Stop Online Piracy Act: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Komite Kehakiman Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat]] telah mengadakan rapat dengar pendapat pada tanggal [[16 November]] [[2011]] dan [[15 Desember]] [[2011]]. Komite ini menjadwalkan debat lanjutan pada Januari 2012,<ref name="postpone">{{cite news|author=Hayley Tsukayama|title=SOPA online piracy bill markup postponed|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/sopa-online-piracy-bill-markup-postponed/2011/12/20/gIQA6s7a7O_blog.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=December 20, 2011 }}</ref> tetapi pada tanggal 17 Januari, Lamar Seeligson Smith mengatakan bahwa "karena adanya penarikan dari pihak Republik dan Demokrat selama dua minggu ke depan, pembahasan Undang-Undang Penghentian Pembajakan Daring diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan pada bulan Februari."<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/17/us-usa-internet-piracy-house-idUSTRE80G29K20120117 "House to take up anti-piracy bill in February"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119211552/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/17/us-usa-internet-piracy-house-idUSTRE80G29K20120117 |date=2012-01-19 }} [[Reuters]] 17 January 2012</ref>

Disebutkan dalam Texas Insider bahwa Presiden Obama "tidak akan mendukung undang-undang yang akan mengurangi [[Kebebasan berbicara|kebebasan berpendapat]]", kata sang pewawancara Jay Carney~{{cite web | url=http://www.texasinsider.org/?p=57474 | title=Texas Insider | publisher=Texas Insider | accessdate=January 19, 2012 | pages=1}}

Dalam blog Techland [[TIME]], Jerry Brito menulis, "Bayangkan jika [[Britania Raya]] membuat daftar hitam [[Koran|surat kabar]] Amerika yang ditemukan telah melanggar privasi selebriti? Atau bagaimana jika Prancis memblokir situs Amerika yang diyakini berisi kebencian?"<ref name="techland">{{cite web |url=http://techland.time.com/2011/11/07/congresss-piracy-blacklist-plan-a-cure-worse-than-the-disease/#ixzz1eG1bPxLM |title=Congress's Piracy Blacklist Plan: A Cure Worse than the Disease? |author=Jerry Brito |work=Time |date=November 7, 2011 |accessdate=December 28, 2011 }}</ref> Demikian pula dengan Pusat Demokrasi dan Teknologi yang telah memperingatkan bahwa "Jika SOPA dan PIPA disahkan, pemerintah Amerika Serikat harus menyiapkan pemerintah lain agar mengikuti aturan ini, dalam hal kebijakan sosial yang mereka yakini penting—apakah perlu membatasi pidato kebencian, penghinaan kepada pejabat publik, atau politik perbedaan pendapat."<ref name="US Piracy Law Could Threaten Human Rights" />

Electronic Frontier Foundation menyatakan keprihatinan tentang proyek [[Perangkat lunak|peranti lunak]] gratis dan bersumber terbuka (free and open source software (FLOSS)) yang ditemukan menambah pembajakan daring akan mengalami masalah serius karena SOPA.<ref name="waylay FLOSS">{{cite web |url=http://www.itworld.com/security/223845/piracy-bill-could-waylay-floss-projects |title=Piracy bill could waylay FLOSS projects: If enacted, the SOPA bill in the U.S. House would target software vendors |author=Brian Proffitt |publisher=IT World |date=November 14, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref> Perhatian khusus untuk peramban web [[Firefox]],<ref name="eff" /> yang memiliki ekstensi opsional, MAFIAAFire Redirector, yang mengalihkan pengguna ke lokasi baru dari domain yang sudah disita oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref name="Mozilla stirs netizens against US anti-piracy law: Dancing cats take-down threat" /> Pada bulan Mei 2011, [[Mozilla]] menolak permintaan dari Department Keamanan Tanah Air Amerika Serikat untuk menghapus MAFIAAFire dari websitenya, mempertanyakan apakah perangkat lunak tersebut pernah dinyatakan ilegal.<ref name="Feds Demand Firefox Remove Add-On That Redirects Seized Domains" /><ref name="Questions to Department of Homeland Security April 19, 2011" />

Pada 18 November 2011, [[Parlemen Eropa|Parlemen]] [[Uni Eropa]] menyetujui sebagian besar resolusi yang "menekankan kebutuhan untuk melindungi integritas dari Internet global dan kebebasan berkomunikasi dengan menahan diri dari tindakan sepihak untuk mencabut [[alamat IP]] atau nama domain."<ref name="European Parliament Joins Criticism of SOPA">{{cite web |url= http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/244247/european_parliament_joins_criticism_of_sopa.html |title=European Parliament resolution on the EU-US Summit of November 28, 2011 |publisher=European Parliament |date=November 15, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121033421/http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/244247/european_parliament_joins_criticism_of_sopa.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="European Parliament Resolution Including SOPA">{{cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=P7-RC-2011-0577&language=EN |title=European Parliament Joins Criticism of SOPA |author=Jennifer Baker |publisher=PC World |date=November 18, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011}}</ref>

Individu swasta mengeluarkan petisi kepada [[Departemen Luar Negeri dan Persemakmuran]], meminta pemerintah Inggris untuk mengutuk rancangan undang-undang tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/26143 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2012-01-20 |archive-date=2012-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208215048/https://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/26143 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Pada [[18 Januari]] [[2012]] dilakukan pemadaman situs yang lebih besar. Dilaporkan situs Cheezburger,<ref>https://twitter.com/#%21/benhuh/status/157538541155516416</ref> Mojang,<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/4447/article/notch-joins-january-18-anti-sopa-protest/ |title=Notch Joins January 18 Anti-SOPA Protest |publisher=Gameranx.com |accessdate=January 14, 2012 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115025118/http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/4447/article/notch-joins-january-18-anti-sopa-protest/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Major League Gaming,<ref>{{cite news|author=John Gaudiosi|url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/johngaudiosi/2012/01/13/major-league-gaming-joins-sopa-blackout-pulls-100-godaddy-com-domain-names/|title=Major League Gaming Joins SOPA Blackout, Pulls 100 GoDaddy.com Domain Names|work=Forbes|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref> Boing Boing,<ref>{{cite web|last=Doctorow |first=Cory |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/01/14/boing-boing-will-go-dark-on-ja.html |title=Boing Boing will go dark on Jan 18 to fight SOPA |publisher=Boing Boing |date=September 30, 2010 |accessdate=January 15, 2012}}</ref> BoardGameGeek, XKCD,<ref>[http://xkcd.com/ xkcd.com]. Accessed: January 19, 2012. ([http://www.webcitation.org/64oLPjgFp Archived by WebCite®])</ref> SMBC.<ref>[http://www.smbc-comics.com/ www.smbc-comics.com]. Accessed:January 18, 2012. ([http://www.webcitation.org/64nC10TBh Archived by WebCite®])</ref>, dan The Oatmeal<ref>http://theoatmeal.com/sopa</ref> mengikuti pemadaman ini, bersamaan dengan situs web terkemuka lainnya seperti [[Google]], [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], [[Yahoo]], [[Amazon]], [[AOL]], [[Reddit]], [[Mozilla]], [[LinkedIn]], [[IAC]], [[eBay]], [[PayPal]], [[Wordpress]] dan [[Wikimedia]].<ref name="unprecedented">{{cite news|last=Rachel Bennett and J. Sebe Dale IV|title=Internet giants consider blackout to protest SOPA|url= http://www.wtol.com/story/16464577/internet-giants-consider-blackout-in-opposition-of-anti-piracy-bills|accessdate=January 13, 2012|newspaper=WTOL.com|date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>

Pada tanggal [[19 Januari]] [[2012]], [[Megaupload]], sebuah situs web yang menyediakan layanan berbagi berkas, ditutup oleh [[Departemen Keadilan Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Biro Investigasi Federal|Biro Investigasi Federal (FBI)]].<ref name="MegauploadNYT">{{cite news|last = Sisario|first = Ben|date = January 20, 2012|title = 7 Charged as F.B.I. Closes a Top File-Sharing Site|work = New York Times|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/technology/megaupload-indictment-internet-piracy.html|accessdate = January 21, 2012 }}</ref> Hal ini mengakibatkan apa yang Anonymous katakan sebagai "serangan Internet tunggal terbesar dalam sejarah".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS">{{cite web | date = January 20, 2012 | title = Internet strikes back: Anonymous' Operation Megaupload explained | work = [[RT (TV network)|RT]] | url = http://rt.com/usa/news/anonymous-barrettbrown-sopa-megaupload-241/ | accessdate = January 21, 2012 }}</ref> Barrett Brown, juru bicara kelompok Anonymous mengatakan pada kepada di jaringan berita televisi RT bahwa waktu serangan ini "sudah datang pada waktu yang paling buruk dari sudut pandang pemerintah".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS"/> Walaupun protes SOPA baru berlangsung selama satu hari, mereka mengklaim bahwa pengguna internet "sudah jauh siap membela Internet yang terbuka".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS"/>

Brown memberitahukan kepada RT bahwa situs web Departemen Kehakiman berhasil dimatikan hanya dalam 70 menit setelah dimulainya serangan. Serangan itu menonaktifkan sejumlah situs, termasuk yang dimiliki Departemen Kehakiman, FBI, [[Universal Music Group]], [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA), [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA), dan Broadcast Music, Inc.<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS"/> "Bahkan tanpa SOPA yang belum disahkan pun, pemerintah federal selalu memiliki kekuatan luar biasa besar sehingga dapat melakukan apa pun yang mereka ingin lakukan. Hal ini dapat mereka lakukan tanpa SOPA, bayangkan apa yang dapat terjadi selanjutnya jika SOPA disahkan," Brown mengomentari.<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS" /> Beberapa komentator dan pengamat telah menegaskan bahwa kasus FBI yang dapat menutup Megaupload membuktikan bahwa SOPA dan PIPA tidak diperlukan.<ref>{{cite web | last = Popper | first = Ben | date = January 20, 2012 | title = Department of Justice shutdown of rogue site MegaUpload shows SOPA is unnecessary | work = VentureBeat | url = http://venturebeat.com/2012/01/20/department-of-justice-doj-dept-of-justice-megaupload-piracy-sopa-pipa/ | accessdate = January 21, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Bradley | first = Tony | date = January 20, 2012 | title = MegaUpload Takedown Proves SOPA and PIPA Are Unnecessary | work = Net Work | publisher = PCWorld | url = http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/248469/megaupload_takedown_proves_sopa_and_pipa_are_unnecessary.html | accessdate = January 21, 2012 | archive-date = 2012-01-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120122181933/http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/248469/megaupload_takedown_proves_sopa_and_pipa_are_unnecessary.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>

<ref name="house">[http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/112%20HR%203261.pdf H.R.3261 – Stop3261–Stop Online Piracy Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209080021/http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/112%20HR%203261.pdf |date=2011-12-09 }}; House Judiciary Committee; 26 Oktober 2011</ref>

<ref name="house1">[http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/issues_RogueWebsites.html H.R. 3261, STOP ONLINE PIRACY ACT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103191849/http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/issues_RogueWebsites.html |date=2012-01-03 }}; House Judiciary Committee; 26 Oktober 2011</ref>

<ref name="pcworld">[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/244011/the_us_stop_online_piracy_act_a_primer.html The US Stop Online Piracy Act: A Primer]; PC{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426150734/http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/244011/the_us_stop_online_piracy_act_a_primer.html World|date=2012-04-26 –}}; PC BusinessWorld–Business Center; November 16, 2011</ref>

<ref name="Lawmakers seek alternative to Stop Online Piracy Act">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/111511-lawmakers-seek-alternative-to-stop-253139.html|title=Lawmakers seek alternative to Stop Online Piracy Act: Opponents of the legislation also complain that sponsors are railroading it through Congress|author=Grant Gross|date=November 15, 2011|publisher=Network World|accessdate=December 19, 2011|archive-date=2012-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112024605/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/111511-lawmakers-seek-alternative-to-stop-253139.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

* [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:h.r.03261: HR 3261 pada Thomas - Pustaka Kongres] ([http {{Webarchive|url=https://wwwweb.webcitationarchive.org/643NEmTcCweb/20150102164747/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:h.r.03261: |date=2015-01-02 arsip]}})