Partai Buruh Antigua dan Barbuda: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Orphan|date=Februari 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Partai Buruh Antigua dan Barbuda
Baris 21 ⟶ 22:
== Kekalahan 2004 ==
Dua peristiwa besar memicu kekalahan pertama ABLP dalam 28 tahun pada [[Pemilihan umum Antigua 2004|pemilu 2004]]. Yang pertama adalah pengenalan Komisi Pemilihan Umum setelah [[Pemilihan umum Antigua 1999|Pemilu 1999]]. Menurut pengamat internasional, pemilu 1999 sarat dengan kejanggalan. Terutama, laporan dari kelompok pengamat Persemakmuran menyimpulkan bahwa "daftar pemilih tampaknya digelembungkan" dan merekomendasikan "pembentukan komisi pemilu independen untuk meningkatkan proses pendaftaran pemilih".<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/370.htm "US State Department Human Rights Report"], 23 February 2000</ref> Yang kedua adalah Skandal Tunjangan Kesehatan. Di bawah pengawasan Pemerintah ALP, pemerintah Antigua dan Barbuda gagal menyumbang EC$120 juta untuk menutupi biaya pengobatan penerima.<ref>[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/caribbean/fraud.htm "Fraud"]. ''Miami Herald'', 4 April 2002</ref>
Oposisi [[Partai Progresif Bersatu (Antigua dan Barbuda)|Partai Progresif Bersatu]] berkampanye dengan platform antikorupsi yang mereka sebut "Pemerintah di Bawah Sinar Matahari". Setelah 28 tahun berkuasa, ABLP secara luas dianggap korup dan bahwa korupsi bersama dengan pembentukan pemilu yang bebas dan adil di Antigua dan Barbuda menyebabkan kekalahan mereka.
ABLP kehilangan mayoritasnya dalam pemilihan umum yang diadakan pada tanggal 24 Maret 2004. ABLP memperoleh 41,8% suara terbanyak, tetapi hanya empat dari 17 kursi. Perdana Menteri ABLP dan pemimpin politik Lester Bird juga dikalahkan di daerah pemilihannya.
== Krisis kepemimpinan ==
Pada awal 2009, Partai Buruh Antigua dan Barbuda menghadapi krisis kepemimpinan internal. Lester Bird yang sudah tua mengumumkan bahwa jika ABLP gagal memenangkan pemilihan umum 2009 mendatang, dia akan mundur.<ref>[http://www.antiguasun.com/paper/?as=view&sun=281935077507132005&an=184634087212302008&ac=Local "Bird to call it quits if ABLP fails at polls"], ''Antigua Sun'', 30 December 2008</ref> Ada spekulasi bahwa meskipun ABLP memenangkan pemilu 2009, kepemimpinan Bird akan ditantang.<ref>[http://dagarat.blogspot.com/2009/01/whos-leader.html "Who's the Leader"] Da Garat, 11 January 2009{{unreliable source?|date=June 2014}}</ref> Namun demikian, Bird tetap menjadi pemimpin ABLP<ref>{{cite news|title=Bird said he is ready for court challenge to electoral law|url=http://www.antiguaobserver.com/?p=68829|accessdate=31 December 2011|newspaper=Antigua Observer|date=19 December 2011}}</ref> hingga 2012, ketika dia dikalahkan oleh Gaston Browne dalam tantangan kepemimpinan.
== Pemilu 2014 dan kembali berkuasa ==
Partai Buruh Antigua dan Barbuda memenangkan 14 dari 17 kursi di Badan Legislatif dalam pemilihan umum 2014, sehingga membentuk pemerintahan mayoritas dengan Browne sebagai Perdana Menteri. Mereka memenangkan 15 kursi dalam pemilihan umum 2018 dan dengan demikian mempertahankan kekuasaan. Pada 2023, partai kembali memenangkan parlemen dengan memperoleh 9 kursi.
== Hasil pemilu ==
=== Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat ===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Pemilihan
! Pemimpin partai
! Suara
! %
! Kursi
! +/–
! Posisi
! Pemerintah
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1951|1951]]
| rowspan="9" | [[Vere Bird]]
| 4,182
| 87.4
| {{Composition bar|8|8|hex=#EE3422}}
| Baru
| 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1956|1956]]
| 5,509
| 86.7
| {{Composition bar|8|8|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{steady}} 0
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1960|1960]]
| 2,128
| 85.0
| {{Composition bar|10|10|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 2
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1965|1965]]
| 7,275
| 78.9
| {{Composition bar|10|10|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{steady}} 0
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1971|1971]]
| 6,409
| 37.9
| {{Composition bar|4|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{decrease}} 6
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1976|1976]]
| 12,056
| 49.0
| {{Composition bar|11|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 7
| {{increase}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1980|1980]]
| 12,794
| 58.0
| {{Composition bar|13|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 2
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1984|1984]]
| 12,972
| 67.9
| {{Composition bar|16|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 3
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1989|1989]]
| 14,207
| 63.9
| {{Composition bar|15|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1994|1994]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Lester Bird]]
| 14,763
| 54.4
| {{Composition bar|11|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 1999|1999]]
| 17,521
| 52.6
| {{Composition bar|12|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 1
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 2004|2004]]
| 16,534
| 41.9
| {{Composition bar|4|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{decrease}} 8
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 2009|2009]]
| 19,657
| 46.9
| {{Composition bar|7|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 3
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 2014|2014]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Gaston Browne]]
| 24,212
| 56.5
| {{Composition bar|14|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 7
| {{increase}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! [[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 2018|2018]]
| 23,063
| 59.24
| {{Composition bar|15|17|hex=#EE3422}}
| {{increase}} 1
| {{steady}} 1
| {{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
![[Pemilihan umum Antigua dan Barbuda 2023|2023]]
|20,052
|47.1
|{{Composition bar|9|17|hex=#EE3422}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|{{steady}} 1
|{{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|}
=== Dewan Barbuda ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Pemilihan
! rowspan="2" |Pemimpin
! colspan="3" |Suara
! colspan="2" |Kursi
! rowspan="2" |Posisi
! rowspan="2" |Pemerintah
|-
!No.
!%
!±
!No.
!±
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1976
| rowspan="9" |[[Vere Bird]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1979<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE BARBUDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT CHAPTER 44 |url=http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |access-date=2022-01-24 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230904/http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|
|
|<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Pat|date=2012-08-19|title=ALP candidates announced for March 2013 Council election|url=https://barbudaful.net/alp-candidates-announced-for-march-2013-council-election/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB|quote=The Barbuda Council has been controlled by the BPM since the first election was held around 35 years ago. The ALP gained control for a brief period in 1996.}}</ref>
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1985
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1987
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1989
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1991/1992
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1993/1994
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1996<ref name=":5" />
| rowspan="9" |[[Lester Bird]]
|
|
|
|<ref name=":5" />
|
|{{increase}}1
|{{Yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1997
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!1999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2005
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2005-03-23|title=Barbuda Council Election Day|url=https://barbudaful.net/barbuda-council-election-day/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2007
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2007-03-01|title=Barbuda Council elections|url=https://barbudaful.net/barbuda-council-elections/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2007-03-23|title=Barbudan Council Election Results|url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudan-council-election-results/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|
|2
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2009
|
|
|
|<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2013-01-08|title=Result of the BPM Primaries|url=https://barbudaful.net/result-of-the-bpm-primaries/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Caribbean Elections {{!}} Members of the Senate of Antigua and Barbuda 2009 – 2014|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parliament/ag_parliament/ag_senate_2009.asp|access-date=2022-01-01|website=www.caribbeanelections.com|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101233151/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parliament/ag_parliament/ag_senate_2009.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|
|
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2011
|1,680<ref name=":1" />
|48.81
|
|<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2011-04-04|title=Barbuda Council Election Results|url=https://barbudaful.net/barbuda-council-election-results/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|
|2
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2013
| rowspan="5" |[[Gaston Browne]]
|2,295<ref name=":2" />
|53.51
|
|{{Composition bar|6|11|hex=#EE3422}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=pj67admin|date=2013-02-18|title=The Results|url=https://barbudaful.net/2013-barbuda-council-election-results/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|
|{{increase}}1
|{{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2015
|
|
|
|{{Composition bar|8|11|hex=#EE3422}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-25|title=BPM are back – two more seats in Council|url=https://barbudaful.net/bpm-are-back-two-more-seats-in-council/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|{{Increase}}2
|{{steady}}1
|{{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! style="background-color:#EE3422" |
!2017
|2,791<ref>{{Cite web|last=barbudaful|date=2017-03-30|title=BPM bring back Council|url=https://barbudaful.net/bpm-bring-back-council/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|48.34
|
|{{Composition bar|6|11|hex=#EE3422}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-29|title=It's done … time to move on|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/its-done-time-to-move-on/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|{{decrease}}2
|{{steady}}1
|{{yes2|Mayoritas}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
!2019
|
|
|
|{{Composition bar|2|11|hex=#EE3422}}
|{{decrease}}4
|{{decrease}}2
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|-
! style="background-color: #EE3422" |
![[Pemilihan Dewan Barbuda 2021|2021]]
|1,319<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 March 2021|title=Clean Sweep for BPM|url=https://barbudaful.net/clean-sweep-for-bpm/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=barbudaful|date=2021-03-18|title=Council elections March 29th 2021|url=https://barbudaful.net/nomination-day-for-council-elections-on-march-29th/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Barbudaful|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Barbuda Council Elections 2021 Results|url=http://www.abec.gov.ag/election-cycle/election_results/Barbuda_Council_Elections/2021_council_elections.php|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-04|website=www.abec.gov.ag|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104034456/http://www.abec.gov.ag/election-cycle/election_results/Barbuda_Council_Elections/2021_council_elections.php |archive-date=4 January 2022 }}</ref>
|36.19
|
|{{Composition bar|2|11|hex=#EE3422}}
|{{steady}}2
|{{steady}}2
|{{no2|[[Gerakan Rakyat Barbuda|BPM]]}}
|}
== Referensi ==
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