Hikmat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Hikmat''' atau '''
== Perspektif filsafat ==
[[
Definisi dasar dari "Hikmat" adalah penggunaan suatu pengetahuan dengan benar.<ref>"Wisdom is the right use of knowledge." – [[Charles Haddon Spurgeon]] (1834–1892)</ref> Lawan dari hikmat adalah kebodohan atau kebebalan (''foolishness'', ''folly'').
Masyarakat [[Yunani]] kuno menganggap hikmat adalah suatu kebajikan yang penting, dipersonifikasikan sebagai dewi [[Metis (mitologi)|Metis]] dan [[Athena]]. Athena dikatakan keluar dari kepala [[Zeus]]. Ia digambarkan sebagai kuat, adil, murah hati dan perawan suci.<ref>{{cite web|last=Turnbill|first=S|date=2011, 12 8|title=Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom and craftsmanship|url=http://www.goddessgift.com/goddess-myths/greek_goddess_athena.htm|publisher=Goddessgift.com}}</ref> Bagi
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The [[ancient Romans]] also valued wisdom. It was personified in [[Minerva]], or Pallas. She also represents skillful knowledge and the virtues, especially chastity. Her symbol was the owl which is still a popular representation of wisdom, because it can see in darkness. She was said to be born from Jupiter's brain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Myths about Roman goddess minerva. (n.d.)|url=http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-gods/myths-about-the-roman-goddess-minerva.htm|publisher=Roman-colosseum.info}}</ref>
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=== [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Yudaisme]] ===
Dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]]
Kata "hikmat" (חכם) disebutkan 222 kali dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]]. Dianggap sebagai salah satu sifat baik tertinggi di antara orang-orang Israel bersama-sama dengan kebaikan (חסד) dan keadilan (צדק). Baik [[Kitab Amsal]] dan [[Kitab Mazmur]] mendorong pembaca untuk memperoleh dan meningkatkan hikmat.
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Wisdom is also personified as a righteous woman in the [[Book of Proverbs]].{{main|wisdom (personification)}}
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=== [[Perjanjian Baru]] dan [[Kekristenan]] ===
Terdapat suatu elemen yang berlawanan dalam pemikiran Kristen mengenai hikmat sekuler (dunia) dan hikmat Allah. [[Paulus dari Tarsus|Rasul Paulus]] menyatakan bahwa hikmat dunia menganggap pemberitaan mengenai [[Kristus]] sebagai suatu kebodohan. Namun, bagi barangsiapa yang berada di "jalan keselamatan" Kristus melambangkan hikmat Allah. ({{Alkitab|1 Korintus 1:17–31}}) Hikmat juga merupakan satu dari tujuh karunia Roh Kudus menurut kepercayaan Anglikan, Katolik, dan Lutheran. {{Alkitab|1 Korintus 12:8–10}} mencatat daftar sembilan kebajikan, salah satunya adalah hikmat.
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=== [[Al Qur'an]] dan [[Islam]] ===
Dalam [[Islam]], Hikmat dianggap salah satu karunia terbesar yang dapat dinikmati manusia. [[Al Qur'an]] menyatakan : {{quote|"Allah menganugrahkan al-Hikmah (kefahaman yang dalam tentang al-Qur'an dan as-Sunnah) kepada siapa yang Dia kehendaki. Dan barang siapa yang dianugrahi al-hikmah itu, ia benar-benar telah dianugrahi karunia yang banyak. Dan hanya orang-orang yang berakallah yang dapat mengambil pelajaran (dari firman Allah)."|Qur'an, surah 2 ([[Surah Al-Baqarah|Al-Baqarah]]), [[ayat]] 269<ref>{{cite quran|2|269|s=ns}}</ref>}}
Ada pula sejumlah ayat dimana Q'uran secara khusus berbicara mengenai
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=== [[Leonid S. Sukhorukov]] ===
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The Sanskrit verse to attain knowledge is
"Om Asato maa sad-gamaya; <br>tamaso maa jyotir-ga-maya; <br>mrtyor-maa amrutam gamaya.
"O Lord Lead me from the unreal to the real.<br>Lead me from darkness to light.<br>Lead me from death to immortality.<br>May there be peace, peace, and perfect peace". a Sanskrit invocation from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishads 1.3.28.
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In another famous account, Odin hanged himself for nine nights from [[Yggdrasil]], the [[World Tree]] that unites all the [[Norse cosmology|realms of existence]], suffering from hunger and thirst and finally wounding himself with a spear until he gained the knowledge of [[runic alphabet|runes]] for use in casting powerful [[magic (paranormal)|magic]].<ref>Larrington, Carolyne (transl. and ed.) (1996). ''[[Poetic Edda]]''. [[Oxford World's Classics]]. ISBN 0-19-283946-2</ref> He was also able to acquire the [[mead of poetry]] from the [[Jötunn|giants]], a drink of which could grant the power of a scholar or [[skald|poet]], for the benefit of [[Æsir|gods]] and mortals alike.<ref name=Faulkes/>
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== Lihat pula ==▼
▲==Lihat pula ==
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* [[Analogi]]
* [[Bildung]]
* [[
* [[Kesadaran]]
* [[Ecological wisdom]]
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* [[Kitab Amsal]]
* [[Kitab Ayub]]
* [[Metakognisi]]
* [[Pengetahuan]]
* [[Perspicacity]]
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* [[Sentience]]
* [[Sofia (hikmat)]]
* [[Sirakh|Kebijaksanaan Sirakh]]
* [[
* [[
* The Wikiversity [[v:Wisdom|course on Wisdom]]
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== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
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* [[Sternberg, Robert J.]], ''Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development'' (1990). [[Cambridge University Press]]. ISBN 978-0-521-36718-9 {{importance-inline|date=December 2010}}
* Conover, Sarah and Wahl, Valerie, "Kindness: A Treasury of Buddhist Wisdom for Children and Parents (This Little Light of Mine)", Skinner House Books, 2010. ISBN 978-1-55896-568-3
* Legesse B, Price BH., Murray ED Brain-Behavior Relations. In: Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 2nd Edition. Vilanayur S Ramachandran MD PhD(ed) Academic Press. 16 March 2012. ISBN 978-
== Pranala luar ==
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* {{InPho|idea|1544}}
* {{SEP|wisdom}}
* [http://www.path-work.info Atlas of Wisdom: Wisdom in Psychology and Spirituality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124152859/http://www.path-work.info/ |date=2019-01-24 }}
* [http://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk From Knowledge to Wisdom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209110220/http://www.nick-maxwell.demon.co.uk/ |date=2012-12-09 }}
* [http://www.foundationsmag.com/wisdom.html Where is the Wisdom We have Lost in Knowledge?]
* [http://www.excaliburbooks.com Wisdom in Perspective] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917115252/http://www.excaliburbooks.com/ |date=2017-09-17 }}
* [http://www.ancienttexts.org/ Ancient texts]
* [http://hermetic.com/ Hermetic scriptures]
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* [http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/pb/PB_Wisdom_2004.pdf Book on Wisdom from psychologist Paul Baltes]
* [http://www.wisdompage.com The Wisdom Page]
* [http://www.wisdomation.com Share Your Wisdom Here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020801/http://www.wisdomation.com/ |date=2020-11-09 }}
* [http://www.wisdomresearch.org The Defining Wisdom Project of the University of Chicago]
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