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Baris 1: '''Chang'an''' {{Audio\|zh-Changan.ogg\|~~dengarkan~~suara}} ({{zh-stpw \|s=~~长安~~长安 \|t=~~長安~~長安 \|p=Cháng'~~ān~~ān \|w='''Ch'ang-an'''}}) adalah ibu kota kuno dari 10 [[dinasti]] di [[Tiongkok]]. "Chang an" berarti "kedamaian abadi" dalam [[~~China~~bahasa ~~Klasik~~Mandarin]]. [[Berkas:HanHorse.jpg\|jmpl\|ka\|200px\|Sebuah [[terakota]] [[kepala]] [[kuda]] dari [[Dinasti Han]] .]] Lokasi Chang'an pada masa [[Dinasti Han]] terletak di barat laut [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi]] sekarang ini. Lokasi lain dari Chang'an masa [[Dinasti Tang]] termasuk daerah dalam [[tembok Xi'an]], bagian kecil di timur, barat dan bagian utama dari suburb selatan kota Xi-an modern. Delapan kali lebih ~~besari~~besar dari kota Xi'an pada [[Dinasti Ming]] yang dibuat kembali berdasarkan kota kekaisaran [[Dinasti Sui]] dan Dinasti Tang. Chang'an ~~merupakan~~pada ~~salah~~zaman ~~satu~~Dinasti Tang merupakan kota terbesar dan terpadat di dunia. <!-- Situs kota Han kuno terletak 5km ke arah barat laut dari Xi'an. Sebagai ibu kota Dinasti H an Barat, ia menjadi pusat politik, ekonomi dan kebudayaan, awal dari 'Jalan Sutera' dan metropolitan internasional yang dapat disetarakan dengan kota Roma pada masa itu. Konstruksi kota dapat dibagi menjadi 3 periode selama lebih dari 90 tahun. Kaisar Gao dari Han [[Liu Bang]] memutuskan untuk membangun istana di depan tembok kota. Di [[202 SM]], dia memperbaiki Istana Xingle (兴乐宫) dari [Dinasti Qin]] dan menamainya menjadi [[Istana Changle]] (长乐宫). Dua tahun kemudian, sebuah istana baru bernama [[Weiyang]] (未央宫) dibangun. Pada [[195 SM]], anaknya, [[Kaisar Hui dari Han China] Kaisar Hui dari Han]] memulai pembangunan tembok Chang'an dan menyelesaikannya pada bulan September [[191 SM]]. Kaisar Hui, Kaisar Wu dari Han China, kemudian membangun beberapa istana di kota. Pada masa itu, [[Zhang Qian]] pergi ke barat sebagai diplomat Kekaisaran Han. Kota Chang'an menjadi '' jembatan '' antara [[Asia]] dan [[Eropa]] sebagai ujung timur [Jalan Sutra] yang terkenal. Pada [[2 M]], lebih dari 240.000 orang tinggal di Chang'an. Mengikuti Han Barat, pemerintah Han Timur menjadikan [[Luoyang]] ibu kota dan menamai Chang'an sebagai Xijing (ibu kota barat) (Karena alasan kosmologis, Tiongkok selalu memiliki empat "ibu kota"). Setelah Han Timur, banyak dinasti menobatkan kota Chang'an sebagai ibu kota. Pada [[582]], kaisar Sui Dyansty memilih sebuah tempat di sebelah tenggaranya untuk membangun sebuah ibu kota baru yang dia sebut kota Daxing (Mengembalikan nama Chang'an pada masa Dinasti Tang). Kota Chang'an Han ditinggalkan. The city site of Han was located 5 km away from Xi'an in the northwest. As the capital of the [[Western Han Dynasty]], it was the centre of China's politics, economy and culture, the start of the [[Silk Road]] and an international metropolis which was comparable with the city of [[Rome]] at that time. The construction of the city can be divided into 3 periods over more than 90 years. The Emperor Gao of Han [[Liu Bang]] decided to build the palaces before the city walls. In [[202 BC]], he repaired the Xingle Palace (~~兴乐宫~~兴乐宫) of the [[Qin Dynasty]] and renamed it to [[Changle Palace]] (~~长乐宫~~长乐宫). Two years later, a new palace called [[Weiyang]] (~~未央宫~~未央宫) was constructed. In [[195 BC]], his son, [[Emperor Hui of Han China\|Emperor Hui of Han]] begun the construction of the walls of Chang'an and finished them in September of [[191 BC]]. Emperor Hui, [[Emperor Wu of Han China\|Emperor Wu of Han]] then built several palaces in the city. At that time, [[Zhang Qian]] went to the west as a diplomat of the Empire of Han. Chang'an city became a ''bridge'' between [[Asia]] and [[Europe]] as the eastern start of the famous [[Silk Road]]. In [[2 AD]], more than 240,000 people lived in Chang'an. After the Western Han, the Eastern Han government made [[Luoyang]] the capital and renamed Chang'an to Xijing (western capital) (China had, for cosmological reasons, always four "capitals"). After the Eastern Han, many dynasties regarded Chang'an city as the capital. In [[582]], emperor of the Sui Dyansty selected a place in the southeast of it to build a new capital which he called Daxing city (renamed as Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty). The Chang'an city of Han was abandoned.▼ ▲The construction of the city can be divided into 3 periods over more than 90 years. The Emperor Gao of Han [[Liu Bang]] decided to build the palaces before the city walls. In [[202 BC]], he repaired the Xingle Palace (兴乐宫) of the [[Qin Dynasty]] and renamed it to [[Changle Palace]] (长乐宫). Two years later, a new palace called [[Weiyang]] (未央宫) was constructed. In [[195 BC]], his son, [[Emperor Hui of Han China\|Emperor Hui of Han]] begun the construction of the walls of Chang'an and finished them in September of [[191 BC]]. Emperor Hui, [[Emperor Wu of Han China\|Emperor Wu of Han]] then built several palaces in the city. At that time, [[Zhang Qian]] went to the west as a diplomat of the Empire of Han. Chang'an city became a ''bridge'' between [[Asia]] and [[Europe]] as the eastern start of the famous [[Silk Road]]. In [[2 AD]], more than 240,000 people lived in Chang'an. After the Western Han, the Eastern Han government made [[Luoyang]] the capital and renamed Chang'an to Xijing (western capital) (China had, for cosmological reasons, always four "capitals"). After the Eastern Han, many dynasties regarded Chang'an city as the capital. In [[582]], emperor of the Sui Dyansty selected a place in the southeast of it to build a new capital which he called Daxing city (renamed as Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty). The Chang'an city of Han was abandoned. ===City wall=== Baris 26 ⟶ 28: ===City structure=== ===Palaces=== --> == Lihat ~~juga~~pula == * [[Ibukota kuno di Tiongkok]] * [[Kuil Xi Ming]] == Pranala luar == * {{en}} [http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/cities/china/xian/xian.html Perkenalan kepada Xi'an/Chang'an] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105021859/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/cities/china/xian/xian.html \|date=2005-11-05 }} dari [[Universitas Washington]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:~~Ibukota~~Ibu kota kuno di Tiongkok]]▼ [[Kategori:Kota di Jalur Sutra]] [[Kategori:Shaanxi]] ~~[[es:Chang'an]]~~ ~~[[zh:长安]]~~ {{Tiongkok-stub}} ▲[[Category:Ibukota kuno di Tiongkok]]