Southport Gates: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|partof = [[Benteng di Gibraltar]]
|location = [[Charles V Wall]], [[Gibraltar]]
|image = [[
|caption = Pemandangan New ''(kiri)'' dan Old ''(kanan)'' Southport Gates di [[Charles V Wall]], menghadap utara.
|map_type = Gibraltar
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|image2 = [[
|caption2 = Pemandangan Referendum Gate di [[Charles V Wall]], menghadap selatan.
}}
'''Southport Gates''' adalah tiga [[gerbang kota]] di [[Teritori Seberang Laut Britania]] [[Gibraltar]]. Ketiga gerbang ini berada di [[Charles V Wall]], salah satu [[benteng di Gibraltar]] yang dibangun pada [[abad ke-16]]. Gerbang-gerbangnya bersatu dan berbatasan dengan [[South Bastion, Gibraltar|South Bastion]] di sebelah barat dan [[Trafalgar Cemetery]] di sebelah timur. Southport Gates pertama dan kedua dibangun di jalan yang sekarang bernama [[Trafalgar Road, Gibraltar|Trafalgar Road]] pada tahun 1552 dan 1883. Gerbang ketiga, Referendum Gate, adalah gerbang terlebar di antara ketiganya dan dibangun tahun 1967 di [[Main Street, Gibraltar|Main Street]], tepat di sebelah barat dua gerbang tadi. Southport Gates [[bangunan terdaftar|terdaftar]] di [[Gibraltar Heritage Trust]].
== Deskripsi ==
Southport Gates adalah tiga gerbang kota di Gibraltar, Teritori Seberang Laut Britania di ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Iberia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Crown Dependencies & Overseas Territories|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/publications-and-documents/treaties/uk-overseas-territories/list-crown-dependencies-overseas|work=fco.gov.uk|publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]|accessdate=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neandertals' Last Stand Was in Gibraltar, Study Suggests|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060913-neanderthals.html|accessdate=1 October 2012|newspaper=National Geographic News|date=13 September 2006|author=Roach, John|agency=[[National Geographic Society]]}}</ref>
Gerbang-gerbang ini terletak di Charles V Wall, salah satu benteng pertama Gibraltar yang mempertahankan bekas wilayah selatan kota.<ref name=gilbard>{{cite book|title=A popular history of Gibraltar, its institutions, and its neighbourhood on both sides of the Straits, and a guide book to their principal places and objects of interest|year=1881|publisher=Garrison Library Printing Establishment|pages=208|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2J5CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA5|author=Gilbard, Lieutenant Colonel George James|accessdate=1 October 2012|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Gibraltar Attractions - Charles V Wall|url=http://www.gibraltarinformation.com/gibraltar-attractions.html|work=gibraltarinformation.com|publisher=Gibraltarinformation.com|accessdate=1 October 2012|archive-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829131313/http://www.gibraltarinformation.com/gibraltar-attractions.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ketiganya dibangun antara [[South Bastion, Gibraltar|South Bastion]] di sebelah barat dan [[Flat Bastion]] di sebelah timur, di bawah Trafalgar Hill, dekat Trafalgar Cemetery.<ref name=trust/><ref name=continued>{{cite web|title=Historical Gibraltar Attractions (continued)|url=http://www.gibraltarinformation.com/gibraltar-attractions-2.html|work=gibraltarinformation.com|publisher=Gibraltarinformation.com|accessdate=1 October 2012|archive-date=2012-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226201055/http://www.gibraltarinformation.com/gibraltar-attractions-2.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A history of the late siege of Gibraltar|year=1786|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yT4OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR16#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Bethune, John Drinkwater|edition=2|accessdate=1 October 2012|page=27-28}}</ref> Southport Gate yang asli dan Southport Gate yang "baru" berada di Trafalgar Road, sementara gerbang terbarunya, Referendum Gate, membuka jalan ke Main Street.<ref>{{cite web|title=Map of the Southport Gates|url=http://maps.google.com/?q=36.134890,-5.352838&num=1&t=h&z=20|work=maps.google.com|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Traffic Note|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/official_notices/2002/153-2002.htm|work=gibraltar.gov.gi|publisher=[[Government of Gibraltar]]|accessdate=1 October 2012|archive-date=2012-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521142508/http://gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/official_notices/2002/153-2002.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Southport Gates, bersama [[meriam RML 10 inci 18 ton|meriam sepuluh inci 18 ton]] [[senapan moncong muatan|bermoncong
== Southport Gate ==
Southport Gate, sebelumnya bernama ''Africa Gate'', adalah gerbang pertama yang dibangun di Charles V Wall.<ref name=finlayson/> Gerbang ini dibangun oleh insinyur [[bangsa Italia|Italia]] [[Giovanni Battista Calvi]] tahun 1552, di bawah pemerintahan [[Charles V, Kaisar Romawi Suci]].<ref name=gilbard/><ref name=about>{{cite web|title=Gates & Fortifications|url=http://www.aboutourrock.com/sites/fortifications.htm|work=aboutourrock.com|publisher=About Our Rock|accessdate=1 October 2012|archive-date=2012-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101022932/http://www.aboutourrock.com/sites/fortifications.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=skinner>{{cite web|title=The People of Gibraltar - 1740 - Skinner's Moorish Wall|url=http://gibraltar-intro.blogspot.com/2012/04/chapter-xx.html|publisher=Neville Chipulina|accessdate=26 September 2012}}</ref> Southport Gate memiliki [[Lambang Raja Spanyol|Lambang Charles V, Kaisar Romawi Suci]], serta [[lambang Gibraltar]].<ref name=pocket>{{cite journal|title=Gates, Walls & Fortifications|journal=Gibraltar Discover Pocket Guide|date=July 2009|url=http://issuu.com/discovergibraltar/docs/july2009|accessdate=1 October 2012|page=31|publisher=Discover Pocket Guide(s) Gibraltar Ltd.}}</ref><ref name=popular/> Gerbang ini muncul dalam peta Gibraltar tahun 1627 karya insinyur [[bangsa Spanyol|Spanyol]] [[Luis Bravo de Acuña]]. Di peta yang sekarang disimpan oleh [[British Museum]], Southport Gate dan [[Southport Ditch]] diberi label ''Puerta de África'' ({{Lang-en|Africa Gate}}) dan ''Fosso'' ({{Lang-en|Ditch}}) dalam bahasa Spanyol.<ref name=trafalgar>{{cite web|title=Trafalgar Cemetery|url=
== New Southport Gate ==
Gerbang tengah dibangun tahun 1883.<ref name=pocket/><ref name=board>{{cite web|title=General Information|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:9s_h_DkQ4vgJ:www.murciaeduca.es/iesmarianobaquerogoyanes/sitio/upload/General_Information.DOC+Gibraltar,+Gate,+1883,+Adye&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjHf81Uat_YUAAefx6NqNVXq9PCfy9HCg8vZx0k_l0Fai0pPr0ZENuyQQYiRbqLkn9Q6V6tV5lWL3K7HLfGXxAUlg1DPn_KIAiBUdH9vz1fqvpzaq2Z-7auSTSTQFIAswlEEB5C&sig=AHIEtbTXTTl1QgmMKNBTS17JwMZpTOU7Pw|work=docs.google.com|publisher=Gibraltar Tourist Board|accessdate=1 October 2012|page=18}}</ref> New Southport Gate dibuka di Charles V Wall untuk memperlancar arus lalu lintas.<ref name=popular>{{cite book|title=A popular history of Gibraltar, its institutions, and its neighbourhood on both sides of the straits, and a guide book to their principal places and objects of interest|year=1888|publisher=Garrison Library|pages=264|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D6oKZxBZId4C&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Southport+Gate,+1883,+traffic&source=bl&ots=fRfPTdzZ9b&sig=o8FNGcSe8T799DBYSNNiG0bStcM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=f91qULqLO-nDyQGW1oCQDw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Southport%20Gate%2C%201883%2C%20traffic&f=false|author=Gilbard, Lieutenant Colonel George James|accessdate=2 October 2012|page=57-58}}</ref> Gerbang ini dibangun pada masa pemerintahan [[Ratu Victoria]] dan [[Gubernur Gibraltar]] Jenderal Sir [[John Miller Adye]].<ref name=popular/> Gerbang ini diberi ornamen lambang gubernur dan Gibraltar, di bawah [[Lambang kerajaan Britania Raya|Lambang Kerajaan Ratu Victoria]].<ref name=about/><ref name=pocket/><ref name=popular/> Pada [[abad ke-19]], Southport Ditch merupakan situs penyimpanan [[shell (proyektil)|proyektil]]. Tahun 1880-an, South Bastion memiliki empat meriam senapan bermoncong muatan baru. Sekarang, salah satu meriam tersebut dipasang di dalam Southport Gates. Pada 1908, magasinnya diubah menjadi ruang pompa, seperti yang muncul di peta [[Ordnance Survey]] tahun itu.<ref name=chronicle/>
== Referendum Gate ==
Gerbang ketiga, bernama Referendum Gate, adalah yang terlebar dari ketiga gerbang ini.<ref name=continued/><ref name=about/><ref name=board/> Juga disebut Referendum Arch, gerbang ini dibangun pada tahun 1967 di sebelah barat dua gerbang pertama.<ref name=about/><ref name=trafalgar/><ref name=board/> Gerbang ini memperingati [[referendum kedaulatan Gibraltar 1967|referendum kedaulatan pertama Gibraltar tahun 1967]], ketika mayoritas [[bangsa Gibraltar|penduduk Gibraltar]] menyatakan tetap menjadi warga negara [[hukum kewarganegaraan Britania Raya|Britania Raya]], bukan Spanyol.<ref name=continued/><ref name=about/><ref name=pocket/> Bagian barat Southport Ditch sudah dimanfaatkan pada abad ke-19 sebagai kebun pasar dan sekarang bernama Sunken Gardens. Pada masa pembukaan Referendum Gate, bagian parit tersebut diisi.<ref name=trafalgar/><ref name=chronicle/> Trafalgar Cemetery menjadi sisa bagian timur Southport Ditch dan sebelumnya bernama Southport Ditch Cemetery.<ref name=popular/><ref name=trafalgar/><ref name=chronicle/>
[[Hari Nasional Gibraltar]], hari libur tahunan yang diadakan tanggal 10 September di Gibraltar, juga sekalian merayakan referendum tanggal 10 September 1967 yang menghasilkan 99% suara menolak [[aneksasi]] oleh Spanyol dan mendukung status quo Britania. Hari libur ini pertama kali dirayakan tahun 1992, ulang tahun referendum kedaulatan pertama Gibraltar ke-25.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gibraltar National Day|url=http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2010-12/702|work=parliament.uk|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gibraltar Celebrates 20th National Day|url=http://yourgibraltartv.com/ygtv-news/written-news/2230-sep-11-gibraltar-celebrates-20th-national-day|work=yourgibraltartv.com|publisher=Your Gibraltar TV|date=11 September 2012|accessdate=1 October 2012|archive-date=2016-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327192056/http://www.yourgibraltartv.com/ygtv-news/written-news/2230-sep-11-gibraltar-celebrates-20th-national-day|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Galeri ==
<center>
<gallery>
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File:Gibraltar, Southport Gates, Brunnen.JPG|Air mancur di Southport Gates
File:RML 10 inch 18 ton gun, Southport Gate, Gibraltar.jpg|[[Meriam RML 10 inci 18 ton]], Southport Gates
File:Gibraltar GM 2008 (1).JPG|Tampion di [[Meriam RML 10 inci 18 ton]]
</gallery>
</center>
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