Templat:Matahari: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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(18 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Infobox
| name = matahari
| bodystyle = width:25em
| title = Matahari [[File:Sun symbol (bold).svg|24px|☉]]
| image = [[File:The Sun in white light.jpg|frameless|275px]]
| caption = Diproyeksikan dalam [[cahaya tampak]] dengan [[filter surya]] pada tahun 2019 dengan [[bintik matahari]] dan [[penggelapan tepi]]
| image2 = [[File:The Sun by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory - 20100819.jpg|frameless|275px]]
| caption2 = Gambar [[warna semu|berwarna semu]] yang diambil pada tahun 2010 yang diproyeksikan oleh [[sinar ultraungu]] (panjang gelombang 30,4 nm)
| headerstyle = background:#FCC857
| labelstyle = padding:2px
| datastyle = padding:2px
| label1 = Nama
| data1 = Matahari, Surya,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/surya Surya — KBBI Daring]</ref> Mentari,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/mentari Mentari — KBBI Daring]</ref> Syamsu,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/syamsu Syamsu — KBBI Daring]</ref> Syamsi,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/syamsi Syamsi — KBBI Daring]</ref> Rawi,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/rawi Rawi — KBBI Daring]</ref> Baskara,<ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/baskara Baskara— KBBI Daring]</ref> ''Sun'', ''Sol'',<ref name=OED>{{OED|Sol}}</ref> ''Helios''<ref name=Lexico>{{Lexico|Helios}}</ref>
| label2 = Kata sifat
| data2 = Solar,<ref name=OED2>{{OED|solar}}</ref><ref>[https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/solar%20(2) Solar<sup>2</sup> — KBBI Daring]</ref> Surya
<!-- section break, rows 1-19-->
| header3 = Data pengamatan
| label4 = Jarak rata-rata<br/><small>dari [[Bumi]]</small>
| data4 = {{val|1|ul=AU}} ≈ {{val|1.496|e=8|u=km}}<ref name="Pitjeva2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Pitjeva |first1=E. V. |last2=Standish |first2=E. M. |date=2009 |title=Proposals for the masses of the three largest asteroids, the Moon–Earth mass ratio and the Astronomical Unit |journal=[[Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy]] |language=en |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=365–372 |doi=10.1007/s10569-009-9203-8 |issn=1572-9478 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1000691 |bibcode=2009CeMDA.103..365P|s2cid=121374703 }}</ref><br />8 min 19 s ([[laju cahaya]])
| label5 = [[Magnitudo semu|Kecerahan visual]] (''V'')
| data5 = −26,74<ref name=nssdc>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=D.R. |date=1 Juli 2013 |title=Sun Fact Sheet |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |publisher=[[NASA Goddard Space Flight Center]] |accessdate=12 Agustus 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715200549/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |archive-date=15 Juli 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| label6 = [[Magnitudo mutlak]]
| data6 = 4,83<ref name=nssdc />
|
| data7 = G2V<ref>{{cite book |last=Zombeck |first=Martin V. |date=1990 |title=Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 2nd edition |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/}}</ref>
| label8 = [[Metalisitas|Kelogaman]]
| data8 = ''Z'' = 0,0122<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asplund |first1=M. |last2=Grevesse |first2=N. |last3=Sauval |first3=A.J. |date=2006 |title=The new solar abundances – Part I: the observations |journal=Communications in Asteroseismology |volume=147 |pages=76–79 |bibcode=2006CoAst.147...76A |doi=10.1553/cia147s76|s2cid=123824232 |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/05ac/bc83e2e4e19318d3eca489fe60300eb0388b.pdf }}</ref>
| label9 = [[Diameter sudut]]
| data9 = 31,6–32,7 [[menit busur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |publisher=NASA |accessdate=24 Oktober 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527142627/http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |archivedate=27 Mei 2010 |df=}}</ref>
| header10 = Ciri-ciri [[orbit]]
| label11 = Jarak rata-rata<br /><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">dari pusat [[Bima Sakti]]</small></span>
| data11 = ≈ {{val|2.7|e=17|u=km}}<br />{{nowrap|{{val|27200|u=[[tahun cahaya]]}}}}
| label12 = [[Tahun galaksi|Periode galaksi]]
| data12 = (2,25–2,50){{e|8}} [[Tahun Julian|a]]
| label13 = [[Kecepatan]]
| data13 = ≈ {{val|220|u=km/s}} (orbit mengitari pusat Bima Sakti) <br />≈ {{val|20|u=km/s}} (relatif terhadap kecepatan rata-rata bintang lain dalam kelompok bintang) <br />≈ {{val|370|u=km/s}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hinshaw |first=G. |display-authors=etal |year=2009 |title=Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] |volume=180 |issue=2 |pages=225–245 |arxiv=0803.0732 |bibcode=2009ApJS..180..225H |doi=10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225|s2cid=3629998 }}</ref> (relatif terhadap [[Radiasi latar belakang gelombang mikrokosmis|latar belakang gelombang mikrokosmis]])
<!-- section break, rows 20–39 -->
| header20 = Ciri-ciri fisik
| label21 = [[Jari-jari]] khatulistiwa
| data21 = [[Jari-jari matahari|695.700]] km<ref name=IAU2015resB3>{{cite arxiv |first1=E.E. |last1=Mamajek |first2=A. |last2=Prsa |first3=G. |last3=Torres |first4=al. |last4=et |title=IAU 2015 Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary Properties |eprint=1510.07674 |mode=cs2 |class=astro-ph.SR |year=2015}}</ref><br />696.342 km<ref name=arxiv1203_4898>{{citation |first1=Marcelo |last1=Emilio |first2=Jeff R. |last2=Kuhn |first3=Rock I. |last3=Bush |first4=Isabelle F. |last4=Scholl |title=Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits |arxiv=1203.4898 |bibcode=2012ApJ...750..135E |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135 |volume=750 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |page=135 |year=2012|s2cid=119255559 }}</ref><br />{{val|109|u=[[Jari-jari Bumi|× Bumi]]}}<ref name=sse/>
| label22 = [[Keliling]] khatulistiwa
| data22 = {{val|4.379|e=6|u=km}}<ref name=sse/><br />109 × Bumi<ref name=sse>{{cite web |title=Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |archivedate=2 Januari 2008 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
| label23 = [[Kepepatan]]
| data23 = {{val|9|e=-6}}
| label24 = [[Luas permukaan]]
| data24 = {{val|6.09|e=12|u=km2}}<ref name=sse/><br />{{nowrap|{{val|12000}}}} × Bumi<ref name=sse/>
| label25 = [[Volume]]
| data25 = {{val|1.41|e=18|u=km3}}<ref name=sse/><!-- NASA source has "1.412 x 10^18 km^3", which is 1.412 × 10^27 m^3 (basic arithmetic, also verified using the formula for volume of a sphere), but the Sun is not a sphere, and their radius is off a bit from what we have above, so we need to at least round a bit--><br />{{nowrap|{{val|1300000}}}} × Bumi
| label26 = [[Massa]]
| data26 = {{val|1.9891||e=30|u=kg}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />{{nowrap|{{val|333000|u=[[Massa bumi|× Bumi]]}}}}<ref name=nssdc/><!-- NASA Sun Fact Sheet states 333,000, a figure coherent with data already present in en.wiki -->
| label27 = [[Kepadatan]] rata-rata
| data27 = {{val|1.408|e=3|u=kg/m3}}<ref name=nssdc/><ref name=sse/><ref>
{{cite web
|last=Ko |first=M.
Baris 112 ⟶ 60:
|editor=Elert, G.
|work=The Physics Factbook
}}</ref><br />{{val|1.408|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=nssdc/><ref name=sse/><ref>{{cite web |last=Ko |first=M. |date=1999 |title=Density of the Sun |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/MayKo.shtml |editor=Elert, G. |website=The Physics Factbook}}</ref><br />{{val|0.255}} × Bumi<ref name=nssdc/><ref name=sse/>
| label28 = [[Kepadatan]]
| data28 = '''pusat <small>(permodelan)</small>'''<br />{{val|1.622|e=5|u=kg/m3}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />{{val|162.2|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />{{val|12.4}} × Bumi<br />'''fotosfer'''<br />{{val|2|e=-4|u=kg/m3}}<br />'''kromosfer'''<br />{{val|5|e=-6|u=kg/m3}}<br />'''korona <small>(rata-rata)</small>'''<br />{{val|1|e=-12|u=kg/m3}}<ref>
{{cite web
|last= |first=
|date=30
|title=Principles of Spectroscopy
|url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/undergrad/Labs/spectro/short_spectro.html
|publisher=[[
}}</ref>
| label29 = [[Gravitasi permukaan]] khatulistiwa
| data29 = {{val|274|u=m/s2}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />28 × Bumi<ref name=sse/>
| label30 = [[Faktor momen inersia]]
| data30 = {{val|0.070}}<ref name=nssdc /> (perkiraan)
|
| data31 = {{val|617.7|u=km/
| label32 = Suhu
| data32 = '''pusat <small>(permodelan)</small>'''<br />{{val|1.57|e=7|u=K}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />'''[[fotosfer]] <small>(efektif)</small>'''<br />{{nowrap|{{val|5772|ul=K}}}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />'''[[korona]]'''<br />≈ {{val|5|e=6|u=K}}
| label33 = [[Luminositas]] (L<sub>sol</sub>)
| data33 = {{val|3.828|e=26|ul=W}}<ref name=nssdc/><br />≈ {{val|3.75|e=28|u=[[Lumen (satuan)|lm]]}}<br />≈ {{val|98|u=lm/W}} [[Efikasi cahaya|efikasi]]
| label34 = [[Indeks warna|Warna]] (B-V)
| data34 = 0,63
| label35 = [[Radians]] rata-rata (I<sub>sol</sub>)
| data35 = {{val|2.009|e=7|u=W·m<sup>−2</sup>·sr<sup>−1</sup>}}
| label36 = Umur
| data36 = ≈ 4,6 miliar tahun<ref name="Bonanno">{{Cite journal |last1=Bonanno |first1=A. |last2=Schlattl |first2=H. |last3=Paternò |first3=L. |year=2002 |title=The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=390 |issue=3 |pages=1115–1118 |arxiv=astro-ph/0204331 |bibcode=2002A&A...390.1115B |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020749 |ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk |date=2 November 2012 |doi=10.1126/science.1226919 |journal=Science |volume=338 |issue=6107 |pages=651–655 |bibcode=2012Sci...338..651C |pmid=23118187 |last1=Connelly |first1=JN |last2=Bizzarro |first2=M |last3=Krot |first3=AN |last4=Nordlund |first4=Å |last5=Wielandt |first5=D |last6=Ivanova |first6=MA|s2cid=21965292 }}{{Registration required}}</ref>
<!-- section break, rows 40–49 -->
| header40 = Ciri-ciri [[rotasi]]
| label41 = [[Kemiringan sumbu]]
| data41 = 7,25°<ref name=nssdc/><br /><small>(terhadap [[ekliptika]])</small><br />67,23°<br /><small>(terhadap [[bidang galaksi]])</small>
| label42 = [[Asensio rekta]]<br /><small>pada kutub utara</small><ref name="iau-iag">{{cite web |last1=Seidelmann |first1=P.K. |display-authors=etal |title=Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000 |url=http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm |date=2000 |accessdate=22 Maret 2006}}</ref>
| data42 = 286,13°<br />{{nowrap|19 jam 4 menit 30 detik}}
| label43 = [[Deklinasi]]<br /><small>pada kutub utara</small>
| data43 = +63,87°<br />63° 52' LU
| label44 = [[Rotasi matahari|Periode rotasi]] sideris
| data44 = '''terhadap khatulistiwa'''<br />25,05 hari<ref name=nssdc/><br />'''terhadap lintang 16°'''<br />25,38 hari<ref name=nssdc/><br />{{nowrap|25 hari 9 jam 7 menit 12 detik}}<ref name="iau-iag"/><br />'''terhadap kutub'''<br />34,4 hari<ref name=nssdc/><!-- derived from T = ( 14.37 − 2.33 sin^2 L − 1.56 sin^4 L ) °/day, L = 90° -->
| label47 = Kecepatan rotasi<br /><small>(terhadap khatulistiwa)</small>
| data47 = {{val|7.189|e=3|u=km/h}}<ref name="sse"/><!-- Derived from NASA source: equatorial circumference of 4,379,000 kilometers divided by sidereal rotation period of 609.12 hours; maybe this kind of basic calculation could be done in some generic template code? -->
<!-- section break, rows 50–69 -->
| header50 = Komposisi [[fotosfer]] (menurut massa)
| label51 = [[Hidrogen]]
| data51 = 73,46%<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sun's Vital Statistics |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |publisher=Stanford Solar Center |accessdate=29 Juli 2008}} Citing {{cite book |last=Eddy |first=J. |date=1979 |title=A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |page=37 |publisher=NASA |id=NASA SP-402}}</ref>
| label52 = [[Helium]]
| data52 = 24,85%
| label53 = [[Oksigen]]
| data53 = 0,77%
| label54 = [[Karbon]]
| data54 = 0,29%
| label55 = [[Besi]]
| data55 = 0,16%
| label56 = [[Neon]]
| data56 = 0,12%
| label57 = [[Nitrogen]]
| data57 = 0,09%
| label58 = [[Silikon]]
| data58 = 0,07%
| label59 = [[Magnesium]]
| data59 = 0,05%
| label60 = [[Belerang]]
| data60 = 0,04%
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