Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Update|date=Februari 2022}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
|title=Krisis Presidensial Venezuela 2019
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Presiden petahana [[Nicolás Maduro]] dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pemilihan presiden Mei 2018; yang mana proses dan hasil pemilu itu banyak diperdebatkan.<ref name="BriefingNYT">{{Cite news|title=Climate Change, U.S. Shutdown, Michael Cohen: Your Friday Briefing|last=Bullock, Penn|date=10 January 2019|work=New York Times (Online)|quote=President Nicolás Maduro was inaugurated for a second term after an election last year that was widely considered illegitimate — and despite a plummeting economy and skyrocketing violence, hunger and migration.|via=ProQuest}}</ref> Pada 10 Januari 2019, Majelis Nasional Venezuela, yang mayoritas terdiri atas koalisi oposisi, menyatakan bahwa hasil pemilihan tidak sah dan mengangkat [[Juan Guaidó|Juan Guaido]] sebagai penjabat presiden, dikutip dari beberapa klausul Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang disahkan oleh mantan presiden [[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chavez]], pendahulu Maduro. Sebagai tanggapan, Mahkamah Agung yang ditunjuk Maduro menyebut pernyataan sikap oleh Majelis itu tidaklah konstitusional.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46952641|title=El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela declara "inconstitucional" a la Asamblea Nacional y anula el nombramiento de Juan Guaidó como su presidente|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
Unjuk rasa massa di seluruh Venezuela dan dunia terjadi pada 23 Januari ketika Guaido meminta rakyat Venezuela untuk berdemonstrasi menentang Maduro.<ref name="BBCProt">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46979531|title=Protestas en Venezuela: miles de personas participan en manifestaciones masivas contra el gobierno de Maduro|date=23 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="MarchasMasivas">{{Cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/01/24/las-50-fotos-de-las-masivas-marchas-contra-la-dictadura-de-nicolas-maduro-en-venezuela-y-latinoamerica/|title=Las 50 fotos de las masivas marchas contra la dictadura de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela y Latinoamérica|date=24 January 2019|work=Infobae|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Sebuah demonstrasi untuk mendukung [[Revolusi Bolivarian]] dan mendukung pemerintah juga terjadi.<ref name="DefiantMaduro">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/americas/venezuela-protests/index.html|title=Maduro defiant as Venezuelan opposition leader declares himself acting president|last=Sanchez, Ray and Nicole Chavez|date=23 January 2019|work=CNN|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Demonstrasi massal tersebut berlangsung hingga 30 Januari.<ref name="BBCProtestsRage">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06zjwkf|title=Trump backs Venezuela’s Guaido as demonstrations rage across the country|date=30 January 2019|work=BBC|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="DespiteRepression">{{Cite news|url=https://www.local10.com/espanol/noticias/venezuela/despite-repression-venezuelans-return-to-the-streets|title=Despite repression, Venezuelans return to the streets|last=Smith, Scott and Christine Armario|date=30 January 2019|work=Local10 News Miami|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203131456/https://www.local10.com/espanol/noticias/venezuela/despite-repression-venezuelans-return-to-the-streets|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Pertemuan khusus di [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]] pada 24 Januari dan di [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]] pada 26 Januari diadakan, tetapi tidak ada konsensus yang tercapai. Sekretaris Jenderal PBB [[António Guterres]] menyerukan dialog untuk meredakan ketegangan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1031382|title=UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Meksiko dan Uruguay kemudian mengumumkan akan adanya sebuah konferensi internasional untuk negara-negara dengan posisi netral di Montevideo pada 7 Februari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidencia.gub.uy/comunicacion/comunicacionnoticias/encuentro-7-febrero-montevideo-situacion-venezuela-uruguay-mexico-dialogo|title=Uruguay y México convocan a conferencia internacional en Montevideo sobre situación en Venezuela|language=Spanish|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013356/https://www.presidencia.gub.uy/comunicacion/comunicacionnoticias/encuentro-7-febrero-montevideo-situacion-venezuela-uruguay-mexico-dialogo|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Pemerintahan Maduro menyatakan bahwa krisis saat ini adalah sebuah [[kudeta]] dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menggulingkannya dan mengendalikan cadangan minyak negara yang besar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.ve/Site/Web/Principal/paginas/classMostrarEvento3.php?id_evento=12708|title=Canciller Arreaza advierte que objetivo de plan golpista es el petróleo venezolano|publisher=presidencia.gob.ve|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040106/http://www.presidencia.gob.ve/Site/Web/Principal/paginas/classMostrarEvento3.php?id_evento=12708|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/450083-venezuela-fm-us-oil-coup/|title=‘Oil’ the ‘sole and real’ purpose behind US ‘coup’ attempt, says Venezuela’s foreign minister|publisher=RT|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-maduro-afirma-petroleo-principal-motivo-presion-eeuu-contra-venezuela-20190130061636.html|title=Maduro afirma que el petróleo es el principal motivo de la presión de EEUU contra Venezuela|publisher=Europa Press|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
== Latar Belakang ==
Sejak 2010, Venezuela menderita krisis sosial-ekonomi di bawah pimpinan [[Nicolás Maduro]] (dan secara singkat di bawah pendahulunya, [[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chavez]]), karena tingkat kejahatan yang meningkat, [[hiperinflasi]], dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.<ref name="unstable">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/business/venezuela-chavez-oil-economy/|title=Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable|last=Kevin Voigt|date=6 March 2013|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="FPmarch2013">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/07/the-house-that-chavez-built/|title=The House That Chavez Built|last=Corrales|first=Javier|date=7 March 2013|work=[[Foreign Policy]]|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="NPRdec2014">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/12/25/373128433/for-venezuela-drop-in-global-oil-prices-could-be-catastrophic|title=For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic|last=Siegel|first=Robert|date=25 December 2014|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="ELPAISfeb2015">{{Cite news|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html|title=Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela|last=Scharfenberg|first=Ewald|date=1 February 2015|work=El Pais|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="FPcoupFATIGUE">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/15/coup-fatigue-in-caracas-venezuela-maduro/|title=Coup Fatigue in Caracas|last=Lansberg-Rodríguez|first=Daniel|date=15 March 2015|agency=''[[Foreign Policy]]''|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="economist.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21526365|title=Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies|date=20 August 2011|work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=23 February 2014}}</ref> Sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, koalisi oposisi pun terpilih menjadi koalisi mayoritas pada Majelis Nasional untuk pertama kalinya sejak 1999; setelah pemilihan parlemen 2015.<ref name="NYTmuzzle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/world/americas/venezuelas-supreme-court-takes-power-from-legislature.html|title=Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule|last=Casey|first=Nicholas|date=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Torres|first2=Patricia|page=A1|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Setelah pemilihan, para anggota Majelis Nasional yang terdiri dari pejabat Bolivarian mengisi Mahkamah Agung, pengadilan tertinggi di Venezuela, dengan sekutu Maduro.<ref name="NYTmuzzle" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-23/venezuela-s-lame-duck-congress-names-new-supreme-court-justices|title=Venezuela’s Lame-Duck Congress Names New Supreme Court Justices|date=23 December 2015|work=Bloomberg|language=en|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Pengadilan melucuti tiga anggota parlemen oposisi dari kursi Majelis Nasional mereka pada awal 2016, mengutip dugaan "penyimpangan" dalam pemilihan mereka, sehingga mencegah terjadinya supermayoritas oposisi yang akan mampu menantang Presiden Maduro.<ref name="NYTmuzzle" />
Pengadilan kemudian menyetujui beberapa tindakan oleh Maduro dan memberinya kekuatan lebih pada 2017.<ref name="NYTmuzzle"
=== Pemilihan Presiden 2018 ===
[[Berkas:UN_-_Venezuela_Continued_impunity_amid_dismal_human_rights_situation.webm|ka|jmpl|[[Zeid Raad Al Hussein]], seorang komisioner dari [[Kantor Komisaris Tinggi PBB untuk Hak Asasi Manusia]], berbicara mengenai Krisis Presidensial Venezuela (Juni 2018)]]
Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.<ref name="BBCweighs">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42984448|title=Venezuela opposition weighs election run|date=8 February 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/anc-aprobo-decreto-para-validacion-los-partidos-politicos_216253|title=ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos|date=20 December 2017|website=El Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46805683|title=Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo|last=Olmo (@BBCgolmo)|first=Guillermo D.|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|title=Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101748/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42304594|title=Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election|date=11 December 2017|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|title=Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship|last=Corrales|first=Javier|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103221/http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|title=Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro|last=Brodzinsky|first=Sibylla|date=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209230102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|archive-date=9 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/#0|title=Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro|date=24 August 2016|work=[[CNN en Español]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135042/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> para politisi dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|title=Venezuela's Sham Election|last=Sen|first=Ashish Kumar|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118135833/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|archive-date=18 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk ''Kelompok Lima'' (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika|OAS]] (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/401e52a0-1405-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela Swears in an illegitimate President|last=|first=|date=|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|title=Venezuela Is in Crisis. So How Did Maduro Secure a Second Term?|last=Herrero|first=Ana Vanessa|date=10 January 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Specia|first2=Megan|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111012015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|title=Peru, Paraguay recall diplomats over Maduro inauguration {{!}} Venezuela News|website=Aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110232447/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|title=Venezuela's Maduro begins second term|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110231014/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".{{Efn|Sources directly claiming that the National Assembly is the "only democratically elected" or "only legitimate" political body in Venezuela include: ''[[Financial Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/839b90f8-15d4-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule|last=Long|first=Gideon|date=13 January 2019|website=[[Financial Times]]|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 January 2019|quote=... the National Assembly is the only democratically elected institution left in the country ...}}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/spain-germany-france-give-venezuelas-maduro-eight-days-call|title=US demands world stands with 'forces of freedom' in Venezuela|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> the [[BBC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47009301|title=Venezuela crisis: Guaido rejects talks with Maduro|website=BBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|title=Russia, China block US push for UN to back Venezuela's Juan Guaidó|website=Economic Times|accessdate=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120043/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[CTV Television Network|CTV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/freeland-says-venezuela-s-maduro-regime-is-now-fully-entrenched-as-a-dictatorship-1.4248589|title=Freeland says Venezuela's Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship|website=CTV|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[Business Times (China)|Business Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/107088/20190129/russia-china-greece-supports-maduro-regime.htm|title=Russia, China, Greece supports Maduro regime|website=Business Times|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Reuters]] agency,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/reuters-us-pushes-un-security-council-to-back-venezuelas-guaido.html|title=Reuters: US pushes UN Security Council to back Venezuela's Guaidó|website=Kyiv Post|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-ndp-liberals-venezuela-1.4991913|title=Singh calls on Trudeau to part ways with US, Brazil on Venezuela crisis|website=CBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> etc.}}
=== Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi ===
Antara pemilihan presiden Mei 2018 dan pelantikan Maduro, ada seruan untuk mendirikan pemerintahan transisi.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article219161250.html|title=¿Dónde está el gobierno de transición en Venezuela?|last=Corao|first=Manuel|date=28 September 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article222393325.html|title=Primera meta de gobierno de transición en Venezuela: la estabilidad|last=Ortiz|first=Alexis|date=30 November 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/es/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/71-friendly-fire-venezuelas-opposition-turmoil|title=Fuego amigo: el caos de la oposición venezolana|last=|first=|date=23 November 2018|website=[[International Crisis Group]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref> CEO ''[[Venezuela Al Día]]'', Manuel Corao, berpendapat bahwa Maduro bukan lagi presiden dan bahwa "sebagian besar rakyat di Venezuela terwakili dalam Majelis Nasional [dan ingin] menunjuk pemerintahan transisi yang mengisi kekosongan kekuasaan dan membebaskan Venezuela dari kejahatan Komunis".<ref name=":12" /> Mantan legislator Venezuela Alexis Ortiz menyatakan bahwa "Paham Castrochavism [...] membusuk dalam ketidakmampuan, korupsi, dan penyerahan kedaulatan nasional", menyerukan pemerintah transisi untuk bekerja pada rekonsiliasi, mengadakan pemilihan umum, menerima bantuan kemanusiaan dan melindungi kebebasan sipil, di antara beberapa permintaan lainnya.
Sebuah laporan pada November 2018 oleh [[ICG|International Crisis Group]] mengatakan bahwa "negara-negara tetangga dan kekuatan asing lainnya telah mengambil berbagai langkah - termasuk sanksi, untuk mencapai negosiasi transisi, yang merupakan jalan keluar terbaik dari krisis" <ref name=":16"
=== Pembenaran tantangan ===
Koalisi Oposisi Venezuela mendasarkan tindakannya pada Konstitusi Venezuela 1999, khususnya Pasal 233 yang menetapkan bahwa "pemimpin Majelis Nasional akan memegang jabatan presiden jika tidak ada presiden yang sah", yang mereka nyatakan setelah pemilihan presiden Venezuela 2018.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/01/15/maduro-is-usurper-its-time-restore-democracy-venezuela/|title=Maduro is a usurper. It’s time to restore democracy in Venezuela.|last=[[Juan Guaidó|Guaidó]]|first=[[Juan Guaidó|Juan]]|date=15 January 2019|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> Pasal 333 menyerukan warga negara untuk memulihkan dan menegakkan konstitusi jika tidak diikuti. Mereka berpendapat bahwa baik komunitas nasional dan internasional harus bersatu di bawah pemerintahan transisi yang akan menjamin bantuan kemanusiaan, membawa pemulihan [[Rule of law|aturan hukum]] Venezuela, dan akan mengadakan pemilihan demokratis.
=== Strategi oposisi ===
Baris 83 ⟶ 84:
[[Berkas:Nicolás Maduro 2019 Inauguration.jpg|ka|jmpl|Presiden Maduro saat pelantikan keduanya pada 10 Januari 2019.]]
Tanda krisis yang pertama muncul pada saat Hakim Agung dan Hakim Pemilu yang dekat dengan Maduro pindah menetap di [[Amerika Serikat]] hanya beberapa hari sebelum [[pelantikan kedua Nicolás Maduro]], pada 10 Januari 2019. Hakim Pengadilan, Christian Zerpa, mengatakan bahwa pelantikan [[Nicolás Maduro]] tersebut "tidak berkompeten" dan "tidak sah".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46782539|title=Christian Zerpa, el juez afín a Maduro que huyó a Estados Unidos y denuncia falta de independencia del poder judicial de Venezuela|last=Redacción|date=7 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107185734/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46782539|archive-date=7 January 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> Beberapa menit setelah Maduro mengambil sumpah sebagai presiden [[Venezuela]], [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]] menyetujui sebuah resolusi dalam sesi khusus Dewan Permanennya yang menyatakan bahwa kepresidenan Maduro tidak sah dan mendesak pemilihan baru.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/01/10/en-vivo-la-oea-debate-en-sesion-extraordinaria-la-asuncion-de-nicolas-maduro/|title=La OEA aprobó la resolución que declara ilegítimo al nuevo gobierno de Nicolás Maduro|date=10 January 2019|work=Infobae|language=es|trans-title=The OAS approved the resolution that declared the new government of Nicolás Maduro illegitimate}}</ref> Pemilihan Maduro tersebut didukung oleh [[Turki]], [[Rusia]], [[Tiongkok]], dan Aliansi Bolivarian untuk Rakyat Kita ([[ALBA]]);<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/articulos/politica-democracia/gobierno-y-democracia/19313-maduro-asumio-pese-a-eeuu-la-oea-la-ue-y-las-amenazas-de-la-oposicion|title=Maduro asumió pese a EEUU, la OEA, la UE y las amenazas de la oposición|website=Portalalba.org|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195249/http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/articulos/politica-democracia/gobierno-y-democracia/19313-maduro-asumio-pese-a-eeuu-la-oea-la-ue-y-las-amenazas-de-la-oposicion|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/venezuela-congress-leader-challenges-maduro-presidency-190111181122362.html|title=Venezuela Congress leader challenges Maduro's right to presidency - News|website=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=13 January 2019}}</ref> negara kecil [[Karibia]] lainnya yang bergantung pada bantuan ekonomi dari pemerintah Maduro (seperti [[Dominika]], [[Saint Kitts dan Nevis]], serta [[Trinidad dan Tobago]]) turut menghadiri pelantikannya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/29/680882589/as-maduro-makes-enemies-venezuelas-caribbean-allies-remain-in-his-camp|title=As Maduro Makes Enemies, Venezuela's Caribbean Allies Remain In His Camp|website=[[NPR]]|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>
=== Keputusan publik ===
Baris 90 ⟶ 91:
== Pengakuan ==
[[Berkas:
▲[[Berkas:Venezuela_president_recognition_map_2019.svg|pus|jmpl|700px|
Negara yang mengakui kekuasaan presidensial
<br/>'''Hitam''': [[Venezuela]]
Baris 104:
==== Negara-negara PBB ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
# {{flag|Belarus}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-in-venezuela-118231-2019/|title=Lukashenko calls for peaceful settlement in Venezuela|date=28 January 2019|website=Belarus Telegraphic Agency|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.belapan.by/archive/2019/01/29/en_990356_990357/|title=Lukashenka backs Maduro after hesitation|date=29 January 2019|website=
# {{flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-bolivia/bolivias-morales-reaffirms-backing-for-venezuelas-maduro-idUSKCN1PH2NP |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 January 2019 |quote=Bolivia’s leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.}}</ref>
# {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PM warns against foreign interference |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/572885/pm-warns-against-foreign-interference/ |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[Khmer Times]] |date=27 January 2019}}</ref>
Baris 110:
# {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/>
# {{flag|Dominica}}<ref name=OAS0124>{{cite web |title=Special Meeting of the Permanent Council Thursday January 24, 2019 |url=http://www.oas.org/en/media_center/webcast_schedule.asp |website=[[Organization of American States]] |accessdate=24 January 2019 |date=24 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|El Salvador}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmundo.sv/el-salvador-defendio-a-maduro-ante-la-oea/|title=El Salvador defendió a Maduro ante la OEA
# {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pdge-guineaecuatorial.com/manifiesto-de-solidaridad-con-el-partido-socialista-unido-de-venezuela-y-su-gobierno-legitimo/|title=Manifesto of Solidarity with United Socialist Party of Venezuela|website=PDGE Guinea Ecuatorial|accessdate=28 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Iran}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/>
Baris 132:
* {{flag|Abkhazia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Internacional/2019/01/10/933848/Quienes-fueron-los-particulares-invitados-en-la-cuestionada-toma-de-poder-de-Nicolas-Maduro.html|title=Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos "países" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown "countries" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela|website=Emol|language=Spanish|date=10 January 2019}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901140151.html|title=Western Sahara: Sahrawi Delegation Participates in Inauguration of Venezuelan President|date=12 January 2019|work=AllAfrica|access-date=}}</ref>
* {{flag|South Ossetia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|title=Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia, the unknown country without recognition that supports Venezuela|date=10 January 2019|publisher=''La Nación'' (Argentina)|language=Spanish|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110191525/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
}}
==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Berkas:Emblem of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.svg|25px]] [[ALBA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|title=ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro|date=25 January 2019|publisher=[[ALBA]]|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102353/http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of SADC.svg}} [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Solidarity Statement With The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Issued By The SADC Chairperson, His Excellency Dr. Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia |url=https://www.sadc.int/news-events/news/solidarity-statement-bolivarian-republic-venezuela-issued-sadc-chairperson-his-excellency-dr-hage-g-geingob-president-republic-n/ |website=[[Southern African Development Community]] |accessdate=11 February 2019 |date=10 February 2019}}</ref>
}}
Baris 146:
}}
==== Organisasi dalam negeri ====
* [[Berkas:PDV S.A. logo.svg|25px]] [[PDVSA]]<ref name="PDVSA Maduro">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/reuters-america-guaido-vs-maduro-who-backs-venezuelas-two-presidents.html |title=Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela’s two presidents? |quote=State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela’s export earnings, stood by Maduro. “We have no other president” besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer. |website=cnbc.com |date=24 January 2019 |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=2019-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205654/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/reuters-america-guaido-vs-maduro-who-backs-venezuelas-two-presidents.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
==== Kelompok militer ====
Baris 181:
# {{flag|France}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1092359993741983745|title=Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s’exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme " président en charge " pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l’UE, dans cette période de transition.|first=Emmanuel|last=Macron|language=French|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
# {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/mamuka-bakhtadze-georgia-recognizes-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-and-supports-the-courageous-people-of-venezuela-in-their-fight-for-democracy/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=1TV |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BakhtadzeMamuka/status/1088388084360712193|title=🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy.|first=Mamuka|last=Bakhtadze|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=24 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=NY Times |date=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204175941/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RegSprecher/status/1092381309715009537|title=Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet.|first=Steffen|last=Seibert|language=German|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
# {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name=Poland>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092474853297438720|title=Joint declaration on #Venezuela|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|title=Hungary supports the Spanish People’s Party’s position with relation to Venezuela|website=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=31 January 2019|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811184157/https://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
# {{flag|Iceland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GudlaugurThor/status/1092497534415704065|title=Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected.|first=Guðlaugur|last=Þór|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Ireland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dfatirl/status/1093137213381054464|title=Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at..|author=Irish Foreign Ministry|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-israel/israel-recognizes-guaido-as-leader-of-venezuela-idUSKCN1PL0I8 |access-date=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2019 |quote='Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IsraeliPM/status/1089536952532115457|title=Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela.|author=PM of Israel|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=27 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Italy}}<ref>{{cite news |url=
# {{flag|Latvia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/edgarsrinkevics/status/1092356623585157120|title=Latvia recognises and supports Mr. Juan Guaidó, President of the democratically elected National Assembly, as President ad interim of #Venezuela. We call for free, fair and democratic presidential elections @jguaido|first=Edgars|last=Rinkēvičs|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
# {{flag|Lithuania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LinkeviciusL/status/1092363337864757248|title=#Lithuania joins other #EU MS in supporting & acknowledging @jguaido, President of @AsambleaVE, as VZ President ad interim. We expect free & democratic elections, strongly support ICG, initiated by EU. Democracy & rule of law in #Venezuela must be restored, human rights protected|first=Linas|last=Linkevicius|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
Baris 195:
# {{flag|Malta}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2019/February/05/pr190220.aspx|title=Statement by the Government of Malta|author=Government of Malta|date=5 February 2019|publisher=Government of Malta|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Marshall Islands}}<ref name="RNZ">{{cite web |title=Marshall Islands recognises Venezuela's Juan Guaido |url=https://amp.rnz.co.nz/article/a96ad67c-717a-4f4b-8e7d-276f7f2e5ab6 |website=RNZ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Montenegro}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|title=Montenegro supports the position of European partners on the need for holding free and democratic elections in Venezuela|date=6 February 2019|publisher=MVP(Ministry of Foreign Affairs)|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020512/http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
# {{flag|Morocco}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1155036/venezuela-le-maroc-apporte-son-soutien-au-president-autoproclame-juan-guaido.html|title=Venezuela : Le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido|language=French|website=L'Orient le jour|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Netherlands}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ministerBlok/status/1092372480763838465|title=The eight-day period to call for free democratic and transparent elections in Venezuela expired today. The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes @jguaido as interim-President of Venezuela. We want freedom and democracy to return to Venezuela asap.|first=Stef|last=Blok|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
Baris 208:
# {{flag|Spain}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sanchezcastejon/status/1092349110617849856|title=Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela|first=Pedro|last=Sanchez|language=Spanish|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Sweden}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/margotwallstrom/status/1092425826488983552|title=Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country’s constitution, free and fair elections should now be called.|first=Margot|last=Wallstroem|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Відповідь Речниці МЗС України Катерини Зеленко для ЗМІ щодо політичної кризи у Венесуелі |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |accessdate=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072227/https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MFA: Ukraine backs Venezuelan opposition leader |url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10433733-mfa-ukraine-backs-venezuelan-opposition-leader.html |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=www.unian.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/wall-street-journal-juan-guaido-recognized-as-venezuelas-president-by-major-eu-countries.html
|title=Wall Street Journal: Juan Guaidó recognized as Venezuela’s president by major EU countries |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Wall Street Journal |via=[[Kyiv Post]] |accessdate=4 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Jeremy_Hunt/status/1092349500688158720|title=Nicolas Maduro has not called Presidential elections within 8 day limit we have set. So UK alongside European allies now recognises @jguaido as interim constitutional president until credible elections can be held. Let’s hope this takes us closer to ending humanitarian crisis|first=Jeremy|last=Hunt|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
Baris 214:
}}|colwidth=20em}}
==== Negara-negara non-PBB ====
* {{Flag|Kosovo}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/kosovo-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-as-president-174803/|title=Kosovo recognises Venezuela opposition leader as president|website=www.gazetaexpress.com|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203315/https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/kosovo-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-as-president-174803/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ====
Baris 225:
==== Domestik/dalam negeri ====
* Komite Kreditor Venezuela <ref name="ab">{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/comite-de-acreedores-de-venezuela-asegura-que-no-negociara-con-el-regimen-actual/|title=Comité de Acreedores de Venezuela asegura que no negociará con el "régimen actual"|website=Efecto Cocuyo|language=es|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415064415/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/comite-de-acreedores-de-venezuela-asegura-que-no-negociara-con-el-regimen-actual/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Konferensi Episkopal Venezuela <ref name="LPcev">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/15/monsenor-ovidio-perez-morales-la-iglesia-venezolana-declara-ilegitimo-al-regimen-comunista-y-respalda-a-la-an/|title=Monseñor Ovidio Pérez Morales: La Iglesia venezolana declara ilegítimo al régimen comunista y respalda a la AN|date=15 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>
* Fedecámaras <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/fedecamaras-no-puede-convalidar-un-gobierno-cuestionado-por-su-legitimidad-de-origen/|title=Fedecámaras no puede convalidar un "gobierno cuestionado por su legitimidad de origen"|website=EC|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415064257/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/fedecamaras-no-puede-convalidar-un-gobierno-cuestionado-por-su-legitimidad-de-origen/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Front Militer Institusional <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/13/frente-institucional-de-militares-retirados-anuncia-su-apoyo-irrestricto-a-juan-guaido-comunicado/|title=Frente Institucional de militares retirados anuncia su apoyo irrestricto a Juan Guaidó (Comunicado)|date=13 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>
* Front Pembebasan Venezuela <ref name="favl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.analitica.com/actualidad/actualidad-nacional/juan-guaido-y-favl-afinan-agenda-unica-para-movilizacion-del-23ene/|title=Juan Guaidó y FAVL afinan agenda única para movilización del 23Ene|date=12 January 2019|website=Analitica|language=Spanish|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>
* Federasi Pekerja Venezuela <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_juan-guaido-me-apego-a-los-articulos-333-350-y-233|title=Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502221500/http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_juan-guaido-me-apego-a-los-articulos-333-350-y-233|archive-date=2019-05-02|dead-url=yes|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref>
=== Mendukung Majelis Nasional ===
Baris 239:
# {{flag|Guyana}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/01/25/concerned-guyana-government-urges-dialogue-as-venezuelas-woes-worsen/|title=Concerned Guyana government urges dialogue as Venezuela’s woes worsen|date=25 January 2019|website=Kaieteur News|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Jamaica}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/>
# {{flag|Japan}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|title=Japón lamenta investidura de Maduro y Honduras también se pronuncia - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416063159/http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/japan-germany/japan-pm-abe-wants-stable-democratic-prompt-solution-to-venezuela-situation-idUKL3N1ZZ2IY|title=Japan PM Abe: wants stable, democratic, prompt solution to Venezuela situation|first=Elaine|last=Lies|publisher=Reuters|date=4 February 2019|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Saint Lucia}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/>
# {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name="POLITICO"/>
Baris 255:
==== Negara-negara PBB ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
# {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105005145/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
# {{flag|Armenia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2019/01/24/armenia-venezuela/1516973|title=Armenia follows developments in Venezuela, hopes for peaceful solution: MFA spokesperson|website=Aysor}}</ref>
# {{flag|Barbados}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Writer |first1=Staff |date=29 January 2019 |year= |title=CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2019/01/28/caricom-optimistic-of-peaceful-solution-to-venezuelan-crisis/ |dead-url= |publisher=Barbados Today Newspaper |publication-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=4 February 2019 |quote=St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.}}</ref>
# {{flag|Belize}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2019/01/20/prime-minister-barrow-speaks-out-against-foreign-intervention-in-nicaragua-and-venezuela/|title=Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela|date=20 January 2019|publisher=Breaking Belize News}}</ref>
# {{flag|Grenada}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107113309/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
# {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-refuses-to-join-efforts-to-recognise-self-declared-president-of-venezuela/articleshow/67685085.cms|title=India refuses to join efforts to recognise self-declared president of Venezuela|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan|date=25 January 2019|website=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/india-calls-for-dialogue-in-venezuela/1374805|title=India calls for dialogue in Venezuela|date=25 January 2019|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesia calls for restraint in Venezuela |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/26/indonesia-calls-for-restraint-in-venezuela.html |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=26 January 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africatimes.com/2019/01/27/un-security-councils-african-members-support-venezuelas-maduro/|title=UN Security Council’s African members support Venezuela’s Maduro|date=27 January 2019|website=Africa Times}}</ref>
# {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2773857|title=Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela|date=27 January 2019|website=Kuwait News Agency|access-date=}}</ref>
# {{flag|Mexico}}<ref name="The Straits Times">{{cite web |title=Maduro v Guaido: Who is backing whom amid crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/americas/maduro-vs-guaido-who-is-backing-whom-amid-crisis-in-venezuela |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |
# {{flag|Nepal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/11789-2/ |publisher=Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor Ainge |title=Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/29/venezuela-crisis-new-zealand-guaido-interim-president?CMP=twt_gu |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
Baris 290:
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 999 warga Venezuela oleh Hercon antara 25 dan 30 Januari menunjukkan bahwa 81,9% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden, 13,4% menanggapi dengan menyatakan Maduro adalah presiden dan 4,6% tidak memutuskan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/31/819-de-venezolanos-reconoce-a-juan-guaido-como-primer-mandatario/|title=81,9 % de venezolanos reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela (Encuesta Hercón)|last=|first=|date=2019-01-31|website=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref>
Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional {{Ill|Oscar Schemel|es}} yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,<ref name="reuters"
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