Perjanjian UKUSA: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{UKUSA}}
'''''United Kingdom–United States of America Agreement''''' ('''UKUSA''', {{IPAc-en|juː|k|uː|ˈ|s|ɑː}} {{respell|yu-ku|SA|'}}),<ref>{{cite press release|title=Declassified UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Documents Available|url=http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/press_room/2010/ukusa.shtml|publisher=[[National Security Agency]]|date=24 June 2010|accessdate=25 June 2010}} {{
Berawal dari kesepakatan informal terkait dengan [[Piagam Atlantik]] 1941, [[perjanjian rahasia]] ini diperbarui lagi melalui pengesahan [[Perjanjian BRUSA 1943]] sebelum diberlakukan secara resmi pada tanggal 5 Maret 1946 oleh Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, perjanjian ini diperluas untuk mencakup tiga [[jajahan Persemakmuran]] Kanada, Australia, dan Selandia Baru. Negara-negara lain ("pihak ketiga") seperti [[Jerman Barat]], [[Filipina]], dan beberapa negara Skandinavia juga bergabung dengan komunitas UKUSA.<ref name="Guardian 2010"/>
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Karena tergolong perjanjian rahasia, keberadaannya tidak diketahui oleh [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] sampai tahun 1973,<ref>{{cite web|last=Jordan Chittley and Kevin Newman|title=Canada's role in secret intelligence alliance Five Eyes|url=http://knlive.ctvnews.ca/mobile/the-knlive-hub/canada-s-role-in-secret-intelligence-alliance-five-eyes-1.1489170|publisher=[[CTV News]]|accessdate=20 October 2013}}</ref> dan baru diungkapkan ke publik tahun 2005.<ref name="timecoldwar"/> Pada 25 Juni 2010, untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah, teks lengkap perjanjian ini dirilis ke publik oleh [[The National Archives (Britania Raya)|Arsip Nasional Britania Raya]] dan bisa diakses [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukusa/ di Internet].<ref name="Guardian 2010">{{cite news|last=Norton-Taylor|first=Richard|title=Not so secret: deal at the heart of UK-US intelligence|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/25/intelligence-deal-uk-us-released|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 June 2010|accessdate=25 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Newly released GCHQ files: UKUSA Agreement|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukusa/|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|date=June 2010|quote=The files contain details of the recently avowed UKUSA Agreement – the top secret, post-war arrangement for sharing intelligence between the United States and the UK. Signed by representatives of the London Signals Intelligence Board and its American counterpart in March 1946, the UKUSA Agreement is without parallel in the Western intelligence world and formed the basis for co-operation between the two countries throughout the Cold War.}}</ref> Sesaat setelah dirilis, Perjanjian UKUSA sepanjang tujuh halaman ini diakui oleh majalah ''[[Time (majalah)|Time]]'' sebagai salah satu dokumen terpenting era [[Perang Dingin]] karena memiliki dampak sejarah yang besar.<ref name="timecoldwar">{{cite web|last=Adam White|title=How a Secret Spy Pact Helped Win the Cold War|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2000262,00.html|publisher=''[[Time (majalah)|Time]]''|date=29 June 2010}}</ref>
Saat ini, [[pengungkapan pengintaian massal 2013]] oleh [[Edward Snowden]] menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pembagian informasi intelijen antara sekutu-sekutu [[Dunia Pertama]] era Perang Dingin telah merambah ranah digital [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{cite web|last=MELISSA EDDY|title=For Western Allies, a Long History of Swapping Intelligence|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/world/europe/for-western-allies-a-long-history-of-swapping-intelligence.html|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|accessdate=20 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nathan Smith|title=The world of signals intelligence and GCSB in context|url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/world-signals-intelligence-and-gcsb-context-ns-129503|publisher=''[[National Business Review]]''|accessdate=20 October 2013|quote=A partnership with various telecommunications industries has secured access to the internet for the UKUSA signals agencies. All traffic on the internet and via emails is reportedly captured and stored.|archive-date=2013-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703122837/http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/world-signals-intelligence-and-gcsb-context-ns-129503|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander Abdo and Patrick Toomey|title=The NSA is turning the internet into a total surveillance system|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/nsa-internet-surveillance-email|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|accessdate=20 October 2013}}</ref>
== Tentang ==
Baris 103:
[[Kategori:Hubungan Australia dengan Britania Raya]]
[[Kategori:Hubungan Australia dengan Kanada]]
[[Kategori:Hubungan
[[Kategori:Hubungan Britania
[[Kategori:Hubungan Britania
[[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Serikat–Britania Raya]]
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