Boeing 707: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{short description|Narrow-body jet airliner family}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout, and guidelines. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = Boeing 707
|logo = Berkas:Boeing-Logo.svg
|image = File:Boeing 707-
|caption = Boeing 707-321B milik maskapai [[Pan American World Airways]]
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = [[Pesawat jet]] [[Pesawat terbang berbadan sempit|berbadan sempit]]
|national origin = [[Amerika Serikat]]
|manufacturer = [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]]
|first flight = {{start date and age|1957|12|20|mf=y|p=y}}<ref>[http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/707.html "Boeing 707 Jet Transport."] ''aviation-history.com''. Retrieved December 27, 2009.</ref>
|introduction = {{start date and age|1958|10|26|mf=y|p=y}}, oleh [[Pan American World Airways|Pan Am]]
|produced = {{start date and age|1956|p=y}}<br/>–{{end date and age|1978|p=y}}{{efn|Commercial aircraft were produced from 1956 to 1978. See C-137, E-3, E-6, and E-8 articles for production of military derivatives.}}
|retired = <!-- Retired status cited in Op. history section later in article. -->
|status = Tidak beroperasi dan aktif sebagai pesawat militer {{efn|Retired from airline passenger use in April 2013;<ref name="payvand.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/13/apr/1165.html|title=Iranian airline SAHA halts operation due to outdated fleet|work=payvand.com|access-date=April 1, 2015|archive-date=2021-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314190359/http://www.payvand.com/news/13/apr/1165.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> civilian service [[2019 Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crash|ended]] in January 2019<ref name="Waldron">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-707-crashes-near-tehran-454991/|title=Boeing 707 crashes near Tehran|last=Waldron|first=Greg|date=January 14, 2019|website=Flightglobal.com|language=en-GB|access-date=January 15, 2019}}</ref>}}
|
|more users = {{ubl|[[Trans World Airlines]]<small>(telah pensiun)</small>|[[American Airlines]]<small>(telah pensiun)</small>|[[Air France]]<small>(telah pensiun)</small>}} <!--Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field (4 total users). Please separate with <br />.-->
|number built = 865<!-- 1010 - (65 + 89 B720s)= 865 707s --> (tidak termasuk [[boeing 720]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=707&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=707&ViewReportF=View+Report |title=707 Model Summary |publisher=Boeing Commercial Airplanes |access-date=December 10, 2010 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904102020/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=707&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=707&ViewReportF=View+Report |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|developed from = [[Boeing 367-80]]
|variants with their own articles = {{ubl|[[Boeing 720]]|[[Boeing C-137 Stratoliner
|developed into = {{ubl|[[Boeing E-3 Sentry]]|[[Boeing E-6 Mercury]]|[[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS]]}}
}}
|}
[[Berkas:Boeing 707-329 Sabena short fin 1960.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Boeing 707 Sabena pada April 1960]]
[[Berkas:Boeing B-52D-70-BO (SN 56-0582) is refueled by Boeing KC-135A-BN (SN 55-3127) 061127-F-1234S-009.jpg| '''Boeing 707''' merupakan pesawat jet [[pesawat penumpang sipil|penumpang sipil]]
Pesawat ini terinspirasi dari pesawat terbang rancangan [[Boeing]] yang dikenal sebagai [[Boeing 367-80]]. Rencana ini membawa kepada KC-135 Stratotanker, pesawat tanker yang digunakan oleh [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]], dan 707. Untuk memberi peluang pemasangan enam kursi yang sama, badan 707 diperluas 6 inci dibanding 367-80.
Varian 707 pertama, 707-120, dirancang untuk rute antarbenua dan sering perlu berhenti untuk mengisi bahan bakar apabila digunakan pada rute [[Atlantik]] Utara. Model 707-320 dan 707-420 kemudian memiliki sayap yang lebih besar, lebih berat, dan tangki bahan bakar berkapasitas lebih besar agar dapat menyeberangi lautan. 707-220 merupakan bingkai udara 707-120, dilengkapi dengan mesin lebih kuat untuk operasi 'panas dan tinggi' - hanya 5 buah yang pernah dibuat, semuanya untuk Braniff International Airways disebabkan konsumsi bahan bakar yang tinggi. Kelemahan ini hilang dengan penemuan mesin jet [[turbofan]].
'''Boeing 720''', pada awalnya dinamakan 707-020,
Produksi 707 berlanjut hingga tahun [[1991]], dan walaupun tidak lagi digunakan oleh maskapai penerbangan [[Amerika Serikat]] utama seperti Delta Airlines dan [[American Airlines]]
Dua pesawat kepresidenan AS pertama yang dibuat sebagai [[Air Force One]] merupakan Boeing 707 yang dirancang khusus; pesawat ini masih digunakan oleh pegawai federal berpangkat tinggi dalam perjalanan dinas. Banyak negara lain masih menggunakan 707 untuk membawa tamu-tamu VIP.
[[Amerika Serikat]] dan negara pihak [[NATO]] (termasuk [[Afrika Selatan]] dan [[Israel]]) menggunakan 707 untuk pengisian bahan bakar di udara (aerial refueling) dan AWACS, walaupun kebanyakan dari pesawat ini sedang dipensiunkan. Pesawat 707 juga merupakan lapangan untuk proyek Joint STARS bagi [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]].
== Beberapa contoh operator ==
* [[Air India]]
* [[Varig]]
* [[Asaya Airlines]]
* [[Air France]]
* [[Lufthansa]]
* [[Pan Am]]
* [[BOAC]]
* [[Trans World Airlines]]
* [[Avianca]]
* [[American Airlines]]
* [[Northwest Airlines]]
* [[Braniff International Airways]]
* [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]
==Specifications==
[[File:Boeing 707 3-view.svg|thumb|three-view diagram]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ 707 Airplane characteristics<ref name=707acaps>{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/707.pdf |title= 707 Airplane characteristics for airport planning |date= May 2011 |publisher= Boeing }}</ref>
! Varian
! 707-120
! 707-120B
! 707-320
! 707-420
! 707-320B
! 707-320C
|-
!Kru kokpit<ref name=TCDS/>
| colspan=6 | Minimum tiga: [[Pilot pesawat|Pilot]], Ko-pilot, and Insinyur penerbangan
|-
! 1-[[Kursi pesawat|kelas]]/kargo{{rp|16–18}}
| colspan=2 | 174 @ 34"
| colspan=3 | 189 @ 34"
| 194 @ 32"
|-
! 2-kelas/kargo{{rp|16–18}}
| colspan=2 | 137 (32J @ 38" + 105Y @ 34")
| colspan=3 | 141 (18J + 123Y)
| 13 88×125" pallets
|-
! Batas keluar<ref name=TCDS>{{cite web |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/1ba4297b003b30a88525672400607e05/$FILE/4a26.PDF |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet |publisher= FAA |date= July 30, 1984 |access-date= 2020-11-21 |archive-date= 2020-05-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200531165108/https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/1ba4297b003b30a88525672400607e05/$FILE/4a26.PDF |dead-url= yes }}</ref>
| colspan=5 | 189
| 219
|-
! Panjang{{rp|5}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|145|ft|1|in}}
| colspan=4 | {{cvt|152|ft|11|in}}
|-
!Lebar [[Badan pesawat]]{{rp|19}}
| colspan=6 | 148 in / 3.759 m
|-
![[Rentang sayap]]{{rp|5}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|130|ft|10|in}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|142|ft|5|in}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|145|ft|9|in}}
|-
! Luas sayap<ref name=airliners.net>{{cite web |url= https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-707/87 |title= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications > Boeing 707 |work= The International Directory of Civil Aircraft |author= Gerard Frawley |via= airliners.net}}</ref>
| colspan=2 | 2,433 sq ft / 226.3 m²
| colspan=4 | 3,050 sq ft / 283 m²
|-
!Tinggi Ekor{{rp|5}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|41|ft|8|in}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|42|ft|2|in}}
| {{cvt|42|ft|1|in}}
| {{cvt|42|ft|0|in}}
|-
! [[Berat lepas landas maks.]]{{rp|9}}
| 247,000 lb / 123.5 t
| 258,000 lb / 129 t
| colspan=2 | 312,000 lb / 141.7 t
| colspan=2 | 333,600 lb / 151.5 t
|-
!Berat kosong{{rp|9}}
| 122,533 lb / 57.6 t{{efn|domestic configuration}}
| 127,500 lb / 58.4 t{{efn|domestic configuration}}
| colspan=2 | 142,600 lb / 64.6 t{{efn|name=int|international configuration}}
| 148,800 lb / 67.5 t{{efn|name=int}}
| 148,300 lb / 67.3 t{{efn|convertible: cargo}}
|-
![[Kapasitas bahan bakar]]{{rp|9}}
| colspan=2 | 17,330USgal / 65.59 m<sup>3</sup>
| colspan=2 | 23,820USgal / 90.16 m<sup>3</sup>
| colspan=2 | 23,855 USgal / 90.29 m<sup>3</sup>
|-
![[Mesin]] (x4){{rp|36}}
| [[Pratt & Whitney JT3C|P&W JT3C]]-6
| [[Pratt & Whitney JT3D|P&W JT3D]]-1
| [[Pratt & Whitney JT4A|JT4A]]-11/12
| [[Rolls-Royce Conway|Conway]]-12
| colspan=2 | [[Pratt & Whitney JT3D]]-3/7
|-
! [[Dorongan]] per mesin{{rp|36–41}}
| {{cvt|13,500|lbf|kN|abbr=}}
| {{cvt|17,000|lbf|kN}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|17,500|lbf|kN}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|18,000|lbf|kN}} - {{cvt|19,000|lbf|kN}}
|-
! Cruise<ref name=airliners.net/>
| colspan=2 | 484-540 kn / 897-1000 km/h
| colspan=4 | 478-525 kn / 885-974 km/h
|-
![[Jarak tempuh]]{{rp|30–34}}
| {{cvt|3,000|nmi|km}}{{efn|137 passengers and baggage}}
| {{cvt|3,600|nmi|km}}{{efn|137 passengers and baggage}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|3,750|nmi|km}}{{efn|name=141pax|141 passengers and baggage}}
| {{cvt|5,000|nmi|km}}{{efn|name=141pax}}
| {{cvt|2,900|nmi|km}}{{efn|13 88×125 inch pallets + 17,000 lb / 7.72 t lower deck cargo}}
|-
![[Lepas landas]]
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|2.3|km|ft|order=flip}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|3.25|km|ft|order=flip}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|10,000|ft|km}}
|-
![[Mendarat]]{{efn|MLW, SL, dry}}{{rp|42–46}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|6,500|ft|km}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|2.2|km|ft|order=flip}}
| {{cvt|1.8|km|ft|order=flip}}
| {{cvt|1.9|km|ft|order=flip}}
|}
== Lihat pula ==
{{aircontent
|see also=<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
|related=<!-- designs which were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
* [[Boeing 367-80]]
* [[KC-135 Stratotanker]]
* [[Boeing 720]]
* [[Boeing 727]]
* [[Boeing 737]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- aircraft that are of similar role, era, and capability as this design: -->
* [[de Havilland Comet]]
* [[Convair 880]]
* [[Douglas DC-8]]
* [[Ilyushin Il-62]]
* [[Shanghai Y-10]]
* [[Tupolev Tu-114]]
* [[Vickers VC10]]
}}
== Referensi ==
Baris 51 ⟶ 187:
{{Boeing model numbers}}
{{Boeing military aircraft}}
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Boeing|707]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang sipil]]
Baris 59 ⟶ 195:
[[Kategori:Pesawat jet bermesin empat (Quadjet)|Boeing 707]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang berbadan sempit]]
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