien di Spanyol yang berada didalam perawatan intensif tercatat melampaui kapasitas nasional, menggunakan sekitar 4.400 tempat tidur di rumah sakit setempat, memaksa petugas kesehatan untuk memutuskan siapa yang akan dirawat terlebih dahulu. Spanyol telah mencatat total 6.528 kematian terkait dengan COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Devereux|first=Charlie|last2=Colten|first2=Jerrold|date=30 Maret 2020|title=Hospitals Swamped as Italy-Spain Virus Deaths Surpass 17,000|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-29/spain-reports-record-number-of-coronavirus-deaths-in-24-hours|website=Bloomberg|access-date=15 Maret 2021}}</ref>
Spanyol mengalami gelombang kedua virus COVID-19 di bulan Agustus 2020. Wabah baru yang paling parah terlihat di Aragón, Catalonia, Kepulauan Balearic, Navarre, Almería, Salamanca, Soria, dan Valencia. Menurut angka regional, 898 orang tercatat dirawat di rumah sakit dalam dua minggu hingga 20 Agustus 2020. Menurut [https://ourworldindata.org/ Our World in Data,] Spanyol memiliki tingkat kepositifan tertinggi kedua di Uni Eropa, setelah Kroasia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=LLANERAS|first=KIKO|last2=GALOCHA|first2=ARTUR|date=24 Agustus 2020|title=What do the coronavirus data from August tell us about the new spread of the virus in Spain?|url=https://english.elpais.com/society/2020-08-24/what-do-the-coronavirus-data-from-august-tell-us-about-the-new-expansion-of-the-virus-in-spain.html|website=EL PAIS|access-date=15 Maret 2021}}</ref>
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Di Spanyol, tidak termasuk bagian non-wajib dari kurikulum, setiap minggu penutupan sekolah mewakili sekitar 30 jam waktu pengajaran wajib tatap muka di sekolah artinya 2,9% dari tahunan waktu instruksi wajib. Sekolah terpaksa mengganti waktu ini di kelas dengan pembelajaran online dan home schooling, dalam banyak kasus difasilitasi oleh guru dan orang tua.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=School Education During Covid-19: Were Teachers and Students Ready?|url=http://www.oecd.org/education/Spain-coronavirus-education-country-note.pdf|website=OECD|language=Inggris|access-date=15 Maret 2021}}</ref>
Dialporkan bahwa 96% Universitas Spanyol telah meningkatkan protokol kesehatan dan keselamatan mereka sebagai hasil dari pengalaman menghadapi virus Covid-19. Spanyol telah menghadapi tantangan yang jauh lebih besar daripada negara lain, Spanyol termasuk di antara 3 negara pertama yang menghadapi pandemi dan memimpin dalam persentase kematian.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Spanish Universities Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic|url=http://www.spaineduprograms.es/wp-content/uploads/Spanish-Universities-Respond-to-the-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf|website=Spain Education Programs|language=Inggris|access-date=15 Maret 2021|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924014713/http://www.spaineduprograms.es/wp-content/uploads/Spanish-Universities-Respond-to-the-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Di tahun 2019, Spanyol tercatat memiliki angka putus sekolah tertinggi di Uni Eropa yaitu
Pada tanggal 9 Februari 2021, Kementerian Kesehatan Spanyol merilis data yang menunjukkan bahwa sekolah telah menjadi klaster utama penyebaran virus Covid-19 dalam seminggu terakhir. Tercatat sebanyak 1.678 wabah virus Covid-19 yang terdeteksi selama seminggu terakhir di Spanyol, sekolah adalah titik fokus utama penularan, menyalip atas klaster penyebaran dari pertemuan sosial atau keluarga, panti jompo, pusat kesehatan atau tempat kerja. Dalam gelombang ketiga Covid-19, Spanyol memilih untuk mulai mengatifkan kegiatan sekolah. Penularan di ruang kelas masih mendekati rekor tertinggi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McMurtry|first=Alyssa|date=19 Februari 2021|title=Spain: Schools become top source of COVID-19 clusters|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/spain-schools-become-top-source-of-covid-19-clusters/2150936|website=AA (Anadolu Agency)|language=Inggris|access-date=15 Maret 2021}}</ref>
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* {{flagcountry|Abkhazia}}<ref>[https://civil.ge/archives/340166 Fearing Coronavirus, Abkhazia Extends Travel Ban on Foreigners Except Russians] civil.ge</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Albania}}<ref name="exteriores-ban">[http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Portal/es/SalaDePrensa/ElMinisterioInforma/PublishingImages/2020_03/2020_03%20MAPA%20CORONAVIRUS.png Restricciones a los viajes de ciudadanos provenientes de España (31/03/2020)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401145346/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Portal/es/SalaDePrensa/ElMinisterioInforma/PublishingImages/2020_03/2020_03%20MAPA%20CORONAVIRUS.png |date=2020-04-01 }} [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)|Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores]] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Algeria}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Angola}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}<ref name="iata-ban">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/international-travel-document-news/1580226297.htm|title=IATA - International Travel Document News|website=www.iatatravelcentre.com|access-date=2020-03-31|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627212520/https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/international-travel-document-news/1580226297.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Argentina}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/argentina-to-close-schools-for-two-weeks-borders-to-visitors.phtml | title=Buenos Aires Times | Argentina to close schools for two weeks, borders to visitors}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Armenia}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
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* {{flagcountry|Cameroon}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Canada}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cbsa-border-airports-screening-trudeau-covid19-coronavirus-1.5498866|title=Canada to bar entry to travellers who are not citizens, permanent residents or Americans | CBC News}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Cape Verde}}<ref>{{cite url|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/coronavirus-travel-bans/index.html |title=Coronavirus: Which countries have travel bans?|work=CNN |last=O'Hare |first=Maureen |last2=Hardingham |first2=Tamara |last-author-amp=y |date=17 March 2020 |accessdate=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.governo.cv/covid19-governo-declara-situacao-de-contingencia-a-nivel-da-protecao-civil/ |title=COVID19: Governo declara situação de contingência a nível da Proteção Civil |publisher=Governo de Cabo Verde |language=Portuguese |date=17 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtc.cv/tcv/index.php?paginas=47&id_cod=89239 |work=TCV |title=Governo declara situação de contingência, a nível de Proteção Civil, por causa do Covid-19 |language=Portuguese |date=17 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020 |archive-date=2020-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320183725/http://www.rtc.cv/tcv/index.php?paginas=47&id_cod=89239 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Cayman Islands}}<ref name="elpais-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Chad}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
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* {{flagcountry|Macau}}<ref name="travelban-scmp"/>
* {{flagcountry|Madagascar}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Malawi}}<ref>[https://www.ethiopianairlines.com/aa/en/breaking-news/updates-and-health-advisory-on-the-covid-19-virus Updates and Health Advisory on COVID-19 (Corona Virus)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323141934/https://www.ethiopianairlines.com/aa/en/breaking-news/updates-and-health-advisory-on-the-covid-19-virus |date=2020-03-23 }} Ethiopian Airlines</ref><ref>[https://malawi24.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-malawi-imposes-travel-ban/ Coronavirus: Malawi imposes travel ban] malawi24.com</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-to-impose-lockdown-from-wednesday-to-march-31|title=Malaysia to impose lockdown from Wednesday to March 31|date=March 17, 2020|website=Straits Times}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Maldives}}<ref name="elpais-ban"/>
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* {{flagcountry|North Korea}}<ref name="newsweek1484978">{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/china-neighbors-close-borders-coronavirus-sars-1484978 |title=China's neighbors close borders as country's coronavirus cases surpass SARS |last=O'Connor |first=Tom |date=30 January 2020 |website=Newsweek |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209125342/https://www.newsweek.com/china-neighbors-close-borders-coronavirus-sars-1484978 |archive-date=9 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|North Macedonia}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Northern Cyprus}}<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/trnc-shuts-border-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/1772122 TRNC shuts border amid coronavirus outbreak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325235514/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/trnc-shuts-border-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/1772122 |date=2020-03-25 }} aa.com.tr</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Norway}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-norway-airport-idUKKBN2110Z0|title=Norway to close ports, airports from Monday to stop coronavirus - PM|date=2020-03-14|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-03-15|language=en}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Oman}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://gulfbusiness.com/oman-suspends-tourist-visas-halts-sports-activities-for-month/ | title=Oman suspends tourist visas, halts sports activities for month| date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
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* {{flagcountry|Guinea}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Iceland}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Jersey}}<ref>[https://www.gov.je/Health/Coronavirus/Pages/CoronavirusTravelAdvice.aspx Travel advice for coronavirus (COVID-19) All travellers to Jersey need to self-isolate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401101615/https://www.gov.je/Health/Coronavirus/Pages/CoronavirusTravelAdvice.aspx |date=2020-04-01 }} 20 March 2020 ''www.gov.je'', accessed 20 March 2020</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kiribati}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/><ref name="elpais-ban"/>
* {{flagcountry|Laos}}<ref name="exteriores-ban"/>
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