James Prescott Joule: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Eponim satuan|joule}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Joule James sitting.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = James Joule – fisikawan
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1818|12|24}}
| birth_place = [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford, Lancashire]], Inggris, Britania Raya
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1889|10|11|1818|12|24}}
| death_place = [[Sale, Greater Manchester|Sale, Cheshire]], Inggris, Britania Raya
| residence =
| citizenship = Britania
| field = [[Fisika]]
| work_institution =
| alma_mater =
| influences = [[John Dalton]]<br>[[John Davies (lecturer)|John Davies]]
| known_for = [[Hukum pertama termodinamika]]<br>Menyangkal [[teori kalorik]]
| prizes = [[Royal Medal]] {{small|(1852)}}<br>[[Medali Copley]] {{small|(1870)}}<br>[[Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)|Albert Medal]] {{small|(1880)}}
}}
'''James Prescott Joule''' ({{lahirmati|[[Salford]], [[Inggris]]|24|12|1818|[[Greater Manchester]], [[Inggris]]|11|10|1889}}) ialah seorang [[ilmuwan]] berkebangsaan [[Inggris]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rusli|first=Aloysius|date=2016|title=Mengapa Definisi Satuan Arus Listrik Dikaitkan dengan Gaya Dua Ratus nanonewton? – Interaksi Ilmu dan Industri dalam Menetapkan Satuan ampere|url=https://ifory.id/proceedings/2016/3F4MUPfDJ/skf_2016_aloysius_rusli_d6e7426d7dc3c44401d45b914d455892.pdf|journal=Prosiding SKF 2016|pages=36|isbn=978-602-61045-1-9}}</ref> Ia dikenal sebagai perumus [[Hukum Kekekalan Energi]], yang berbunyi,
{{Cquote|[[Energi]] tidak dapat diciptakan ataupun dimusnahkan.}}
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Pada tahun [[1840]], James menerbitkan sebuah karya ilmiah tentang panas yang dihasilkan oleh arus listrik. Lalu pada tahun [[1843]], ia menerbitkan kelanjutan karya ilmiahnya tentang bagaimana mengubah kerja menjadi panas. Ia melakukan eksperimen menggunakan roda berpedal. Akhirnya dari situ James merumuskan konsep [[fisika]] mengenai '''kesetaraan energi mekanik dan energi panas'''.
Empat tahun kemudian, ia berhasil merumuskan '''[[hukum kekekalan energi]]''', yang merupakan hukum pertama dari [[hukum termodinamika]]. Hukum itu menyatakan bahwa energi tidak dapat diciptakan atau dimusnahkan,
Pada tahun [[1847]] James bertemu dengan [[Lord Kelvin]] atau [[William Thomson]], di acara diskusi sains. Lord Kelvin tertarik dengan penemuan-penemuan James dan karya-karya ilmiah yang pernah dipublikasikan. Ia pun mengajak James untuk bekerja sama. Dari kerja samanya, maka lahirlah suatu konsep fisika yang disebut '''Efek Joule-Thomson'''. Efek Joule-Thomson lalu berkembang menjadi ilmu yang memelajari tentang sifat materi pada suhu sangat rendah. Ilmu itu disebut [[Kriogenik]].
== Referensi ==
▲{{Commonscat|James Prescott Joule}}
<references />
{{lifetime|1818|1889|Joule, James Prescott}}▼
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite journal | author = Bottomley, J. T. | title = James Prescott Joule | year = 1882 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 26 | pages = 617–620 |bibcode = 1882Natur..26..617B |doi = 10.1038/026617a0 | issue=678}}
* {{cite book | author = Cardwell, D. S. L. | title=James Joule: A Biography | publisher=Manchester University Press | year=1991 | isbn=0-7190-3479-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWLQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false }}
* {{cite journal | author = Forrester, J. | title = Chemistry and the Conservation of Energy: The Work of James Prescott Joule | year = 1975 | journal = Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science | volume = 6 | pages = 273–313 | doi = 10.1016/0039-3681(75)90025-4 | issue = 4}}
* Fox, R, "James Prescott Joule, 1818–1889", in {{cite book | author=North, J. | title=Mid-nineteenth-century scientists | publisher=Elsevier | year=1969 | pages = 72–103| isbn=0-7190-3479-5}}
* {{cite book | author = Reynolds, Osbourne | title = Memoir of James Prescott Joule | year = 1892 | publisher = Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society | place = Manchester, England | url = http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109972#page/11/mode/1up | accessdate = 2014-03-05}}
* {{cite journal | author = Sibum, H. O. | title = Reworking the mechanical value of heat: instruments of precision and gestures of accuracy in early Victorian England | year = 1995 | journal = Studies in History and Philosophy of Science | volume = 26 | pages = 73–106 | doi = 10.1016/0039-3681(94)00036-9}}
* {{cite book | author = Smith, C. | title = The Science of Energy: A Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain | location = London | publisher = Heinemann | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-485-11431-3 }}
* {{ODNBweb|id=15139|title=Joule, James Prescott|first=Crosbie|last=Smith|year=2004}}. {{DNBfirst|wstitle=Joule, James Prescott}}
* {{cite book |author1=Smith, C. |author2=Wise, M.N. | title=Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1989 | isbn=0-521-26173-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2JYWeyAXpHUC&lpg=PA306&ots=CorbWWAw2J&dq=joule%201844&pg=PA305#v=onepage&q=joule%201844&f=false }}
* {{cite book | author=Steffens, H.J. | title=James Prescott Joule and the Concept of Energy | url=https://archive.org/details/jamesprescottjou0000stef | publisher=Watson | year=1979 | isbn=0-88202-170-2 }}
* {{cite book | author=Walker, James | title=Physics 4th Edition| publisher=Pearson | year=1950 | isbn= 978-0-321-54163-5 }}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons and category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource author}}
* [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL239730M/The_scientific_papers_of_James_Prescott_Joule The scientific papers of James Prescott Joule (1884)] - annotated by Joule
* [https://archive.org/stream/scientificpapers00joul The joint scientific papers of James Prescott Joule (1887)] - annotated by Joule
* [http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Joule-Heat-1845.html Classic papers of 1845 and 1847 at ChemTeam website] ''On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat'' and ''On the Existence of an Equivalent Relation between Heat and the ordinary Forms of Mechanical Power''
* [http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10301513 Joule's water friction apparatus] at [[London Science Museum]]
* ''[http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/JOULE1.html Some Remarks on Heat and the Constitution of Elastic Fluids]'', Joule's 1851 estimate of the speed of a gas molecule.
* [http://www.bad.org.uk/Portals/_Bad/History/Historical%20poster%2006.pdf University of Manchester material on Joule] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006041736/http://bad.org.uk/Portals/_Bad/History/Historical%20poster%2006.pdf |date=2010-10-06 }} – includes photographs of Joule's house and gravesite
* {{cite DNB|wstitle=Joule, James Prescott}}
* {{cite journal | title = Dr. Joule | journal = Electrical Engineer | year = 1889 | issue = 18 October | pages = 311–312 | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/?id=PQsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA311&lpg=PA311&dq=James+Joule+obituary | accessdate =16 May 2008 | publisher = Biggs & Co}}- obituary with brief comment on Joule's family
* [http://www.cse.salford.ac.uk/physics Joule Physics Laboratory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090231/http://www.cse.salford.ac.uk/physics |date=2013-01-29 }} at the [[University of Salford]]
* [http://www.joulesbrewery.co.uk] - contains further information on the origins of the Joules brewery and the link with James Prescott Joule
{{Peraih Medali Copley 1851–1900}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Ilmuwan Inggris]]▼
[[Kategori:James Prescott Joule| ]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1818]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 1889]]
[[Kategori:Ahli termodinamika]]
[[Kategori:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Kategori:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Kategori:Penerima Medali Copley]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Greater Manchester]]
[[Kategori:People associated with energy]]
[[Kategori:People associated with electricity]]
[[Kategori:Orang dari Salford, Greater Manchester]]
[[Kategori:Pemenang Royal Medal]]
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