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'''Bahan peledak''' adalah [[material]] yang tidak stabil secara [[kimia]] atau [[energi]]kal, atau dapat menghasilkan pengembangan mendadak dari bahan tersebut
Bahan peledak digunakan dalam militer dan sipil terutama pertambangan komersial.
== Peledak kontak ==
Peledak kontak adalah bahan kimia yang meledak dengan hebat ketika terkena energi yang relatif kecil (gesekan, tekanan, suara, cahaya). Peledak kontak digunakan pada militer, pengobatan dan pertunjukan kembang api.
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh :
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Senyawa
!Sensitifitas
!Sensitif pada
!Jenis ledakan
|-
|[[Acetone peroxide]]
|Tinggi
|Panas, nyala, goncangan, gesekan
|[[entropis explosion|entropis]]
|-
|[[Chlorine azide]]<ref>Frierson, W. Joe, J. Kronrad, and A. W. Browne. "Chlorine Azide, CIN<sub>3</sub>. I1." - Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS Publications). N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.</ref>
|Ekstrim
|gesekan, goncangan, bahan kimia
|Energi, entropis
|-
|[[Copper(II) azide]]
|Ekstrim
|goncangan, statis
|Energi
|-
|[[Fulminate|Fulminates]]
|Sangat Tinggi
|gesekan, statis, panas, nyala, goncangan
|Energi
|-
|[[Lead(II) azide]]
|Sangat Tinggi
|goncangan, statis
|Energi
|-
|[[Nitrogen triiodide]]
|Ekstrim <ref name="triiodide">TheRoyalInstitution. "Slow Motion Contact Explosive - Nitrogen Triiodide." YouTube. YouTube, 27 Aug. 2015. Web. 09 Oct. 2016.</ref>
|goncangan, radiasi alfa
|Energi, entropis
|-
|[[Nitroglycerin]]
|Sangat Tinggi
|goncangan, gesekan
|Energi, entropis
|-
|[[Picric acid]] (dry)
|Tinggi
|goncangan, gesekan
|Energi
|-
|[[Tetrasulfur tetranitride]]
|Moderat
|goncangan, gesekan
|Energi, entropis
|-
|[[Flash powder]] like [[Armstrong's mixture]]
|Tinggi
|statis, nyala, gesekan
|Energi, cahaya
|-
|[[Silver nitride]]
|Ekstrim
|goncangan
|Energi
|}
===Ketidakstabilan peledak kontak===
Bahan peledak yang berbasis nitrogen sangat mudah menguap karena stabilitas nitrogen dalam keadaan diatomiknya, N<sup>2</sup>. Sebagian besar bahan peledak organik bersifat eksplosif karena mengandung nitrogen. Mereka didefinisikan sebagai senyawa nitro. Senyawa nitro bersifat eksplosif karena meskipun bentuk diatomik nitrogen sangat stabil, senyawa nitro itu sendiri tidak stabil, karena ikatan antara atom nitrogen dan atom lain dalam senyawa nitro lemah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sedikit energi untuk mengatasi ikatan lemah ini, tetapi banyak energi dilepaskan dalam proses eksotermik yang menghasilkan kualitas eksplosif dari senyawa ini.
Beberapa bahan peledak kontak mengandung oksidator dan bahan bakar dalam komposisinya. Bahan kimia seperti bahan bakar bensin, terbakar bukannya meledak karena mereka harus bersentuhan dengan oksigen dalam reaksi pembakaran. Namun, jika senyawa tersebut sudah mengandung oksidan dan bahan bakar, ia menghasilkan reaksi yang jauh lebih cepat dan hebat.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Senyawa
!Alasan ketidakstabilan
|-
|Acetone peroxide
|Composition allows for initiation reaction
|-
|Chlorine azide
|Nitrogen
|-
|Copper(II) azide
|Nitrogen
|-
|Fulminates
|Instability of fulminate ion
|-
|Lead(II) azide
|Nitrogen
|-
|Nitrogen triiodide
|Unstable intramolecular bonds
|-
|Nitroglycerin
|Nitrogen, Oxidizer and fuel
|-
|Picric acid (dry)
|Nitrogen
|-
|Tetrasulfur tetranitride
|Nitrogen, Unstable intramolecular bonds
|-
|Flash Powder
|Oxidizer and metallic fuel
|-
|Silver nitride
|Unstable intramolecular bonds
|}
==Daftar bahan peledak==
===[[Senyawa kimia|Senyawa]]===
====[[Aasetilida]]====
* [[Copper(I) acetylide|CUA]], [[Dichloroacetylene|DCA]], [[Silver acetylide|AGA]]
====[[Fulminate]]====
* [[Fulminic Acid|HCNO]], [[Fulminating Gold|AUF]], [[Mercury(II) fulminate|HGF]], [[Platinum fulminate|PTF]], [[Potassium fulminate|KF]], [[Silver fulminate|AGF]]
====Nitro====
* '''MonoNitro:''' [[Nitroguanidine|NGA]], [[Nitroethane|NE]], [[Nitromethane|NM]], [[Nitropropane|NP]], [[Nitrostarch|NS]], [[Nitrourea|NU]]
* '''DiNitro''': [[Diazo dinitro phenol|DDNP]], [[Dinitrobenzene|DNB]], [[Dinitroethylene urea|DNEU]], [[1,5-Dinitro naphthalene|DNN]], [[Dinitrophenol|DNP]], [[Dinitrophenolate|DNPA]], [[2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine|DNPH]], [[Dinitroresorcinol|DNR]], [[Dinitropentano nitrile|DNPD]], [[Polydinitropropyl acrylate|DNPA]], [[Dinitro cerine|DNC]], [[Dipicryl sulfone|DPS]], [[Dipicrylamine|DPA]], [[Ethyl 4,4-Dinitropentanate|EDNP]], [[Potassium dinitrobenzofuroxan|KDNBF]], [[1,2-Bis 2,2-difluro 2-nitroacetoxythane|BEAF]]
* '''TriNitro:''' [[Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine|RDX]], [[Diamino trinitrobenzene|DATB]], [[Triamino trinitrobenzene|TATB]], [[Lead styphnate|PBS]], [[Lead picrate|PBP]], [[Trinitroaniline|TNAL]], [[Trinitroanisole|TNAS]], [[Trinitrobenzene|TNB]], [[Trinitrobenzoic acid|TNBA]], [[Trinitrocresol|TNC]], [[Metacresol|MC]], [[Trinitroethyl formal|TNEF]], [[2,2,2-Trinitroethyl orthocarbonate|TNOC]], [[Trinitroethylorthoformate|TNOF]], [[Trinitrophenol|TNP]], [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]], [[Trinitronaphthalene|TNN]], [[Trinitrophloro glucinol|TNPG]], [[Trinitroresorcinol|TNR]], [[Bistrinitroethyl nitramine|BTNEN]], [[Bistrinitroethyl carbonate|BTNEC]], [[Styphnic Acid|SA]], [[Ammonium picrate|API]], [[Trinitrosorcinate|TNS]]
* '''TetraNitro''': [[Tetryl]]
* '''OctaNitro:''' [[Octanitrocubane|ONC]]
====[[Nitrat]]====
* '''Mononitrates:''' [[Ammonium nitrate|AN]], [[Barium nitrate|BAN]], [[Calcium nitrate|CAN]], [[Methyl ammonium nitrate|MAN]], [[Sodium nitrate|NAN]], [[Urea nitrate|UN]]
* '''Dinitrates:''' [[Diethyleneglycol dinitrate|DEGDN]], [[Ethylenediamine dinitrate|EDDN]], [[Ethylene dinitramine|EDNA]], [[Ethylene glycol dinitrate|EGDN]], [[Hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate|HDN]], [[Triethylene glycol dinitrate|TEGDN]], [[Triazomethane|TAOM]]
* '''Trinitrates:''' [[1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate|BTTN]], [[Trimethylolethane trinitrate|TMOTN]], [[Nitroglycerin|NG]]
* '''Tetranitrates:''' [[Erythritol tetranitrate|ETN]], [[Pentaerythritol tetranitrate|PETN]], [[Tetranitratoxycarbon|TNOC]]
* '''Pentanitrates:''' [[Xylitol pentanitrate|XPN]]
* '''Hexanitrates:''' [[Cellulose hexanitrate|CHN]], [[Mannitol hexanitrate|MHN]]
====Amin====
* '''Tertiary Amines:''' [[Nitrogen tribromide|NTBR]], [[Nitrogen trichloride|NTCL]], [[Nitrogen triiodide|NTI]], [[Nitrogen trisulfide|NTS]], [[Selenium nitride|SEN]], [[Silver nitride|AGN]]
* '''Diamines:''' [[Disulfur dinitride|DSDN]]
* '''[[Azide]]s:''' [[Cyanuric triazide|CNA]], [[Cyanogen azide|CYA]], [[Chlorine azide|CLA]], [[Copper(II) azide|CUA]], [[Ethyl azide|EA]], [[Fluorine azide|FA]], [[Hydrazoic azide|HA]], [[Lead(II) azide|PBA]], [[Silver azide|AGA]], [[Sodium azide|NAA]], [[Rubidium azide|RBA]], [[Selenium triazide|SEA]], [[Silicon tetraazide|SIA]], [[Tellurium tetraazide|TEA]], [[Tetraazidomethane|TAM]], [[Titanium tetraazide|TIA]]
* '''Tetramines:''' [[Tetrazene|TZE]], [[Tetrazole|TZO]], [[Azidoazide azide|AA]]
* '''Pentamines:''' [[Pentazenium|PZ]]
* '''Octamines:''' [[Octaazacubane|OAC]], [[1,1'-Azobis-1,2,3-triazole|ATA]]
====[[Peroksida]]====
* [[Acetone peroxide|AP (TATP)]], [[Cumene hydroperoxide|CHP]], [[Diacetyl peroxide|DAP]], [[Dibenzoyl peroxide|DBP]], [[Diethyl ether peroxide|DEP]], [[Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine|HMTD]], [[Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide|MEKP]], [[Tert-butyl hydroperoxide|TBHP]]
====[[Oksida]]====
* [[Xenon oxytetrafluoride|XOTF]], [[Xenon dioxide|XDIO]], [[Xenon trioxide|XTRO]], [[Xenon tetroxide|XTEO]]
====Tidak disortir ====
* [[Alkali metal Ozonides]]
* [[Ammonium chlorate]]
* [[Ammonium perchlorate]]
* [[Ammonium permaganate]]
* [[Azidotetrazolates]]
* Azoclathrates
* [[Benzvalene]]
* [[Chlorine oxide]]s
* [[4-Dimethyl amino phenyl pentazole|DMAPP]]
* [[Fluorine perchlorate]]
* [[Fulminating gold]]
* [[Fulminating silver]] (several substances)
* [[Hexafluoroarsenate]]
* [[Hypofluorous acid]]
* [[Manganese heptoxide]]
* [[Mercury nitride]]
* [[Nitronium perchlorate]]
* [[Nitrotetrazolate-N-Oxides]]
* [[Peroxy acid]]s
* [[Peroxymonosulfuric acid]]
* [[Tetramine copper complexes]]
* [[Tetrasulfur tetranitride]]
===Campuran ===
* [[Aluminum Orphorite]], [[Amatex]], [[Amatol]], [[Ammonal]], [[Armstrong's mixture]], [[ANFO]], [[ANNMAL]], [[Astrolite]]
* [[Baranol]], [[Baratol]], [[Ballistite]], [[Butyl tetryl]]
* [[Carbonite (explosive)|Carbonite]], [[Composition A]], [[Composition B]], [[Composition C]], [[Composition 1]], [[Composition 2]], [[Composition 3]], [[Composition 4]], [[Composition 5]], [[Composition B]], [[Composition H6]], [[Cordtex]], [[Cyclotol]]
* [http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/2710026/summary.html CDP Formulations]
* [[Danubit]], [[Detasheet]], [[Detonating cord]], [[Dualin]], [[Dunnite]], [[Dynamite]]
* [[Ecrasite]], [[Ednatol]]
* [[Flash powder]]
*[[Gelignite]], [[Gunpowder]]
* [[Hexanite]], [[Hydromite 600]]
*[[Kinetite]]
*[[Minol (explosive)|Minol]]
*[[Octol]], [[Oxyliquit]]
*[[Panclastite]], [[Pentolite]], [[Picratol]], [[PNNM]], [[Pyrotol]]
* [[Schneiderite]], [[Semtex]], [[Shellite (explosive)|Shellite]]
* [[Tannerit simply]], [[Tannerite]], [[Titadine]], [[Tovex]], [[Torpex]], [[Tritonal]]
===Elemen dan isotop===
* [[Alkaline earth metal]]s
* [[Explosive antimony]]
* [[Plutonium-239]]
* [[Uranium-235]]
== Lihat pula ==
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.blasterexchange.com Blaster Exchange - Explosives Industry Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803013902/http://blasterexchange.com/ |date=2019-08-03 }}
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part12.htm Military Explosives]
* [http://globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/explosives-class.htm UN hazard classification code]
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[[Kategori:Bahan]]
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