Serangan Rojava 2019: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox military conflict
'''Serangan Rojava 2019''', yang disebut '''Operasi Lompatan Damai''' ({{Lang-tr|Barış Pınarı Harekâtı}}) oleh pemerintah Turki, adalah operasi militer yang sedang berlangsung yang dilakukan oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Turki]] dan Tentara Nasional Suriah (SNA) terhadap daerah-daerah yang dikontrol [[Orang Kurdi|Kurdi]] di bawah [[Rojava|Administrasi Otonomi Suriah Utara dan Timur]] (NES), yang biasa disebut Rojava, dan gerakan bersenjatanya, [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|Pasukan Demokrat Suriah]] (SDF).
| conflict = Serangan Rojava 2019
| width =
| partof = [[Konflik Rojava]], [[Keterlibatan Turki dalam Perang Saudara Suriah|Keterlibatan Turki]] di [[Perang Saudara Suriah]], dan [[Konflik Kurdi-Turki (2015–sekarang)]]
| image = Barış Pınarı Hârekatı sonrası Resulayn (Serêkanî) bombalanıyor.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| caption = Pengeboman [[Ras al-Ayn]] pada 10 Oktober 2019
| date = '''Serangan tahap pertama'''<br />9 Oktober - 17 Oktober 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mynet.com/son-dakika-fuat-oktay-dan-baris-pinari-harekati-aciklamasi-110106051261|title=Son dakika! Fuat Oktay'dan Barış Pınarı Harekatı açıklaması|website=Mynet Haber}}</ref><br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2019|month1=10|day1=9}})<br />'''Gencatan Senjata:'''<br />17 Oktober – 18 Oktober 2019<br /><ref>[https://www.karar.com/guncel-haberler/erdogan-baris-pinari-harekatimiz-devam-ediyor-1368870]</ref><br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2019|month1=10|day1=17}})<br />'''Serangan tahap kedua'''<br />18 October – 25 November 2019<br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2019|month1=10|day1=18}})
| place = Wilayah utara Kegubernuran [[Kegubernuran Aleppo|Aleppo]], [[Kegubernuran Al-Hasakah|Hasakah]], dan [[Kegubernuran Ar-Raqqah|Raqqah]], [[Suriah]].
| territory =
| result =
| status = Kemenangan Turki & sekutu<br>Kemenangan sebagian pemerintah Suriah
*[[Angkatan Bersenjata Turki]] dan sekutunya mencaplok 41 kota dan desa, termasuk [[Tell Abyad]], [[Suluk, Syria|Suluk]], dan pusat kota [[Ras al-Ayn]], dan memblokir [[Jalan Raya M4 (Suriah)|jalan raya M4]]<ref name="syriahr342020">[http://www.syriahr.com/?p=342020 القوات التركية والفصائل الموالية لها تسيطر على مساحة نحو 220 كلم مربع عند الشريط الحدودي منذ انطلاق العملية العسكرية شرق الفرات]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/turkish-forces-capture-centre-of-key-syrian-border-town-1.4635904|title=Turkish forces capture centre of key Syrian border town &#124; CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca}}</ref>
*SDF merebut kembali sebagian besar Ras al-Ayn, menurut [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN1WS04D |title=Islamic State relatives flee en masse from Syrian camp - Kurdish-led authority |access-date=2019-10-14 |archive-date=2019-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013122124/https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN1WS04D |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
*[[Angkatan Darat Suriah]] menguasai [[Al-Thawrah|Tabqa]] dan [[Daftar pangkalan Angkatan Udara Suriah|Pangkalan Udara Tabqa]] di [[Kegubernuran Raqqa]]{{Citation needed}}{{Dubious |Talk:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria#SAA deploying to some towns.|date=October 2019}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|Republik Turki}}<br />{{flagdeco|Oposisi Suriah}} [[Pemerintahan Sementara Suriah]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish military, rebels to cross Syrian border 'shortly' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkish-military-rebels-cross-syrian-border-shortly-191009062501223.html |publisher=Al-Jazeera |date=9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Dozens killed as assault continues |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50011468 |publisher=BBC News |date=11 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019}}</ref><br>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|De facto SA-NES Flag.svg}} [[Pemerintahan Otonom Suriah Utara dan Timur]] <br>{{flagdeco|Suriah}} [[Republik Arab Suriah]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's army to deploy along Turkey border as Kurds strike deal |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/syrian-army-deploy-turkey-border-orders-pullback-191013191238367.html |work=Al-Jazeera |date=14 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian army to deploy along Turkish border in deal with Kurdish-led forces |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-government-sdf/syrian-army-to-deploy-along-turkish-border-in-deal-with-kurdish-led-forces-idUSKBN1WS0PF |agency=Reuters |date=13 October 2019}}</ref><br /><small>(sejak 13 Oktober; kesepakatan)</small><br>
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Turki}} [[Hulusi Akar]]<br>(Menteri [[Kementerian Pertahanan Nasional (Turki)|Pertahanan]])<br>{{flagdeco|Turki}} Jen. [[Yaşar Güler]]<br>(Kepala [[Staf Umum Turki|Staf Umum]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/milli-savunma-bakani-akar-harekat-ile-ilgili-calismalarimiz-devam-ediyor/1606678|title='Harekat ile ilgili çalışmalarımız devam ediyor'|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><br>{{flagdeco|Turki}} Letjen. Sinan Yayla<br>(Komandan AD ke-2)<br />{{flagdeco|Oposisi Suriah}} Brigjen. [[Salim Idris]]<br>(Menteri Pertahanan)<br>{{flagdeco|Oposisi Suriah}} Sayf Abu Bakr<br>(Komandan Divisi Hamzah)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/free-syrian-army-ready-for-potential-new-operation-3502338|title=Free Syrian Army ready for potential new operation|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref>
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Mazlum Abdi]]<br>(Panglima)<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}}{{flagicon image|Infobox Generic SDF MC.png}} Riad Khamis al-Khalaf<br>(Komandan Dewan Militer Tal Abyad)<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}}{{flagicon image|RasAlAyn_MC_infobox_flag.png|border=}} Imad Meno<br>(Komandan Dewan Militer Serê Kanîyê)<ref>{{cite news |last1=ÇAKSU |first1=ERSİN |title=Not a single house captured by the enemy in Serekaniye |url=https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/not-a-single-house-captured-by-the-enemy-in-serekaniye-38276 |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=ANF News |date=11 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Dayr az-Zawr Military Council.svg}} Ebu Azzam Ceyat {{KIA}}<ref>[https://twitter.com/SuriyeHbrAjansi/status/1183683204911374336]</ref><br>(Komandan Dewan Militer Deir ez-Zor)
| commander3 =
| commander4 =
| units1 = ''Lihat [[Urutan tempur Operasi Mata Air Damai#Turki dan sekutu|urutan tempur]]''
| units2 = ''Lihat [[Urutan tempur Operasi Mata Air Damai#SDF dan sekutu|urutan tempur]]''
| units3 =
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Turkey}} 80.000<ref>https://www.parlamentohaber.com/turk-ordusundan-80-bin-asker-ile-operasyon-hazirligi/</ref><br>{{better}}<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 14.000<ref name="aj-turkey-begins" />
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 40.000–60.000 <ref>{{cite news |title=Explained: Why Turkey wants a military assault on Syrian Kurds |url=https://www.dw.com/en/explained-why-turkey-wants-a-military-assault-on-syrian-kurds/a-50731834 |publisher=DW |date=11 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=reuters9oct/>
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = '''Versi [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:'''<ref>http://www.syriahr.com/?p=342115</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 86 tewas<br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Korban Angkatan Bersenjata Turki di Syria|8 tewas]]
----
'''Versi Turki:'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-erdogan/erdogan-says-turkish-led-offensive-to-extend-further-along-syrian-border-idUSKBN1WS0DY Erdogan says Turkish-led offensive to extend further along Syrian border]</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 16 tewas<br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} 2 tewas{{Ref label|date|a}}
| casualties2 = '''Versi SOHR:'''<ref>http://www.syriahr.com/?p=342115</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 121 tewas
----
'''Versi SDF:'''<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 45 tewas<ref>[http://news.trust.org/item/20191013091852-q2pie/ Monitor: 104 SDF fighters killed battling Turkish attack]</ref>
----
'''Versi Turki:'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 550 tewas, cedera, atau ditangkap<ref>https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/turkey-neutralizes-550-terrorists-in-syria-operation/1612811</ref><ref name="haber7">[http://www.haber7.com/guncel/haber/2905864-son-dakika-haberi-erdogan-harekatin-ne-zaman-bitecegini-acikladi/?detay=1 Son dakika haberi: Erdoğan harekatın ne zaman biteceğini açıkladı]</ref>
| casualties3 = 64 warga sipil tewas di Suriah akibat serangan TAF dan SNA<ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/?p=342040 المزيد من الخسائر البشرية يرفع إلى نحو 15 تعداد الذين استشهدوا وقضوا جراء الغارات الجوية التركية التي استهدفت قافلة الدعم الإنساني في مدينة رأس العين]</ref> dan 1 warga sipil tewas akibat mortir SDF (versi SOHR)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143248|title=About 10 citizens were killed or injured due to rocket shelling carried out by the forces of "Jarabulus Military Council" on the city of Jarabulus north-east of Aleppo|date=10 October 2019}}</ref><br />18 warga sipil tewas di Turki akibat mortir SDF (versi Kemendagri Turki)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5699048/turkey-capture-ras-al-ayn-syria/ |date=12 October 2019 |agency=Time |title=Turkey Says It Captured a Key Syrian Border Town |access-date=2019-10-14 |archive-date=2019-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013075805/https://time.com/5699048/turkey-capture-ras-al-ayn-syria/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Suriye operasyonu – Harekatın başladığı günden bu yana en az 18 sivil ve dört asker hayatını kaybetti |url=https://medyascope.tv/2019/10/12/suriye-operasyonu-harekatin-basladigi-gunden-bu-yana-en-az-18-sivil-ve-dort-asker-hayatini-kaybetti/ |accessdate=13 October 2019 |work=[[Medyascope]] |date=12 October 2019}}</ref><br>130.000+ warga sipil mengungsi<ref>http://www.syriahr.com/?p=341868</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50020829|title=100,000 flee as Turkey steps up Syria offensive|date=11 October 2019|via=www.bbc.com|work=BBC News}}</ref>
| notes = {{Note label|date|a}} Dua tentara Turki tewas di daerah [[Operasi Pohon Zaitun]] di Suriah barat laut.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-attacks/two-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-syria-ministry-idUSKBN1WQ26W Two Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish militant attack in Syria: ministry]</ref> Keduanya juga dihitung oleh SOHR.<ref name="syriahr342020"/>
}}
 
The 2019'''Serangan Rojava offensive2019''', calleddisebut '''Operasi OperationMata PeaceAir SpringDamai''' (Turkish: {{Lang-tr|Barış Pınarı Harekâtı}})by theoleh Turkishpemerintah governmentTurki, isadalah anoperasi ongoingmiliter militaryberlangsung operationyang conducteddilancarkan byoleh the[[Angkatan TurkishBersenjata ArmedTurki]] Forcesdan andTentara SyrianNasional National ArmySuriah (SNA) againstterhadap Kurdishdaerah-controlleddaerah areasyang underdikontrol the[[Orang AutonomousKurdi|Kurdi]] Administrationdi ofbawah North[[Rojava|Pemerintahan Otonom Suriah andUtara Eastdan SyriaTimur]] (NES), commonlybiasa calleddisebut Rojava, anddan itsgerakan armed wingbersenjatanya, the[[Pasukan SyrianDemokratik Democratic ForcesSuriah]] (SDF).
 
Pada 6 Oktober 2019, pemerintah Amerika Serikat memerintahkan pasukan Amerika untuk menarik diri dari timur laut Suriah, tempat AS mendukung sekutu Kurdi mereka.<ref name="withdraw">{{Cite news|title=Trump makes way for Turkey operation against Kurds in Syria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49956698?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cp7r8vgl2y7t/kurds&link_location=live-reporting-story|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|date=7 October 2019}}</ref> Operasi militer dimulai pada 9 Oktober 2019 ketika [[Angkatan Udara Turki]] melancarkan serangan udara di kota-kota perbatasan, termasuk Ras al-Ayn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/09/turkey-launches-military-operation-in-northern-syria-erdogan|title=Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria|last=Bethan McKernan|date=9 October 2019|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
 
Menurut juru bicara Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], operasi itu dimaksudkan untuk "mengusir [[PembersihanPasukan etnis|memperbaikiDemokratik demografiSuriah]] "(yang SuriahTurki utara.<ref>{{Citeanggap web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1565401/middlesebagai organisasi teroris karena hubungannya dengan [[Partai Pekerja Kurdistan]], tetapi dianggap Amerika Serikat dan negara-east|title=Afternegara lain sebagai USsekutu greenmelawan light[[ISIS]]), Turkeyserta preparesuntuk militarymenciptakan operation"zona inaman" Syria|date=7sejauh October30 2019|website=Arabkilometer di Suriah Utara sehingga memungkinkan kembalinya sebagian dari 3,6 juta pengungsi News}}</ref>Suriah di Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=httpsurlhttps://www.albawabaaljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-launchbegins-militaryground-operationoffensive-northeastern-syria-ahead-us-withdrawal-1313520191009212025006.html|titledate=Turkey10 toOctober Launch Military Operation in Syria Ahead of US Withdrawal2019|website=Al BawabaJazeera}}</ref> Tindakan Turki mendapat kecaman dari bebagai negara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/world-reacts-turkey-military-operation-northeast-syria-191009181335266.html|title=World reacts to Turkey's military operation in northeast Syria|website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Menurut juru bicara Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], operasi itu dimaksudkan untuk " [[Pembersihan etnis|memperbaiki demografi]] " Suriah utara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1565401/middle-east|title=After US green light, Turkey prepares military operation in Syria|date=7 October 2019|website=Arab News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/turkey-launch-military-operation-syria-ahead-us-withdrawal-1313520|title=Turkey to Launch Military Operation in Syria Ahead of US Withdrawal|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> Tindakan Turki mendapat kecaman dari bebagai negara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/world-reacts-turkey-military-operation-northeast-syria-191009181335266.html|title=World reacts to Turkey's military operation in northeast Syria|website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>
 
== Latar Belakang ==
Setelah berbulan-bulan ancaman Turki untuk secara sepihak menginvasi Suriah Utara, kesepakatan dicapai pada Agustus 2019 antara Turki dan Amerika Serikat, yang memandang [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|Pasukan Demokrat Suriah]] sebagai salah satu sekutu kunci dalam intervensi militer terhadap ISIL di Suriah. Perjanjian tersebut menetapkan Zona Penyangga Suriah Utara, yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan ketegangan dengan mengatasi 'masalah keamanan' Turki melalui pemantauan dan patroli bersama, sementara masih memungkinkan NES untuk mempertahankan kendali atas wilayah yang telah di bawah kendali pada waktu itu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2019/08/safe-zone-existing-project-but-deferred-details/|title=Safe Zone: Existing Project But Deferred Details|date=2019-08-29|website=Enab Baladi|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/1b44b8a4-ff0c-44e0-98fe-51c4682e5e6f|title=SDF command reveals details about buffer zone in northeast Syria|last=Kurdistan24|website=Kurdistan24|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> Perjanjian tersebut diterima dengan baik oleh AS dan SDF / NES, tetapi Turki pada umumnya tidak puas dengan kesepakatan tersebut. Ketidakpuasan Turki menyebabkan berbagai upaya Turki untuk memperluas area yang dicakup oleh zona penyangga, mengamankan kontrol Turki atas bagian-bagiannya atau memindahkan jutaan pengungsi ke dalam zona tersebut, dengan semua upaya ini gagal dalam menghadapi perlawanan SDF yang tegas dan ambivalensi Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-security-turkey-idUKKCN1VV0WI|title=Turkey says U.S. stalling on Syria 'safe zone', will act alone if needed|date=2019-09-10|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-10-09|language=en}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Terlepas dari dimulainya patroli darat AS-Turki secara resmi, pembongkaran fortrifikasi SDF dan penarikan unit YPG dari bagian-bagian dari zona penyangga, ketegangan terus meningkat ketika Turki mengajukan lebih banyak tuntutan di SDF, yang semuanya ditolak oleh yang terakhir, yang menganggap dirinya telah menerima kompromi yang keras dengan mengizinkan pasukan Turki untuk mengambil bagian dalam patroli bersama dengan rekan-rekan Amerika mereka di Suriah Utara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/safe-zone/erdogan-cites-us-turkey-disagreement-over-safe-zone-joint-patrols-begin-syria|title=Erdoğan cites U.S.-Turkey disagreement over safe zone as joint patrols begin in Syria|website=Ahval|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> Ketidakpuasan Turki dengan [[status quo]] dari perjanjian tumbuh menjadi permusuhan terbuka, dengan presiden Turki secara terbuka mengajukan [[ultimatum]] terhadap SDF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-initiate-own-plans-if-safe-zone-deal-fails-29902|title=Turkey to initiate own plans if safe zone deal fails|last=|first=|date=18 September 2019|website=TRT World|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Ultimatum diabaikan dan Turki menyatakan "tenggat waktunya" telah berakhir pada awal Oktober tahun yang sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/turkeys-syria-safe-zone-deadline-expires-1.66821497|title=Turkey’s Syria ‘safe zone’ deadline expires|website=gulfnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Terlepas dari dimulainya patroli darat AS-Turki secara resmi, pembongkaran fortrifikasi SDF dan penarikan unit YPG dari bagian-bagian dari zona penyangga, ketegangan terus meningkat ketika Turki mengajukan lebih banyak tuntutan di SDF, yang semuanya ditolak oleh yang terakhir, yang menganggap dirinya telah menerima kompromi yang keras dengan mengizinkan pasukan Turki untuk mengambil bagian dalam patroli bersama dengan rekan-rekan Amerika mereka di Suriah Utara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/safe-zone/erdogan-cites-us-turkey-disagreement-over-safe-zone-joint-patrols-begin-syria|title=Erdoğan cites U.S.-Turkey disagreement over safe zone as joint patrols begin in Syria|website=Ahval|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09|archive-date=2019-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015043956/https://ahvalnews.com/safe-zone/erdogan-cites-us-turkey-disagreement-over-safe-zone-joint-patrols-begin-syria|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ketidakpuasan Turki dengan [[status quo]] dari perjanjian tumbuh menjadi permusuhan terbuka, dengan presiden Turki secara terbuka mengajukan [[ultimatum]] terhadap SDF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-initiate-own-plans-if-safe-zone-deal-fails-29902|title=Turkey to initiate own plans if safe zone deal fails|last=|first=|date=18 September 2019|website=TRT World|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Ultimatum diabaikan dan Turki menyatakan "tenggat waktunya" telah berakhir pada awal Oktober tahun yang sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/turkeys-syria-safe-zone-deadline-expires-1.66821497|title=Turkey’s Syria ‘safe zone’ deadline expires|website=gulfnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
== Persiapan serangan ==
Persiapan untuk serangan dimulai pada awal Oktober, dimulai dengan penarikan pasukan Amerika dari posisi dekat perbatasan Turki, setelah Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] melakukan panggilan telepon dengan [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Donald Trump]] tentang rencana operasi militer terhadap wilayah yang dikuasai SDF di timur [[sungai Efrat]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/08/trump-on-pulling-us-troops-out-of-syria-were-not-a-police-force/|title=Trump on pulling US troops out of Syria: ‘We’re not a police force’|last=Simkins|first=J. D.|date=October 8, 2019|website=Military Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/08/us/politics/trump-erdogan-turkey-visit.html|title=In Trump, Turkey’s Erdogan Keeps Finding a Sympathetic Ear|last=Crowley|first=Michael|last2=Gall|first2=Carlotta|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> Sementara pemerintah AS telah menyatakan tidak mendukung ofensif yang dipimpin Turki, Gedung Putih juga mengumumkan pada 6 Oktober 2019 bahwa itu tidak akan mengganggu, dan akan menarik semua personel AS di daerah itu untuk menghindari potensi. Kebuntuan AS-Turki, karenanya memberi Turki "lampu hijau" tidak resmi untuk memulai ofensif.<ref name="withdraw">{{Cite news|title=Trump makes way for Turkey operation against Kurds in Syria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49956698?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cp7r8vgl2y7t/kurds&link_location=live-reporting-story|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/10/08/syria-kurds-trump-turkey/|title=Trump Turned His Back on Syrian Kurds. Here’s How They View Their New Precarious Position.|last=Gold|first=Danny|last2=Hussain|first2=Murtaza|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> AS juga dilaporkan memotong bantuan ke SDF agar tidak mempersenjatai mereka terhadap sekutu NATO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/09/world/middleeast/turkey-attacks-syria.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage|title=Turkey Launches Offensive Against U.S.-Backed Syrian Militia|last=Hubbard|first=Ben|last2=Gall|first2=Carlotta|date=9 October 2019|website=The New York Times}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Pada 8 Oktober 2019, militer Turki dilaporkan membom sebuah konvoi kendaraan senjata menuju [[Irak]] ke Suriah yang ditujukan untuk SDF. Namun SDF tidak membalas serangan itu, dan tidak ada korban yang dilaporkan sebagai akibat serangan udara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/470397-turkey-bombs-kurds-syria/|title=Turkey ‘launches airstrike’ against Kurds on Syria-Iraq border – reports|website=RT International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5604267,00.html|title=Report: Turkish warplanes bombing Kurdish targets in northeast Syria|date=July 10, 2019|website=Ynetnews}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama [[Sily spetsial’nykh operatsii|pasukan khusus Rusia]] membuka persimpangan di sungai Efrat antara daerah-daerah yang dipegang oleh Pemerintah Suriah dan SDF di [[Kegubernuran Dayr az-Zawr|Kegubernuran Deir ez-Zor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-special-forces-open-new-euphrates-crossing-between-sdf-saa-lines-photos/|title=Russian Special Forces open new Euphrates crossing between SDF, SAA lines: photos|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 7, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News}}</ref> Sementara SDF mengklaim bahwa militer Suriah sedang bersiap untuk memasuki kota [[Manbij]] di timur laut [[Kegubernuran Aleppo|Aleppo]], pemerintah Suriah menanggapi dengan mengatakan pembangunan militer Suriah di dekat Manbij sedang dilakukan untuk mencegah militer Turki memasuki kota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-led-sdf-claim-syrian-army-is-preparing-to-capture-manbij/|title=Kurdish-led SDF claim Syrian Army is preparing to capture Manbij|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 8, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pasukan Turki menembaki Ras al-Ayn dan menembakkan senapan mesin di sekitar kota, tanpa informasi tentang korban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143172|title=The Turkish forces target the vicinity of Ras Al-Ayn area by shells and heavy machineguns, in conjunction with the arrival of new batches of factions loyal to Turkey to the latter's territory in the frame of the anticipated military operation • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Pada 8 Oktober 2019, militer Turki dilaporkan membom sebuah konvoi kendaraan senjata menuju [[Irak]] ke Suriah yang ditujukan untuk SDF. Namun SDF tidak membalas serangan itu, dan tidak ada korban yang dilaporkan sebagai akibat serangan udara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/470397-turkey-bombs-kurds-syria/|title=Turkey ‘launches airstrike’ against Kurds on Syria-Iraq border – reports|website=RT International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5604267,00.html|title=Report: Turkish warplanes bombing Kurdish targets in northeast Syria|date=July 10, 2019|website=Ynetnews}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama [[Sily spetsial’nykh operatsii|pasukan khusus Rusia]] membuka persimpangan di sungai Efrat antara daerah-daerah yang dipegang oleh Pemerintah Suriah dan SDF di [[Kegubernuran Dayr az-Zawr|Kegubernuran Deir ez-Zor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-special-forces-open-new-euphrates-crossing-between-sdf-saa-lines-photos/|title=Russian Special Forces open new Euphrates crossing between SDF, SAA lines: photos|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 7, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009010604/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-special-forces-open-new-euphrates-crossing-between-sdf-saa-lines-photos/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sementara SDF mengklaim bahwa militer Suriah sedang bersiap untuk memasuki kota [[Manbij]] di timur laut [[Kegubernuran Aleppo|Aleppo]], pemerintah Suriah menanggapi dengan mengatakan pembangunan militer Suriah di dekat Manbij sedang dilakukan untuk mencegah militer Turki memasuki kota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-led-sdf-claim-syrian-army-is-preparing-to-capture-manbij/|title=Kurdish-led SDF claim Syrian Army is preparing to capture Manbij|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 8, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009044749/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-led-sdf-claim-syrian-army-is-preparing-to-capture-manbij/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pasukan Turki menembaki Ras al-Ayn dan menembakkan senapan mesin di sekitar kota, tanpa informasi tentang korban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143172|title=The Turkish forces target the vicinity of Ras Al-Ayn area by shells and heavy machineguns, in conjunction with the arrival of new batches of factions loyal to Turkey to the latter's territory in the frame of the anticipated military operation • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref>
== Operasi ==
Operasi dimulai pada 9 Oktober 2019, dengan serangan udara Turki dan [[Howitzer|howitzer]] yang]] menargetkan [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|SDF]] mengadakan kota Tell Abyad, Ras al-Ayn di mana ribuan orang dilaporkan telah melarikan diri dari kota,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-usa-idUSKBN1WO05Z|title=Civilians flee Syrian border towns as Turkish warplanes, artillery kick off offensive|date=9 October 2019}}</ref> Ain Issa dan Qamishli . Tanggal tersebut adalah peringatan pengusiran pemimpin [[Partai Pekerja Kurdistan|PKK]] Abdullah Öcalan dari Suriah pada tahun 1998, oleh pemerintah [[Hafez al-Assad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/09/turkey-launches-military-operation-in-northern-syria-erdogan|title=Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-syria-border-latest-updates-191008131745495.html Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/09/c_138458986.htm|title=Turkey starts military operation against Kurdish forces in northern Syria - Xinhua &#124; English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009144117/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/09/c_138458986.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/northeast-syria/isis-resurgence-syria-may-have-already-begun|title=ISIS’ resurgence in Syria may have already begun|website=Ahval|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009192125/https://ahvalnews.com/northeast-syria/isis-resurgence-syria-may-have-already-begun|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10097230/isis-sleeper-cells-carry-out-new-attacks-turkey-syria-invasion/|title=ISIS fightback begins as sleeper cells carry out new attacks, notorious radio station relaunches and jihadi brides regroup amid Turkey’s Syria invasion|date=9 October 2019|website=The Sun}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1188523/isis-suicide-attack-raqqa-syria-us-troop-withdrawal-kurdish-forces-turkey-invasion|title=Syria crisis: Suicide attack sparks fears of new ISIS terror campaign after US withdrawal|last=Osborne|first=Simon|date=9 October 2019|website=Express.co.uk}}</ref> Kurdi mengumumkan bahwa mereka menghentikan semua operasi terhadap ISIS untuk menghadapi serangan Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/10/09/syrian-kurds-call-civilians-front-lines-turkey-warns-attack/|title=Kurds abandon fight against Isil as Turkey attacks with air power and artillery deep into Syria|last=Raf|first=Sanchez|date=9 October 2019|website=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
 
Menanggapi penembakan lintas perbatasan, juru bicara SDF mengklaim bahwa Turki menargetkan warga sipil. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/syria-turkey-military-offensive-dle-intl/index.html|title=Turkey begins military offensive in Syria: Live updates|date=October 9, 2019|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Enam roket kemudian diluncurkan di kota Nusaybin di Turki sebagai tanggapan oleh PKK, dan dua dilaporkan mengenai kota Ceylanpınar di Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.star.com.tr/guncel/6-roket-nusaybin-ilce-merkezindeki-bazi-noktalara-isabet-etti-haber-1485981/|title=YPG/PKK'lı teröristlerin attığı roket Nusaybin'e düştü &#124; STAR|website=Star.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/guncel/2019/10/09/nusaybin-ve-ceylanpinara-havan-mermisi-dustu|title=Nusaybin ve Ceylanpınar'a havan mermisi düştü!|website=takvim.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/turkey-launches-assault-syrian-kurdish-forces-doc-1l92e211|title=Turkey launches assault on Syrian Kurdish forces|website=AFP.com}}</ref> SDF juga mengumumkan sebagai tanggapan atas dimulainya operasi Turki mereka akan menghentikan operasi anti-ISIL,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-us-backed-syrian-forces-153523404.html|title=EXCLUSIVE-US-backed Syrian forces halt counter-Islamic State operations -sources|website=news.yahoo.com}}</ref> dan bahwa dua warga sipil telah terbunuh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49983357|title=Turkey launches Syria offensive with air strikes|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Pada akhir hari itu, militer Turki mengumumkan bahwa fase dasar operasi telah dimulai dari tiga poin - termasuk Tell Abyad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-dan-harekat-aciklamasi-2529427|title=Barış Pınarı'nda kara harekatı da başladı|website=www.haberturk.com}}</ref>
Menanggapi penembakan lintas perbatasan, juru bicara SDF mengklaim bahwa Turki menargetkan warga sipil. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/syria-turkey-military-offensive-dle-intl/index.html|title=Turkey begins military offensive in Syria: Live updates|date=October 9, 2019|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Enam roket kemudian diluncurkan di kota Nusaybin di Turki sebagai tanggapan oleh PKK, dan dua dilaporkan mengenai kota Ceylanpınar di Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.star.com.tr/guncel/6-roket-nusaybin-ilce-merkezindeki-bazi-noktalara-isabet-etti-haber-1485981/|title=YPG/PKK'lı teröristlerin attığı roket Nusaybin'e düştü &#124; STAR|website=Star.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/guncel/2019/10/09/nusaybin-ve-ceylanpinara-havan-mermisi-dustu|title=Nusaybin ve Ceylanpınar'a havan mermisi düştü!|website=takvim.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/turkey-launches-assault-syrian-kurdish-forces-doc-1l92e211|title=Turkey launches assault on Syrian Kurdish forces|website=AFP.com}}</ref> SDF juga mengumumkan sebagai tanggapan atas dimulainya operasi Turki mereka akan menghentikan operasi anti-ISIL,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-us-backed-syrian-forces-153523404.html|title=EXCLUSIVE-US-backed Syrian forces halt counter-Islamic State operations -sources|website=news.yahoo.com}}</ref> dan bahwa dua warga sipil telah terbunuh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49983357|title=Turkey launches Syria offensive with air strikes|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
 
Sebelum fajar pada pagi hari 10 Oktober 2019, militer Turki secara resmi memulai serangan darat terhadap SDF; mereka juga mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah mencapai 181 target di Suriah utara, dan 14.000 pemberontak yang didukung oleh Turki juga dilaporkan mengambil bagian dalam serangan yang dipimpin Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-syria-border-latest-updates-191008131745495.html|title=Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Pada akhir hari itu, militer Turki mengumumkan bahwa fase dasar operasi telah dimulai dari tiga poin - termasuk Tell Abyad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-dan-harekat-aciklamasi-2529427|title=Barış Pınarı'nda kara harekatı da başladı|website=www.haberturk.com}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
Sebelum fajar pada pagi hari 10 Oktober 2019, militer Turki secara resmi memulai serangan darat terhadap SDF; mereka juga mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah mencapai 181 target di Suriah utara, dan 14.000 pemberontak yang didukung oleh Turki juga dilaporkan mengambil bagian dalam serangan yang dipimpin Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-syria-border-latest-updates-191008131745495.html|title=Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
== Reaksi ==
 
=== Reaksi di Turki ===
Sehari sebelum operasi, semua partai oposisi Turki kecuali Partai Demokrat Rakyat (HDP) memilih untuk memperpanjang mandat militer di Suriah. Pemimpin partai oposisi [[Meral Akşener]] ( Partai İyi ) dan [[Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu]] ([[Partai Rakyat Republik]]) menyatakan dukungan mereka untuk operasi militer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/how-turkey-s-syria-offensive-is-being-received-by-opposition-parties-30487|title=How Turkey’s Syria offensive is being received by opposition parties}}</ref> Akşener dan Kılıçdaroğlu secara langsung diberitahu tentang operasi oleh Presiden Erdogan setelah diluncurkan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeturk.com/erdogan-muhalefet-liderlerini-bilgilendirdi/haber-1239972|title=Erdoğan muhalefet liderlerini bilgilendirdi|language=tr}}</ref>
 
HDP mengutuk operasi itu, menyebutnya sebagai "langkah yang sangat berbahaya dan salah" dan menyatakan bahwa "Turki sedang diseret ke dalam perangkap yang berbahaya dan dalam".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hdp.org.tr/en/statements/a-new-military-front-in-northern-syria-will-deepen-the-deadlock/13582|title=A new military front in Northern Syria will deepen the deadlock|website=www.hdp.org.tr|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009184440/https://www.hdp.org.tr/en/statements/a-new-military-front-in-northern-syria-will-deepen-the-deadlock/13582|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
The HDP condemned the operation, calling it an "extremely dangerous and wrong step" and stating that "Turkey is being dragged into a dangerous and deep trap".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hdp.org.tr/en/statements/a-new-military-front-in-northern-syria-will-deepen-the-deadlock/13582|title=A new military front in Northern Syria will deepen the deadlock|website=www.hdp.org.tr}}</ref>
 
The 2019 Rojava offensive, called Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı)by the Turkish government, is an ongoing military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) against Kurdish-controlled areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly called Rojava, and its armed wing, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
 
=== Reaksi di Suriah ===
 
* {{Flagdeco|Syria}} SyrianPemerintah GovernmentSuriahThePemerintah governmentmengecam stronglykeras condemnedserangan theTurki Turkish attackitu, dubbing itmenyebutnya asebagai "disgracefulpelanggaran breachmemalukan ofhukum internationalinternasional lawdan andresolusi UNPBB resolutionsyang thatmenghormati respectkedaulatan Syria’sSuriah sovereigntydan andintegritas territorial integritywilayah".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-govt-slams-new-turkish-operation-in-syria/|title=Syrian gov't slams new Turkish operation in Syria|last=Desk|first=News|date=2019-10-09|website=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-09|archive-date=2021-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308085729/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-govt-slams-new-turkish-operation-in-syria/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|Syrian Democratic Forces]] – AnSeorang juru bicara SDF spokesmanmengatakan toldkepada [[Al Jazeera|Al-Jazeera]] regardingtentang theserangan offensiveitu, "ThreatsAncaman madeyang bydibuat Turkeyoleh toTurki attackuntuk themenyerang areadaerah isitu notbukanlah somethingsesuatu newyang baru, theymereka havetelah constantlyterus-menerus donemelakukannya itselama for yearsbertahun-tahun. WeKami assebagai SyrianPasukan DemocraticDemokrat ForcesSuriah takemempertimbangkan themasalah matterini intodan accountsepenuhnya andsiap areuntuk fullymenanggapi prepareddengan tokeras fiercelyuntuk respondsetiap toserangan anysegera imminentdi attacktanah onSuriah. Syrian soil."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-military-preparations-syria-incursion-complete-191008082547251.html|title=Turkey: Preparations 'complete' for Syria military action|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|Syrian OppositionSyria}} Jaysh al-Izza - Pemimpin Jaysh al-Izza's leadermengkritik criticzedpejuang fightersyang leavingmeninggalkan Idlib tountuk takemengambil partbagian indalam theoperasi Turkish-ledyang operationdipimpin againstTurki melawan SDF, ondi twitter, sayingmengatakan theymereka shouldseharusnya insteadtetap remain indi Idlib tountuk retakemerebut areaskembali lostdaerah toyang thehilang governmentkarena inpemerintah andalam offensiveofensif inpada AugustAgustus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010010044/https://twitter.com/GAMYLSALH/status/1181157840192495616?s=20|title=الرائد جميل الصالح on Twitter: "أقول للذي ترك أرضه التي سُلبت منهُ وذهب لتحرير مناطق لغرض سياسي ، ريف حماة أحقُ بتجهيزك هنا القتال وهنا حق استرداد الأرض .."|date=10 October 2019|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2019-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010010044/https://twitter.com/GAMYLSALH/status/1181157840192495616?s=20|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>
 
=== Reaksi internasional ===
Baris 65 ⟶ 81:
==== Negara anggota PBB ====
 
* {{Flag|UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat}} – PresidentPresiden [[Donald Trump]] statedmenyatakan thatbahwa "theAmerika UnitedSerikat Statestidak doesmendukung notserangan endorseini thisdan attacktelah andmenjelaskan haskepada madeTurki itbahwa clearoperasi toini Turkeyadalah thatide thisyang operation is a bad ideaburuk." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/09/turkey-launches-military-operation-in-northern-syria-erdogan|title=Turkey unleashes airstrikes against Kurds in north-east Syria|last=Washington|first=Bethan McKernan Julian Borger in|last2=Sabbaghdefence|first2=Dan|date=9 October 2019|last3=editor|first3=security}}</ref> Trump hastelah threatenedmengancam toakan devastatemenghancurkan theperekonomian economyTurki ofjika Turkeymereka ifmelakukan they"apa dopun "anything thatyang Isaya, indalam mykebijaksanaan greatsaya andyang unmatchedagung wisdom,dan considertidak to betertandingi, offdianggap limitsterlarang".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=‘They didn’t help us with Normandy’: Trump abandons the Kurds — rhetorically if not literally|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/09/trump-has-abandoned-kurds-least-rhetorically/|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=10 October 2019}}</ref> HoweverNamun, Trump defendedmembela hiskeputusannya decisionuntuk tomenarik withdrawpasukan American troopsAmerika, arguingdengan thatalasan thebahwa KurdsKurdi "didn'ttidak helpmembantu uskami indalam theperang [[Perangdunia Dunia II|second world war]]kedua, theymereka didn'ttidak helpmembantu uskami with [[Operasi Overlord|Normandy]]dengan asNormandia ansebagai examplecontoh".<ref name="normandy">{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Maanvi|title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy|access-date=October 10, 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> Trump alsojuga statedmenyatakan: "AlliancesAliansi aresangat very easymudah. ButTetapi ouraliansi allianceskami havetelah takenmengambil advantagekeuntungan ofdari uskami". SecretaryMenteri ofLuar StateNegeri [[Mike Pompeo]] deniedmembantah thatbahwa the U.S. hadAS giventelah amemberikan 'greenlampu lighthijau' forbagi TurkeyTurki tountuk attackmenyerang the KurdsKurdi. HoweverNamun, Pompeo defendedmembela thetindakan Turkish militarymiliter actionTurki, statingyang thatmenyatakan Turkeybahwa hasTurki amemiliki "legitimatemasalah securitykeamanan concernyang sah" withdengan "a terroristancaman threatteroris todi theirselatan southmereka".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rogin|first=Ali|title=Turkey had ‘legitimate security concern’ in attacking Syrian Kurds, Pompeo says|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/turkey-had-legitimate-security-concern-in-attacking-syrian-kurds-pompeo-says|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[PBS Newshour]]|date=9 October 2019}}</ref> Senator Lindsey Graham warnedmemperingatkan thatbahwa hedia wouldakan "introducememperkenalkan sanksi bipartisan sanctionsterhadap againstTurki Turkeyjika ifmereka theymenyerang invade SyriaSuriah". HeDia saidmengatakan hedia wouldjuga alsoakan "callmenyerukan forpenangguhan theirmereka suspensiondari from [[Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara|NATO]] ifjika theymereka attackmenyerang Kurdishpasukan forcesKurdi whoyang assistedmembantu theAS U.S.dalam in the destruction of thepenghancuran [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISISkekhalifahan CaliphateISIS]]".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lindsey Graham turns on Trump over ‘disaster’ Syria move|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-syria-turkey-lindsey-graham-twitter-pomepo-isis-assad-iran-middle-east-a9146161.html|work=The Independent|date=7 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|EgyptMesir}} – EgyptMesir condemnedmengutuk Turkey'sserangan offensiveTurki. ItIa alsojuga calledmenyerukan forDewan theKeamanan UNPBB Securityuntuk Council to haltmenghentikan "anysegala attemptsupaya tountuk occupymenduduki Syrianwilayah territoriesSuriah" oratau "changemengubah thedemografi demographicsdi inSuriah northern Syriautara". InSelain additionitu, ititu calledmenyerukan forpertemuan an emergency meeting of thedarurat [[Liga Arab|Arab League]].
* {{Flag|Iran}} – ForeignMenteri ministerluar negeri Mohammad Javad Zarif hastelah voicedmenyuarakan oppositionperlawanan toterhadap theserangan offensiveyang viewingmelihatnya itsebagai aspelanggaran aterhadap violation of Syria'skedaulatan sovereigntySuriah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-opposes-military-action-in-syria-zarif-tells-turkey/|title=Iran opposes military action in Syria, Zarif tells Turkey|website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> HoweverNamun regardingmengenai thepenarikan USAS withdrawaldari from SyriaSuriah Zarif commentedberkomentar sayingmengatakan theAS USadalah was"penjajah anyang "irrelevanttidak occupierrelevan indi SyriaSuriah", anddan saidmengatakan thatbahwa Iran wouldakan bebersedia willinguntuk tomenengahi mediateketegangan tensionsantara betweenSuriah Syriadan and TurkeyTurki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201910071076980594-us-is-an-irrelevant-occupier-in-syria---irans-foreign-minister-zarif/|title=US is "Irrelevant Occupier in Syria" - Iran's Foreign Minister Zarif|website=sputniknews.com}}</ref> InSelain additionitu, Iran'spembicara parliamentaryparlemen speakerIran [[Ali Larijani]] cancelledmembatalkan hisperjalanan scheduledyang tripdijadwalkan toke TurkeyTurki.<ref name="aljazeera-All the latest updates">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-syria-border-latest-updates-191008131745495.html|title=Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref>
* {{Flag|RussiaRusia}} – PresidentPresiden [[Vladimir Putin]] calledmengadakan a meeting of thepertemuan [[Dewan Keamanan Federasi Rusia|Security Council of Russia]] onpada 8 OctoberOktober tountuk discussmembahas themasalah issueini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61751|title=Meeting with Security Council permanent members|website=President of  Russia}}</ref> HeDia spokeberbicara tokepada ErdoğanErdogan bymelalui phonetelepon thepada nexthari dayberikutnya; Putin urgedmendesak hismitra TurkishTurki partnersuntuk tomempertimbangkan carefullysituasi considerdengan thehati-hati situationagar sotidak asmerusak notupaya tokeseluruhan damageuntuk themenyelesaikan overallkrisis efforts to resolve the Syrian crisisSuriah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61755|title=Telephone conversation with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan|website=President of  Russia}}</ref> ThePemerintah RussianRusia governmentjuga alsomenyatakan statedbahwa thatTurki Turkeymemiliki hashak auntuk rightmempertahankan todiri defendnamun itselfmeminta howevermiliter called upon foreign militaries withasing whatdengan itapa describedyang asdigambarkan ansebagai illegalkehadiran presenceilegal indi SyriaSuriah tountuk leavepergi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-explainer-idUSKBN1WO1UV|title=Explainer: Turkish operation may redraw map of Syrian war once again|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|IraqIrak}} – PresidentPresiden [[Barham Salih]] condemnedmengutuk theoperasi operationitu, statingdengan thatmenyatakan bahwa "Turkey’sserangan militarymiliter incursionTurki intoke SyriaSuriah isadalah aeskalasi grave escalationbesar; willakan causemenyebabkan untoldpenderitaan humanitariankemanusiaan sufferingyang tak terhingga, empowermemberdayakan terroristkelompok-kelompok groupsteroris. TheDunia worldharus mustbersatu uniteuntuk tomencegah avert a catastrophebencana, promotemempromosikan politicalresolusi resolutionpolitik tountuk thehak-hak rightssemua ofwarga all SyriansSuriah, includingtermasuk KurdsKurdi, tountuk peacekedamaian, dignitymartabat & securitykeamanan ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BarhamSalih/status/1182008431319928832|title=Turkey’s military incursion into Syria is a grave escalation; will cause untold humanitarian suffering, empower terrorist groups. The world must unite to avert a catastrophe, promote political resolution to the rights of all Syrians, including Kurds, to peace, dignity & security|last=Salih|first=Barham|date=2019-10-09|website=@BarhamSalih|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
* {{Flag|FinlandFinlandia}} – InMenanggapi responseserangan to the offensiveitu, FinlandFinlandia announcedmengumumkan theymereka wouldakan ceasemenghentikan armsekspor exportssenjata toke TurkeyTurki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11013073|title=Suomi tuomitsee Turkin hyökkäyksen Syyriaan – asevientiluvat Turkkiin jäädytetään|last=عاجل|first=|date=2019-10-09|website=Uutiset|language=fi|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> TurkishMenteri MinisterDalam ofNegeri InteriorTurki Süleyman Soylu reportedlydilaporkan reactedbereaksi laughingtertawa anddan saidberkata: "TheyLangkah didyang goodbaik bagi mereka. It'sKecaman tersebut nottidak importantpenting forbagi uskita."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/finlandiya-turkiyeye-silah-satisini-durdurdu-406589h|title="Finlandiya, Türkiye'ye silah satışını durdurdu"|date=9 October 2019|website=Halk TV}}</ref>
* {{Flag|SaudiArab ArabiaSaudi}} – ThePemerintah government ofArab Saudi Arabiamengutuk condemnedtindakan Turkey'sTurki actionsdalam in asebuah statementpernyataan, sayingmengatakan thatbahwa the operationoperasi "hasmemiliki negativedampak repercussionsnegatif onpada thekeamanan securitydan andstabilitas stability of the regionkawasan".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/KSAmofaEN/status/1182009235846107136|title=#KSA pointed out that the seriousness of this aggression on northeastern Syria has negative repercussions on the security and stability of the region, especially undermining the int'l efforts in combating ISIS organization.|last=Ministry   🇸🇦|first=Foreign|date=2019-10-09|website=@KSAmofaEN|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> TheKementerian Saudiluar foreignnegeri ministrySaudi alsojuga claimedmengklaim thatbahwa theserangan offensiveitu ismerupakan apelanggaran violationterhadap of Syria'spersatuan, unitykemerdekaan, independencedan andkedaulatan sovereigntySuriah.<ref name="alarabiya">{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/10/09/Saudi-Arabia-condemns-Turkish-aggression-on-north-east-Syria.html|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt condemn Turkey’s aggression on Syria|website=english.alarabiya.net|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|UnitedBritania KingdomRaya}} – InDalam asebuah telephonepanggilan calltelepon withdengan USPresiden PresidentAS Donald Trump, PrimePerdana MinisterMenteri [[Boris Johnson]] describedmenggambarkan theserangan offensiveitu as ansebagai "invasioninvasi" anddan expressedmenyatakan "seriouskeprihatinan concernserius".<ref>Prime Minister's Office, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-call-with-president-trump-9-october-2019 PM call with President Trump: 9 October 2019], accessed 10 October 2019</ref>
* {{Flag|FrancePrancis}} – ForeignMenteri MinisterLuar Negeri Jean-Yves Le Drian condemnedmengutuk theoperasi unilateralsepihak TurkishTurki operationdi intimur northeastlaut SyriaSuriah onpada 9 OctoberOktober 2019, anddan declaredmenyatakan "(ItItu is ) isadalah [''sic''] jeopardisingyang themembahayakan anti-Islamickeamanan Statekoalisi coalition’snegara security and humanitariananti-Islam effortsdan andupaya iskemanusiaan adan riskmerupakan forrisiko thebagi securitykeamanan ofOrang EuropeansEropa. ItItu hasharus toberakhir end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-security-turkey-france/france-says-turkey-operation-jeopardises-security-and-humanitarian-efforts-idUKKBN1WO2LW|title=France says Turkey operation jeopardises security and humanitarian efforts|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|CanadaKanada}} - OnPada 9 OctoberOktober 2019, CanadianMenteri MinisterLuar ofNegeri Foreign AffairsKanada Chrystia Freeland statedmenyatakan ondi Twitter thatbahwa CanadaKanada "firmlydengan tegas mengutuk condemnsserangan Turkey’smiliter militaryTurki incursionke intoSuriah Syriahari todayini."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Canada condemns Turkey's military action against Kurdish forces|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-canada/canada-condemns-turkeys-military-action-against-kurdish-forces-idUSKBN1WO2SC|agency=Reuters|date=October 9, 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Uni Emirat Arab}} - UEA menyatakan bahwa mereka mengutuk serangan dalam istilah terkuat dan mengutuk campur tangan Turki di [[Teluk Aqabah|Teluk Arab]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://international.sindonews.com/read/1448128/44/saudi-kutuk-dan-tuntut-turki-akhiri-invasi-di-suriah-1570895917|title=Saudi Kutuk dan Tuntut Turki Akhiri Invasi di Suriah|date=12 Oktober 2019|work=[[Sindonews.com]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} - The UAE stated that they condemn the offensive in the strongest terms and condemn Turkish interference in the Arab Gulf.
* {{Flag|Bahrain}} - Kementerian Luar Negeri Kerajaan Bahrain sangat mengutuk serangan militer oleh Turki di daerah-daerah di timur laut Suriah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://kumparan.com/@kumparannews/negara-negara-arab-kecam-serangan-turki-ke-suriah-1s1jC6H5jXS|title=Negara-negara Arab Kecam Serangan Turki ke Suriah|date=9 Oktober 2019|work=[[Kumparan (situs web)|Kumparan]]|last=Armandhanu|first=Denny}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Bahrain}} - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain strongly condemned the military attack by Turkey on areas in northeast of Syria.
 
==== Organisasi supranasional ====
 
* {{Flag|UnitedPerserikatan NationsBangsa-Bangsa}} – ThePBB UNmemperingatkan cautionedtentang regardingserangan theyang offensivemenyerukan callingperlindungan forwarga the protection of civilianssipil. Panos Moumtzis, theKoordinator UN'sKemanusiaan Regional HumanitarianPBB Coordinatoruntuk for SyriaSuriah, commentedberkomentar sayingmengatakan "AnySetiap operasi (militarymiliter) operation that takes place at the momentyang hasterjadi tosaat takeini intoharus accountmemperhitungkan tountuk ensurememastikan thatbahwa wekami don’ttidak seemelihat anypemindahan furtherlebih displacementlanjut."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-un-idUSKBN1WM0TH|title=U.N. calls for protecting civilians in northeast Syria|date=October 7, 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|EuropeanUni UnionEropa}} – HighPerwakilan RepresentativeTinggi [[Federica Mogherini]] issuedmengeluarkan adeklarasi declarationatas onnama behalfUE of the EU onpada 9 OctoberOktober 2019 statingyang thatmenyatakan bahwa "InMengingat lightoperasi ofmiliter theTurki Turkishdi militarytimur operationlaut in north-east SyriaSuriah, theUE EUmenegaskan reaffirmskembali thatbahwa asolusi sustainableberkelanjutan solutionuntuk tokonflik theSuriah Syriantidak conflictdapat cannotdicapai besecara achieved militarilymiliter. TheUni EUEropa callsmenyerukan uponTurki Turkeyuntuk tomenghentikan ceaseaksi themiliter unilateralsepihak. military action."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/10/09/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-on-recent-developments-in-north-east-syria/|title=Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on recent developments in north-east Syria|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flag|NATO}} – SecretarySekretaris GeneralJenderal [[Jens Stoltenberg]] saidmengatakan thatbahwa Turkey isTurki "atberada thedi forefrontgaris ofdepan thekrisis crisisdan andmemiliki hasmasalah legitimatekeamanan securityyang concernssah", havingsetelah sufferedmengalami terroristserangan attacksteroris anddan hostingmenampung millionsjutaan of refugeespengungsi. HeDia addedmenambahkan thatbahwa NATO wasdiberitahu informedoleh byotoritas TurkishTurki authoritiestentang aboutoperasi theyang ongoingsedang operationsberlangsung indi NorthernSuriah SyriaUtara. HeDia furtherlebih statedlanjut thatmenyatakan it wasbahwa "importantpenting tountuk avoidmenghindari actionstindakan thatyang maydapat furthermembuat destabiliselebih thetidak regionstabil kawasan itu, escalatemeningkatkan tensionsketegangan, anddan causemenyebabkan morelebih humanbanyak sufferingpenderitaan manusia." He calledDia onmeminta TurkeyTurki tountuk "actbertindak withdengan restraintpengekangan" anddan saidmengatakan thatbahwa thekeuntungan gainsyang madediperoleh againstterhadap ISIS should nottidak beboleh jeopardizedmembahayakan.<ref>[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_169485.htm?selectedLocale=en] by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the joint press point with the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giuseppe Conte</ref>
 
* {{Flag|Liga Arab}} – Liga Arab mengecam tindakan Turki yang melakukan invasi ke daerah timur laut Suriah. Sekretaris Jenderal Liga Arab Ahmed Aboul Gheit mengatakan invasi Turki ke Suriah timur laut melanggar batas dan kedaulatan negara Suriah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1259096/liga-arab-kecam-ankara-minta-turki-hentikan-serangan-ke-suriah/full&view=ok|title=Liga Arab Kecam Ankara, Minta Turki Hentikan Serangan ke Suriah|date=13 Oktober 2019|work=[[Tempo.co]]|language=id}}{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
==== Gerakan regional lainnya ====
 
* {{Flag|[[Kurdistan Region}}Irak]]TheDaerah autonomousotonomi [[Kurdistan Irak|Kurdistan Region]]di of [[Irak|Iraq]] expressedmenyatakan deepkeprihatinan concernmendalam anddan calledmenyerukan uponkepada TurkeyTurki tountuk "avoidmenghindari inisiatif anyapa initiativepun thatyang wouldakan underminemerusak thekemajuan progressyang madedibuat againstterhadap ISIS".<ref>{{Cite news|title=KRG Statement on developments in Northeastern Syria|url=https://gov.krd/english/news-and-announcements/posts/2019/october/krg-statement-on-developments-in-northeastern-syria/|access-date=9 October 2019|work=Kurdistan Regional Government|language=en}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
 
* [[Kurdistan]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Perang Saudara Suriah}}
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[[Kategori:Turki dalam tahun 2019]]
[[Kategori:Suriah]]