Isokrates: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

 

== Karier ==

 

 

Pada sekitar tahun 392 SM dia mendirikan sekolah retorikanya sendiri (pada saat itu, Athena tidak memiliki kurikulum standar untuk pendidikan tinggi; [[sofis]] biasanya berkeliling), dan terbukti bukan hanya seorang guru yang berpengaruh, tetapi seorang pengusaha yang cerdas. Tunjangannya luar biasa tinggi, dan dia menerima tidak lebih dari sembilan murid sekaligus. Banyak dari mereka kemudian menjadi filsuf, legislator dan sejarawan. Sebagai akibatnya, ia mengumpulkan banyak uang. Menurut [[Plinius yang Tua|Plinius Tua]] (''NH'' VII.30) dia bisa menjual orasi tunggal sebesar dua puluh [[talenta Attik|talenta]].

* {{Cite book|title=The Greek and Roman Critics|url=https://archive.org/details/greekromancritic0000grub|last=Grube|first=G.M.A.|publisher=Methuen|year=1965|location=London}}

* {{Cite book|title=Logos and power in Isocrates and Aristotle|url=https://archive.org/details/logospowerinisoc0000hask|last=Haskins|first=Ekaterina V.|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|year=2004|isbn=1-57003-526-1|location=Columbia, SC}}

* {{Cite book|title=Isocrates I|last=Isocrates|publisher=University of Texas Press|others=David Mirhady, Yun Lee Too, trans|year=2000|isbn=0-292-75237-7|location=Austin, TX}}

* {{Cite book|title=Isocrates II|last=Isocrates|publisher=University of Texas Press|others=Terry L. Papillon, trans|year=2004|isbn=0-292-70245-0|location=Austin, TX}}

* {{Cite book|title=A commentary on Isocrates' Busiris|last=Livingstone|first=Niall|publisher=Brill|year=2001|isbn=90-04-12143-9|location=Boston}}

* {{Cite journal|last=Papillon|first=Terry|year=1998|title=Isocrates and the Greek Poetic Tradition|url=http://www.otago.ac.nz/classics/scholiagfx/v07p041-061.pdf|journal=Scholia|volume=7|pages=41–61}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="A template to indicate that the preceding URL is dead">Dead link</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Month and year</span><span data-key="date" title="The month and year the URL was found to be dead, like "June 2013"" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">November 2017</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="bot" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Bot name</span><span data-key="bot" title="The name of the bot used to identify the dead link (not used by regular editors)" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="bot" style="position: relative;">InternetArchiveBot</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="fix-attempted" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Fix attempted</span><span data-key="fix-attempted" title="Used to indicate that no archive copy is available" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="fix-attempted" style="position: relative;">yes</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Papillon</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Terry</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1998</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Isocrates and the Greek Poetic Tradition</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the &amp;nbsp;protocol relative scheme "//..."" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://www.otago.ac.nz/classics/scholiagfx/v07p041-061.pdf</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Scholia</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">7</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">41–61</div></div></div></div>

* {{Cite book|title=Isocrates and civic education|publisher=Univ. of Texas Press|year=2004|isbn=0-292-70219-1|editor-last=Poulakos|editor-first=Takis|location=Austin|editor-last2=Depew|editor-first2=David J.}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Isocrates and civic education</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Univ. of Texas Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2004</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-292-70219-1</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor last name</span><span data-key="editor-last" title="The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-last" style="position: relative;">Poulakos</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor first name</span><span data-key="editor-first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-first" style="position: relative;">Takis</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editors list</span><span data-key="editors" title="Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editors" style="position: relative;">Poulakos</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Austin</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name of second editor</span><span data-key="editor-last2" title="The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-last2" style="position: relative;">Depew</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-first2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name of second editor</span><span data-key="editor-first2" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-first2" style="position: relative;">David J.</div></div></div></div>

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Speaking for the polis: Isocrates' rhetorical education</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Poulakos</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Takis</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Univ. of South Carolina Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1997</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">1-57003-177-0</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Columbia, SC</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Poulakos</div></div></div></div>

* {{Cite book|title=Magic and rhetoric in ancient Greece|last=Romilly|first=Jacqueline de|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1985|isbn=0-674-54152-9|location=Cambridge, MA|author-link=Jacqueline de Romilly}}

* [http://roderic.uv.es/uv_ms_0443 ''Isocratis sermo de regno ad Nicoclem regem. Bartholomei Facii Orationes''] at [http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/43 Somni]

{{Commonscat|Isocrates}}

 

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